Ungubani Megrels? Apho bathe bahlala, ulwimi, inkcubeko

Nation Megrels - sub-yobuhlanga iqela Georgians, uhlala kakhulu kwi Samegrelo (Samargalo), ekwintshona eGeorgia. It iqulathe kwizithili yolawulo asixhenxe: Abasha, Senaki (igama Tshakaysky phantsi kolawulo yiSoviet), Khobi, Tsalenjikha, Chhorotskusky, Martvili (owayesakuba Gegechkorsky) kunye Zugdidi. Region Abase eyohlobo olulodwa, ngaphandle abambalwa ezinkulu Russian abathetha kwizixeko kaPotifera, Zugdidi kunye Senaki. Mingrelians abaninzi ohlala Gali kunye Ochamchire izithili Abkhazian Ukuzilawula Republic. Gal kubonwa ngabantu abaninzi njengenxalenye Samegrelo.

indawo

Samegrelo ke erhangqwe kwi ngasentla Abkhazia kunye kummandla weentaba ZaseSvaneti. Xa empumalanga ngasezantsi ke iphondo Georgian ka Imereti kunye Guria, kwaye entshona - noLwandle Black. 4339,2 isikweri ndawo. malunga 1260 km ke iintili emlanjeni kunye neenduli, kwaye abanye - iindawo yinduli esezantsi kolundi kunye ntaba, isikakhulu-mpuma (iindawo Tsalenjikha, Chhorotskusky kunye Marvilsky). Ekuqaleni kunxweme engumgxobhozo kunye Rioni umlambo elisentlanjeni umhlaba osisityebi, bazibonise izityalo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka neyesilika, yesitrasi necuba. In nelezihlambo sezulu kunye amaqondo ezisuka amaxabiso abangenagama Disemba 4-5 ° C de Julayi 23-24 ° C. Ubusika musa zihlala ngaphezu kwenyanga. Kwiindawo entabeni iqatsela, ngakumbi ebusika (-6 - -2 ° C ngoJanuwari). Imvula yonyaka Megrelia - ukususela 1500 ukuya 2300 mm.

sabantu

labemi Samegrelo ngo-1939 ngokusesikweni 323.811 abantu. Kongezwe abahlali Abkhazia kunye nezinye iinxalenye Georgia, ogama ubuzwe - Megrels, ngokutsho ezinye iingqikelelo eli nani ngo-1941 wayesondele 500 000. Ngowe-1979, abemi ezisemthethweni mmandla yaba ku 405 500 abantu, okanye i-10%. Yabantu baseGeorgia. . 145 amawaka, okanye 32%, wahlala emizini 5 no-5 zokuhlala ezinkulu ( "dadebi"), abanye - kwiilali 370. Kwi-1926 census, apho "Megrels" yesizwe accounted for ngokwahlukileyo, abantu 242.990. Babevakalelwa njengoko Megrels kunye 284.834 zathi Mingrelian ilulwimi lwabo lwenkobe. Ukususela ngoko, akukho Uqikelelo esemthethweni ziye zaqhutywa.

ukubandakanya olumnandi

Megrel inxulumene iilwimi Kartvelian (South abaseAfrika) kwaye ayikho enye ecacileyo Georgian. Uninzi yiSoviet ababesakuba ezinye iingcali Western cinga Mingrelian, kunye Laz, isebe olwahlukileyo usapho South abaseAfrika, eyaziwa ngokuba Megrelo-Chansk okanye iqela Zan. Isazinzulu Soviet Chikobava ukwahlula phakathi iziyelelane ezinxulumene ngokusondeleyo ezimbini Mingrelian: Western, Samurzakan-Zugdidi, kunye empuma - Senaki. Ulwimi sele kungekho ulwimi olubhaliweyo, yaye nangona Megrels uthethe ngayo ekhaya, bamthabatha Georgian (Kartuli) njengoko zoncwadi. Akukho zikolo ulwimi, iincwadi kunye namaphephandaba, nangona kubekho iinzame periodic ukudala ulwimi zoncwadi ekupheleni kwethuba tsarist nasekuqaleni Soviet. Mingrelian ebesoloko olunye lweelwimi ezininzi kuxoxwe eMzantsi abaseAfrika. Namhlanje, uphando olunzulu lwe lwemveli lwengingqi. Ulwimi Georgian ke iqashiso ishishini kunye norhulumente. Inani labantu okuba Mingrelian, kunciphise, yaye abaninzi balapha Bazibona Georgians.

