"Wabekeleni": An Uhlalutyo. "Wabekeleni": Isishwankathelo

"Wabekeleni" - an lesikhumbuzo obalaseleyo ncwadi yamandulo, abhalwe kwenkulungwane ye-12. Ukufunda lo msebenzi usenalo nempembelelo entle kubantu, ivula zexa amatsha kubo.

"Wabekeleni." imisebenzi History

"Wabekeleni" na umsebenzi wobugcisa yoncwadi, umsebenzi wadala eRashiya yamandulo. Lo msebenzi yabhalwa kufutshane ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibini, yaye ngowe-1795 wafunyanwa yi Count Alexei Ivanovich Musin-Pushkin. Ngowe-1800, yanyatheliswa. Le yokuqala "Amagama" yanyamalala umlilo 1812, ngexesha leMfazwe Patriotic Enkulu, abantu Russian nxamnye isiFrentshi.

imveliso isishwankathelo

Uhlalutyo i "Wabekeleni" libonisa ukuba imveliso ibe sisincoko, oko eqhelekileyo ukuba indalo Old iincwadi Russian. Kubume bayo kukho imvakalozwi kunye uninzi, ngokunjalo thowusti.

Imvakalozwi yi babayala ukuba abafundi umbhali, kwakunye ngokoluvo umbhali utyhilela kancinane malunga iziganeko, aya ukuchaza. Umbhali ufuna ukuxelela konke malunga nomkhankaso uNkosana Igor obukhoyo, ngaphandle Reserve, ngaphandle intelekelelo okungeyomfuneko. Sisebenza njengomzekelo umdlali odumileyo Bojan, othe walandela akusoloko kuphela epics yamandulo, kodwa bumbongorha wacula yeenkosana yelo xesha.

Uhlalutyo i "Wabekeleni" ngokufutshane kubonisa ukuba umbhali echaza imida ngokulandelelana kwembaliso ukuthi, yena othetha ngobomi Vladimira Svyatoslavicha of Kiev, uze emva koko ngokuthe ngcembe uhlabela mgama ukuchaza ubomi Prince Igorya Svyatoslavicha.

Imisebenzi icebo

amajoni Russian wathumela ukuba alwe naye iqela elinamandla - Polovtsy. Phambi kokuba kuqale phulo ubandakanya isibhakabhaka ilanga, komnyama elanga iqala. Wonke omnye umhlali Rus yamandulo 'kwakuza kuba abonwabi kwaye ngabe umelene izicwangciso zakhe, kodwa Prince Igor akunjalo. Yena nempi yakhe nangoku uhamba phambili. Yaba ngoMeyi wokuqala 1185. neenjongo Igor ixhasa umzalwana wakhe, Vsevolod Bui Tour.

Emva edlula ixesha elithile endleleni, adibana Igor Polovtsian entsithelweni. Inani labo kude kune nani labantu Russian. Kodwa Russian iseyeyona emfazweni iqala.

Igor ezikuzo Vsevolod Bui noloyiso kwidabi yokuqala phezu Polovtsy. Kunoko, bavumela ukuba ukuphumla. Kodwa ukubona okanye uvakalelwa kukuba imikhosi zabo ziphela kunye nenani imikhosi Polovtsian nangoku likhulu kune nani Russian ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ngosuku olulandelayo, imikhosi Polovtsian ukuhlasela umkhosi Russian kwaye usoyise. amajoni amaninzi Russian embulele, Prince Igor ethathwa banjwa.

Kulo lonke izwe Russian izibika abafileyo, kunye Cumans, ukuze aphumelele edabini, hlula. Uloyiso phezu umkhosi Igor Polovtsian wabangela Russian amashwa ezininzi. amajoni abaninzi babulawa yaye ezinye Cumans baqhubeka kuphanga ilizwe Russian.

Svyatoslav Kievsky

Uhlalutyo i "Lay", umsebenzi leyo ekuthiwa yabhalwa ngumbhali ongaziwayo, iintetho malunga iphupha bezinye Svyatoslav of Kiev, apho wabona kuye ngomkhosi yomngcwabo yomngcwabo. Kwaye iphupha lakhe lazaliseka.

Xa Svyatoslav weva ngokoyiswa butho Russian, wawela buhlungu. Prince Igor wathathwa. Wayehlala phantsi kweliso Polovtsy, kodwa xa omnye wabo, Laurel, wamcela ukuba basinde. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-Cumans bagqiba ekubeni kubulawe onke amabanjwa Russian. Igor wavuma ukuba ukubaleka. Phantsi ngobumnyama, wabopha ihashe lakhe waza wakhwela esikhululweni imfihlelo Polovtsian.

