Uphi uLwandle lwaseAzov? Ulwandle lwaseAzov kwimaphu yaseRashiya. ECrimea, uLwandle lwaseAzov

Ulwandle lwe-Azov kwimaphu lukwindawo yamanzi ejikelezwe ngamanzi e-Atlantic Ocean. Into ekhoyo kwicala lasempuma yeYurophu. Amazwe amabini anelwandle lwase-Azov - i-Ukraine kunye neRashiya kwimimandla yabo.

Ulwazi jikelele

Ulwandle lwe-Azov lubhekwa njengelincinane kunazo zonke ehlabathini. Ubunzulu bobunzulu bawo abukho ngaphezu kweethathu ezilishumi elinesiqingatha, kwaye umyinge (ngokweengqikelelo ezahlukeneyo) ungaphakathi kwe-6.8-8 m. Endaweni apho uLwandle lwaseAzov lukhona khona, kukho ezinye izinto ezidibanisa ummandla wamanzi neLwandle lwe-Atlantic. Phakathi kwabo, i-Straits yeKerch neGibraltar, i-Bosporus kunye ne-Dardanelles kufuneka iphawulwe. Ukongeza, iinqhagamshelo zokudibanisa yiMeditera, iAegean kunye namaLwandle amnyama.

Imbali

Ngaphambili, kumaxesha amandulo, apho uLwandle lwase-Azov lukhona ngoku, akukho namanzi. Ukuzaliswa kommandla wamanzi ngokuqinisekileyo kwaqala ngo-5600 BC. E. Ngaloo xesha, uMlambo uDon ugijimela oLwandle oluMnyama ngqo kwindawo ye Kerch Strait yangoku. Kwindawo apho i-Azov Sea ifumaneka khona, kukho indawo yokuhlala ezahlukeneyo. Amagama amaninzi awo aye egameni lomlambo. Ngokomzekelo, iilali zasePraazovskaya kunye neAzov, isixeko saseAzov, esisezantsi kwelo mlambo. Don, Novoazovsk nabanye.

Isihloko

Kwixesha la mandulo, iintlanga ezahlukeneyo ezibizwa ngokuba ngummandla wamanzi ngendlela yazo. Kufuneka kuthiwa ulwandle lwabizwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Kuze kube ngoku, imvelaphi eyiyo yegama ayilunganga. Kukho iingcamango ezininzi kwi-etymology yegama loqobo elithi "iziseko":

• Igama likaNkosana Azuma, owabulawa ngo-1067;
• Igama lesizwe "i-Asiriya", eyathi yenzeke ukuba ivela kwi-Avestan kwaye ithetha "ukukhawuleza";
• Kwi-Circassian "Uzev", oku kuthetha "umqala";
• Kwigama lesiTurkey elithi "azan" - "ngaphantsi".

Emuva kwekhulu lokuqala. N. E. NgemiSebenzi yakhe uPliny, uluhlu lwezizwe zamaSkthiya, lithetha ngokuhlaliswa kwe "Asoka". Igama lifana negama elithi "ezisiseko". Kukholelwa ukuba igama lamanje lendawo yamanzi lisetyenzisiwe kwiiRussia zonyusa ukususela ekuqaleni kweli-17 leminyaka, ngenxa yombhali wePimen. Ngelo xesha, kufuneka kuthiwa okokuqala igama alizange lifumaneke kuwo wonke uLwandle lwase-Azov (kwimaphu yaseRashiya kungekude neyifumene negama, inxalenye yanamhlanje isixeko saseTaganrog). Kwaye kwaphela kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-18 igama linikezelwe kuyo yonke indawo yamanzi.

Uphando

Imbali yokufunda ummandla apho uLwandle lwase-Azov lukhona khona ngokwahlukileyo ngokwahlukileyo.

1. Indawo (yasendulo), eyahlala ngexesha likaHerodotus ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19.
2. Geological kunye neendawo. Kwaphela nge-19 leminyaka ukuya kuma-40 ekhulu lama-20.
3. Ezidibeneyo. Eli xesha laqala phakathi kwekhulu lama-20 kwaye liyaqhubeka nanamhla.

UClaudius uPtolemy wenza imephu yokuqala yommandla woLwandle lwaseAzov. I-Ukraine njengenjalo yayingekho ngoko, kwaye imeko yendawo yokuhlala ngokubhekiselele kwezinye izinto yayingacaciswanga ngokupheleleyo. UPtolemy wasungula izilungelo zokuqala zomhlaba kwimilomo, iidolophu, iindawo zokuhlala kunye neefesi. Emva koko, uGleb Svyatoslavovich, owawubusa ngo-1068 eTmutarakan, walinganisa umgama ukusuka eKerch waya eTaman kunye neqhwa. Ngelo xesha, bekuyiikhilomitha ezingama-20. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-12 nele-14, iiVenetians kunye neGenese baqala ukudweba imephu kunye nezikhokelo zokuhamba ngee-Azov ne-Black Sea.