A ukungaqondi eqhelekileyo

Abanye bathi ukuba Megrels - amaYuda Georgian. Kakade ke, oko akunjalo. AmaYuda Georgian wafika kweli lizwe ngo-586 BC. e. wahlala kulo lonke nommandla wayo. Ngowe-1971, baye baqalisa Aliyah babo ngobuninzi kuSirayeli ngenxa apho inani labo lihlile ukusuka 55 400 abantu 3200 ngo-2010

Ungubani Megrels?

Endonym "Margali," kubonakala ukuba ziboniswe igama lesiGrike Μάνραλοι, leyo Ptolemy kwi BC kwinkulungwane II. e. iintlanga ukuthini Colchis. imbali Mingrelians enxulumene mmandla, lowo ubesazeka ukuba amaGrike amandulo namaRoma njengoko Lasik okanye Colchis kunye Georgians yasentshona njengoko Egrisi. Ekhulwini XIV. Waba ubukumkani ingumbuso hlukanisa indlu yalo abathetheli Dadiani ebizwa Odishi. Le ndawo kwathiwa Mingrelia kuphela kwinkulungwane XIX. Uye bekusoloko kukho inxalenye karhulumente ezinkulu Georgian zenkcubeko nezopolitiko, ubukhulu becala ngenxa GOC. Noko ke, maxa, Megrelia waba phantsi impembelelo ezahlukeneyo zenkcubeko xa kuthelekiswa oriental Georgian (Kakhetinians kunye Kartlis) owahluliweyo kwimimandla asentshona (Imeretia) Leahy Ridge. IsiGrike, amaRoma baseByzantium Empire baba negalelo elikhulu kakhulu kwi Western eGeorgia. Ekhulwini XVII. eli lizwe yahlulwa phakathi wasePersi kunye Ottoman. Inxalenye esentshona, kuquka Samegrelo, yayilawulwa kumazibuko, kunye nenxalenye esempuma wasePersi. Icawa kwakhona yahlulwe ezimbini, kunye Samegrelo, leyo babenziwe zetyeleba namasiko imiqobo bayo, waba izinto ingumbuso, de ekugqibeleni waziswa phantsi kokhuselo Russia ngo-1804 njengoko kumhlaba elizimeleyo. Le status wabhangiswa emva kwimvukelo nabalimi Mingrelian ngo-1856-1857 gg., Wayithimba ikomkhulu kummandla Zugdidi. Ngowe-1867, i-uBukhosi Russian ukuba kubhangise ukubusa. Phantsi amagunya Russian yingxaki seengcongconi esinzulu isonjululwe ekufunxeni i nezimbuku. Kweli thuba ukususela ngo-1918 ukuya 1921. Samegrelo ibiyinxenye Georgia elizimeleyo. Ngowe-1921 yaba yinxalenye ye-USSR.

Malunga ngubani na Megrels qhalo wabonisa kukuba ngquzulwano ngaphambili phakathi kwabo kunye nabamelwane babo abambalwa. nokwenziwa babo Georgians, ukuze kukhawuleze kwinkulungwane XIX phantsi kwempembelelo maxesha emva kokuba nokudliwa yiSoviet lwagqitywa. Amanye amalinge nesiqingatha abantliziyo ukumisela ukuzimela kwiBolsheviks ndawo akuphumelelanga. Relations phakathi kwiAbkhaz kunye Megrels oxutywe kwimimandla ekumzantsi Abkhazia yayigcwele nkqubo Georgianisation, eyayibanjelwe Mingrelian Lavrenty Beria ngo-1940 no-1950. Ungquzulwano phakathi Georgian yasekuhlaleni (ekukhethwa Megrels) kunye Abkhazians yenzekile ngexesha-1960 no-1970. NgoJulayi 1989, kukho ungquzulwano wamagazi e Abkhazia, zibangelwa neemfuno kusungulwe Abkhazia; Bangaphezu kwama-20 babulawa. Megrels, imbonakalo yomzimba kunye nolwimi zahluke kakhulu ukusuka umphandle kunye yesiGeorgia, ziyalicekisa iingcebiso okuzimela zezopolitiko inkxaso nomzabalazo geqe eGeorgia.