Wenza indlela yakhe eya Donets River iintsuku ezilishumi elinanye, kunye Cumans wamphuthuma. Ngenxa yoko, Igor wakwazi ukuya ezweni Russian. E Kiev and Chernigov sadibana naye ngovuyo. Igcina "Igama elithi" ezibeka elihle kwimibongo nxamnye Prince Igor kunye nabantu bakhe.

Characters "Lay"

Umlinganiswa ophambili of "Wabekeleni" Kakade ke, Prince Igor Svyatoslavich. Le noyinkokheli, onyulwe into engundoqo - soyisa utshaba nokukhusela ilizwe Russian. Kunye nomzalwana wakhe kunye nomkhosi wakhe wabuya noloyiso, ukulungele ukwenza yonke into ngenxa yozuko lokhokho.

Ngendlela, ukuba ukhangela Uhlalutyo "Lay", Grade 9, ningawufumana khona kwilayibrari izikolo zethu.

Igor Svyatoslavich yenza impazamo, ngenxa apho umkhosi woyiswa, abafazi Russian Abahlolokazi, nabantwana - iinkedama.

Kiev prince Svyatoslav - indoda efuna uxolo nokuthula iRashiya, elahla umzalwana wakhe Igor kunye Vsevolod for ngobungxamo kwindawo izigqibo kunye nentlungu ukuba ndizise ilizwe Russian. Svyatoslav waba bakhetha manyano wabathetheli, ngenxa amanyathelo kwabo ngokubambisana nxamnye Polovtsy.

umfanekiso Yaroslavna kweli kwimveliso

umfazi Igor kaThixo - - Yaroslavna umlinganiswa ophambili nemazi, "Lala." Ukuba uhlaziyo "Wabekeleni 'ukukhala Yaroslavna wayeza kuba yinxalenye yeyona buchaza kakuhle lo msebenzi. Yaroslavna uyakhala e nenqaba wokhuselo liphezulu Putivel (esi sixeko ngakumbi emathafeni Polovtsian). Uthi nge izinto zendalo. Amandla amazwi akhe, lukwa iphefumlelwe. Yena udlulisela umoya ukuba ukuvuthela kude phezu hobbling mnandi yayo, kubhekisele Dnieper nelanga.

Uhlalutyo i "Lay", isishwankathelo apho unokuyifunda kwi manqaku kwiilwimi abaphandi ibonisa ukuba Yaroslavna wabangela izizukulwana ezilandelayo umdla likhulu kakhulu ngaphezu ophambili womsebenzi, yaye ekhala yaguqulelwa kwiilwimi ezininzi. Umbhali we "Amazwi" lukholelwa ukuba Isililo Yaroslavna kaThixo ubenegalelo amandla endalo, yaye ke ngoko Igoryu Svyatoslavichu wakwazi ukubaleka ekuthinjweni. Umfanekiso edume lwalo Yaroslavna - opera A. B. Borodina "Prince Igor" (ezibhaliweyo phakathi 1869 no-1887).

Cumans kwi "Wabekeleni"

Bangi eziphambili Prince Igor namabutho Russian kwimveliso are Polovtsy. Bona abemi asendle, oko kukuthi, emathafeni engaphele ndawo, amathafa Russian s.

ubudlelwane Russian nabantu Polovtsy eyahlukileyo, ke babe ngabahlobo, akwazi ingxabano. Ngenkulungwane ye-12, ulwalamano lwabo lube ezikhohlakeleyo. Ukuba uhlaziyo "Wabekeleni" igama yegolide ilumkisa Igor Svyatoslav ubuhlobo kunye Polovtsy. Kodwa ulwalamano lwakhe kunye Polovtsy azikho ngokubanzi embi kangako. Ngokutsho uphando zembali Igor Svyatoslavich waba nolwalamano oluhle kunye khans Polovtsian Kobyakov kunye Konchak. Unyana wakhe wada watshata intombi Konchak.

Unya Polovtsian, leyo wagxininisa zonke mbali ezilandelayo, lowo umkhulu amasiko ekufuneka ixesha. Prince Igor, ebanjelwe bethinjiwe yi-Polovtsy, nako nokuba avume ibandla lamaKristu. Ngaphezu koko, intsebenziswano kunye Russian Polovtsy kunceda abantu Russian wagaxeleka phantsi kwempembelelo yamaKatolika. Ukongeza, iimveliso Russian ethengiswa kwimarike Polovtsian, umzekelo, e Trabzon kunye Derbent.