Indawo yeendawo

Indawo apho uLwandle lwaseAzov lilala phakathi kwe-45 ° 12'30 "kunye ne-47 ° 17'30". W. No-33 ° 38 'no-39 ° 18'. I-Etc. Ubude obude beli gumbi ngamakhilomitha angama-380, kwaye ububanzi buyiikhilomitha ezingama-200. Unxweme ude ubude be-2,686 km, ububanzi bommandla wamanzi buquka indawo engama-37,800 sq. Km. I-Km (eli nani alibandakanyi izipithi kunye neziqithi, ezihanjiswa kwintsimi yeekhilomitha ezili-107.9. Ngokuhambelana neempawu zokuziphatha, into ichazwa njengelwandle elwandle. I-reservoir ibhekwa njengento engacacanga, kunye neentlambo ezisezantsi. Ulwandle lwase-Azov (kwimaphu yaseRashiya kubonakala ngokucacileyo) kude kakhulu nolwandle. Kule nxu lumene, into leyo ivela kwiqela lamaqonga ase-continental. Ebusika, uLwandle lwase-Azov lunokuthi lube lukhulu okanye lukhulu. Iqhwa ngexesha elifanayo lenziwa kwiCherch Strait. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukuqaliswa kweqhwa kuqala ngoJanuwari. Kwiminyaka ebanda, kungenzeka inyanga ngaphambili.

I-Bathmmetry

Indawo apho uLwandle lwase-Azov lwakhiwe luyahlukahlukana nokulula okuphantsi kwamanzi. Ngexesha elide ukusuka elunxwemeni, ukunyuka okuthe ngcembe kwangoko kunye nokukhawuleza kokunyuka kwenzeka. Kwinqanaba eliphambili lommandla wamanzi, bafikelela kwiimitha ezili-13. Lapha ubunzulu bukhulu. Indawo ye-isobath, esondele kumlinganiselo olinganayo, iphazamisa i-elongation yabo encinci ngasentla-mpuma ukuya kwiTaganrog Bay. Iikhilomitha ezimbini ukusuka elunxwemeni yi-isobath yeemitha ezi-5. Isuka kude kwiGulf yaseGaganrog kwaye kufuphi nomlomo weDon River. Kulo mmandla ubunzulu banda kwinqanaba elivulekileyo lenkunkuma. Emngceleni wolwandle kunye ne-bay bayifinyelela kwiimitha ezisibhozo okanye ezithoba. Umthombo ophantsi ubonakaliswa nobukho beendlela eziphakamileyo zamanzi. Zolulelwe ngasentshona (iibhanki Arabatskaya kunye neMorskaya) kwaye empuma (Železinskaya bank). Ubunzulu obuphezulu ngaphezu kwabo buyancitshiswa ukusuka kwi-8-9 ukuya kweyintathu ukuya kumitha ezintlanu. Ummandla ongaselunxwemeni ongaphantsi kwamanzi olunxwemeni olukumantla ubonakaliswa ngamanzi aphantsi kakhulu. Apha ubu bunzulu buyi-6-7 m. Unxweme olusezantsi lubuncampu obuphantsi kwamanzi. Ubunzulu beli sayithi buyi 11-13mitha. Amabhanku aseLwandle oluqhelekileyo anesihlabathi kunye nesicaba. Kodwa kwicandelo elingasentla, unako ukufumana iinduli zemvelaphi ye-volcanic, nasezindaweni ezidlulayo kwiintaba eziphambili.

Indawo yokuloba kwisitya iya kuba malunga neekhilomitha ezili-586,000. Km. Iimitha zixhomekeke kwiimimoya ezinamandla ezinomntla-mpuma nempuma-ntshona-ntshona. Intshukumo ehamba phambili yenzeka ngaselunxwemeni. Ulwalathiso lwalo lubuyela emva.