Imvelaphi Historical "Lay"

Uhlalutyo i "Wabekeleni" ibonisa ukuba lo msebenzi wadalwa kule minyaka xa eRashiya waba zahlulo ezahlukeneyo.

Meaning Kiev njengeziko Russian womhlaba ngexesha phantse shwaka. ubulawuli Russian baba States eqhiwukileyo, bodwa ezweni labo iqhotyoshelwe kwi- Council of Liubech ngo-1097.

Isivumelwano ekugqitywe phakathi abathetheli kuloo nkongolo, olwaludiliziwe, yonke imizi emikhulu baqalisa balangazelela geqe. Kodwa bambalwa baye baqaphela ukuba iRussia kufuneka ukhuselwe, ukuba iintshaba sele uza kuvela macalana onke. Polovtsy waphakama waza waqalisa ukuya kulwa nxamnye nabantu Russian.

Phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-11, baye uyayenza kuyingozi enkulu. "Lay", uhlalutyo apho sizama ukwenza, ibali malunga yokungqubana ezibuhlungu Russian kunye Polovtsian.

Russian ayikwazanga kakuhle mchaseni Polovtsy ngenxa yokuba nako bayavumelana nawo. ngokuxabana Constant buthathaka amandla kukarhulumente kanye enkulu Russian. Ewe, ngeli xesha eRashiya lafika uqoqosho, kodwa ebulungelelanisile off ngenxa yokuba amakhonkco phakathi kwiifama ezahlukeneyo baba buthathaka.

Ngeli xesha kukho ukusekwa okuthe abafowunelwa phakathi kwabantu Russian. Russia ulungiselela ukuba uhlangane kungekudala kwenye, kodwa izinto ezininzi kakhulu yingxaki ngeli xesha.

Umbhali wale piece ubhala kuphela malunga inyathelo Russian emkhosini nxamnye Polovtsy. Uthanda ubuhle emaqeleni zabo zomthonyama kunye namahlathi, sithi ndijonge zasendle zakule. Ukuba uhlaziyo "Wabekeleni", uhlobo kulo zidlala indima enkulu. Kuyanceda ukuba Prince Igor ukubaleka ekuthinjweni, babuyele imida eRashiya. Umoya, ilanga kunye nomlambo Dnepr abe namahlakani akhe iphambili endleleni ukusuka ekhaya ubukumkani Polovtsian.

Ukuchana "Lay"

Phantse ngoko nangoko emva "Lay" yashicilelwa, yaqala ukubonakala sithandabuze ubunyani bayo. Ukususela ngqangi yalo msebenzi kutshiswa ngumlilo ngo-1812, emva koko ukuhlalutya kunye nesifundo kwakukho kuphela uhlelo lokuqala eshicilelweyo kunye ikopi ngqangi.

Abaphandi imibuzo into yokuba imveliso lolokwenene, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Isibakala ukuba akukwazeki ukufumanisa ukuba ngubani umbhali, yaye okwesibini, kwisiqalo yezinye imisebenzi ngelo xesha, "ULizwi" Kwakumnandi gqitha, kwabonakala yenzeka ukuba kwinkulungwane ye-12 kwaba lula ukubhala oku.

Ngowe-1963, enye edumileyo imbali figure A. A. Zimin wacebisa ngokuhlalutya "Wabekeleni" Ilizwi Svetoslav egolide, awanenzelayo kwabonakala olukrokrisayo ukuba imveliso ngenkulungwane ye-18 wabhala Joel Bykovsky, nelalisakuba-Archimandrite uMsindisi isigodlo Yaroslavl.

Kodwa kungekudala kukho ubungqina entsha sokunyaniseka "Wabekeleni". ubungqina elingenakuphikiswa oku yaba «Codex Cumanicus», ulwimi Dictionary Polovtsian, eyathi yaqulunqwa ngenkulungwane ye-13 emva kwexesha. Yathengwa kanye Italian Imbongi omkhulu Francesco Petrarca. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba "uLizwi" ukuboleka qho ulwimi Polovtsian, oko kukuthi, amazwi Polovtsian. La mazwi inokufumaneka iCodex Cumanicus. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba abantu Polovtsian ezinjalo abasekho kumaXesha Aphakathi. Ngoko ke, kule meko ukuguqula awukwazi ukwenziwa. Sele kwinkulungwane elinesibhozo, akukho namnye eRashiya Polovtsy besingazi kutheni uncamathisele amagama Polovtsian kwisicatshulwa umsebenzi abakwazanga.

Uhlalutyo i "Wabekeleni" Ilizwi legolide wathi Academician Likhachev, esebenzisa iCodex Cumanicus wazisa igalelo elikhulu ekufundweni iincwadi Russian. kakhulu Ukuqhubekela Codex Cumanicus kwakungenakwenzeka: inyani kukuba esi sichazi-magama iye ukudlulisela yi Petrarch ngo-1362 kuloo ndlu yecawa of San Marco e Venice, apho yayigcinwe de 1828. Kulo nyaka, i-German Orientalist Julius Heinrich Klaproth wafumana le ncwadi kwaye ishicilelwe. Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba iCodex Cumanicus familiarized baseMpumalanga Russian.

Indawo yokubhala "Lay"

Uhlalutyo i "Lay" ithi ukuba lo msebenzi izele luthando ilizwe Russian kunye nabantu bayo. Beka le piece yokubhala - kusenokwenzeka ukuba Novgorod. Yaye kudala Novgorodian wakhe. Oku kugwetywa kwigama dialectal ukuba iwele "uLizwi," uze isetyenziswa Novgorod. La ngamagama afana "Karna Osmomysl, haraluzhny, Goreslavich".

"Wabekeleni" - uhlalutyo lo msebenzi ubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba umbhali inzalelwane Novgorod. Yena ukhankanya idolophu Dudutki, owathi ke kufuphi Novgorod. iiyunithi emali, elibhekisela uhlahlelo "Wabekeleni 'nogata kunye ukusika, abaphengululi bafumana kuphela enye yemihla kakhulu - in Novgorod. In Hypatian kunye Laurentian ibonisa of akukho mazwi. Patronymic Goreslavich and Osmomysl abakhankanywe "Lay", nabo yafunyanwa abaphandi Novgorod yesandla ezinde amaxolo.

imvelaphi Northern lombhali ye "Amagama" uqinisekiswe yokuba izibane emantla ezikhankanywe kule ncwadi. Ngoncedo kaThixo ibonakalaliswe Prince Igor, indlela ekhaya ekuthinjweni. Mhlawumbi, nombhali "Amagama" batyelela Arctic Circle waza wabona apho ezimibalabala aurora.

Ukufundwa "Wabekeleni"

"Wabekeleni", uhlalutyo leyo umdla kakhulu kubo bonke abafundi beli msebenzi yoncwadi, kwenziwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane elinesibhozo, oko kukuthi, ukususela kwixesha xa ngqangi eyafunyanwa Count Musin-Pushkin. Okokuqala ne "elithi" yayingumsebenzi onzima. Okokuqala, kwafuneka iguqulelwe. Okwesibini, kwakuyimfuneko ukutolika yonke indawo engaqhelekanga, zonke izafobe ezinzima. Ingakumbi ezininzi izazinzulu abadumileyo baye bafunda "uLizwi" kwi leSoviet, phakathi kwabo - Academician Likhachev kunye A. curd. Babefuna ukubuyisela uguqulelo lokuqala "Amagama 'uze unike intsingiselo echanekileyo.

Ukufundwa "Wabekeleni 'esikolweni

"Wabekeleni" kudala kufundwe kwizikolo eziziisekondari neeyunivesithi. ukufunda kwakhe iiklasi 7, 8, 9. Ukuze ngcono ukufunda imisebenzi besebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka i drive yabonisa apho ibali imisebenzi yamandulo. Ngomhla isifundo "ULizwi" ligxininisa Yaroslavl Museum-Reserve, yaye abafundi babe nethuba lokuba baziqhelanise ezahlukeneyo izinto ezinxulumene nalo mxholo.

kuphuphume imisebenzi

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba "Wabekeleni 'ukufunda ngenyameko ixesha elide, kwisicatshulwa umsebenzi ayide icace kubaphandi bonke.

Uhlalutyo i "Lay", uhlobo apho de kube sekupheleni kwaye ayichazi, nangoku ibonisa ukuba kusafuneka ukuphonononga ngaphezulu. Kunjalo, akucaci nokuba indlela umbhali we "uLizwi" kwezilwanyana eqhelekileyo, wabhala, okanye wayecinga Cumans, ababa igama wooyise zezilwanyana. Akucacanga nangoku kutheni Prince Igor Pirogoscha watyelela ibandla e Kiev. Zonke ezi iimfihlelo nangoku elinde ukuba zihlolwe.