Iimeko zokushisa

Kwiimpawu ezingenamanzi zamanzi, ukuhlukahluka kwexesha lokushisa kubonakala. Ebusika, izibonakaliso zifikelela ubuncinci. NgoJanuwari-kuFebhuwari, ixabiso lisekufuphi kwinqanaba lokungqanda. Engxenyeni esezantsi yelitye, kungekude neCherch Strait, isibonda se-thermometer siphume ngaphezu kwezinga. Iqondo lokubanda kwemitha ngonyaka linama-27.5 ... + 28.5 degrees. Ehlotyeni, izibonakaliso ezifanelekileyo zifanelwe kuwo wonke umhlaba ulwandle - ukusuka kwi-+24 ukuya kuma-26 degrees. NgoJulayi, kwezinye iindawo (umzekelo, njengeCrimea) uLwandle lwaseAzov luya kufikelela kwi-+28.5 degrees. Iqondo lokushisa eliphezulu libhaliswe kwi-Primorsko-Akhtarsk. Kwakuyi-+32.5 degrees. Ngokubhekiselele ekushiseni kwexesha elide elide elide, eliphezulu liphakathi kwe-11 ° C. Ukutshintsha kwexesha eliphakathi kweli lizwe lugunyaziso lwezinga elilodwa.

Ubuncwane

Ulwandle lwe-Azov lunamacandelo e-hydrochemical. Ziye zakhiwe ngokutsha ngaphantsi kwefuthe lokunyuka komlambo (malunga ne-12% yexabiso lomthamo wamanzi). Ukongezelela, kukho utshintshiselwano lwamanzi kunye noLwandle oluMnyama. Ngaphambi kokulawulwa kweDon, ubunamanzi obuncwane obunombuzo obuncinci buphantsi kwelo lolwandle. Kathathu. Izikhombisi zihluka ukusuka kwi-1 ppm emlonyeni womlambo ukuya kwi-105 kwindawo ephambili kunye no-11.5 kwindawo esekelwe kwiCherch Strait. Ubunamanzi oLwandle lwase-Azov lwaqala ukwanda emva kokwakhiwa kwe-Tsimlyansk hydroelectric complex. Ngowe-1977, inani elilinganiselweyo liye laya kuma-13.8 ppm, kumanani aseTaganrog Bay ayencinci - 11.2. Ngethuba lobuninzi bomswakama, ukunciphisa ngokukhawuleza kweso salini kwakubonwa. Kwakuyi-10.9 ‰ ngeli xesha. Nangona kunjalo, ngonyaka ka-2000 amanani aphinde akhula, azinzile ngo-11 . Kufuneka kuthiwe kwingxenyana esenyakatho yelitye kukho ityuwa encinci, ngokungafani nendawo apho iCrimea ihlala khona. Ulwandle lwe-Azov (imephu ebonisa indawo yento, echazwe ngezantsi) kule ndawo ityebile ekutyala ityuwa. Kwakuyimigodi ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, ityuwa ephuma kule ndawo yanikela malunga nesiqingatha seemfuno zaseRashiya. Ubunamanzi bamanzi bufikelela kwixabiso eliphezulu kwixazululo - i-Sivash brine kunye namanye amachibi. Oku kubangelwa ukuphuma kwamanzi okukhulu ukusuka emanzini ehlobo. Zonke ezi ndawo ze-hypersaline ziindawo ezinkulu zokuhlaziywa kweetyuwa, okwenziwa yi-Azov Sea. I-Russia, enezinto ezi zinto, inika ubungakanani obukhulu beli mineral. Ngenxa yokuxhamla nolwandle, ukubunjwa kwe-brine yabo kufana nesakhiwo samanzi olwandle. Ngenzuzo kwi-brine kukho i-sulfates kunye ne-chloride ye-magnesium kunye ne-sodium.

Amanzi

Ulwandle lwase-Azov lubonakaliswa ngokungafihli. Kuwo onke amaxesha kwaye kwimimandla eyahlukileyo iyahluke. Iimpawu zivela kwi-0.5 ukuya kwi-8 imitha. Ukukhanya okuphantsi kubangelwe, ngokukodwa, ekufikeni kwenani elikhulu lomlambo wamadaka, ukuququzelela ngokukhawuleza kwe-silt ephantsi ngexesha lamanzi, kunye nokufumaneka kwamanzi aseplanktonic kwindawo yamanzi. Ixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu liyabonwa kwiTaganrog Bay. Kukho ubala obala kwi-0.5-0.9, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo - 2 metres. Amanzi kule ndawo angatshintsha umbala walo obala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ube ngombala obomvu. Eyona nxalenye ephambili yendawo, ngenxa yobunzulu obunzulu nangaphantsi kweempembelelo zoLwandle oluMnyama, ukukhanya ngokucacileyo kungabikho kwi-half half to two and half to eight meters. Apha amanzi anemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Phantse yonke indawo ehlotyeni, kukho ukwanda kwesobala. Kwaye kwezinye iindawo, ngenxa yokuphuhliswa kokukhawuleza kwezilwanyana ezincinci kunye nezityalo zityalo kwiindawo eziphezulu, izibonakaliso ziwela kwi-zero. Kwaye amanzi abe luhlaza. Le ngqungquthela ibizwa ngokuthi "inqabileyo yolwandle."