zokuhlala

Nangona izinga eliphezulu ezidolophini, inkoliso Mingrelians bahlala kwimimandla yasemaphandleni. Ukuxinana okuphezulu kwabemi emathafeni azizange zatshintsha kakhulu isakhiwo zokuhlala. Ekhaya, bahlala apho Megrels, kufuneka ezabo iyadi zabo ebiyelweyo kunye izakhiwo, sise umgama ukusuka komnye. Le lali ingafikelela ngenxa leekhilomitha eziliqela. zokuhlala ngaphambili babebizwa amaqela tribal lubalaseleyo. Namhlanje, abahlali nomnombo ekwabelwana isekhona nako ukuhlala kwenye inxalenye yale lali. Izindlu ngcono kakhulu, xa kuthelekiswa ne izakhiwo abangekaphuhli somthi okanye yodongwe kweenkulungwane edlulileyo, ezifana Amhara, dzhargvala kunye godora. Mingrelians ezininzi ezisemaphandleni namhlanje bahlala ezinemigangatho emibini izindlu ngomthi kunye lwezitena kunye okulala kumgangatho wesibini kunye nezithuba zoluntu (ikhitshi, indawo yokugcina) emhlabeni. Emizini Samegrelo-5. Eyona inkulu kubo - Zugdidi, kaPotifera kunye Senaki - i umxube nemizi kunye izakhiwo zokuhlala, eyenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo yamagumbi ezimbini kwizakhiwo ezinemigangatho-5-6.

umnotho

Malunga ngubani na Megrels uthe umsebenzi yabo yezoqoqosho, nto leyo ikakhulu kusekelwe kwezolimo. Ngokwemveli, abahlali badla Gomi (Panicum italicum) kunye, ukususela kwinkulungwane XVIII, ingqolowa, ethi namhla kuhlala isityalo engundoqo, nangona umhlaba etyebileyo sezulu kukhokelele kuphuhliso yemveliso elikhulu-isikali iti kunye yesitrasi. Georgia bahlinzeke eSoviet Union ngaphezu kwama-90% abantu basekhaya 97% leti lwawo, uninzi lwayo ezilinywa Samegrelo. Iihagu, iinkomo neegusha zibalulekile. In Samegrelo baza iwayini, ubusi kunye netshizi. Usapho kule lali iyunithi ezisisiseko kwezoqoqosho. KaPotifera elichweba enkulu. isiseko Naval iqhele khona, kuba ixesha elide wenza ivaliwe umzi.

yezandla

Ngokwemveli, inkoliso iintsapho e Samegrelo wenza ukwaluka isilika nomqhaphu. Kwakhona kuphuhliswa ibhaskiti ukwaluka ke, izitya zomdongwe kunye nokuveliswa impahla ngamaplanga. Hlobo yenza iikhaphethi uboya kunye nempahla. Namhlanje, yezandla iintsomi kuqhubeka, nangona kwisikali ezincinane kakhulu.

trade

Ngaphambili Megrels Georgian odumileyo urhwebo lwabo art kunxweme yoLwandle Black. Namhlanje, urhwebo ilawulwa ngurhulumente babathwalela ngaphandle izitora Western-isimbo, nangona kuzo zonke iindawo ezisezidolophini, kukho iimalike emoyeni evulekileyo kunye neemarike zabucala ngaphakathi, apho amafama bendawo bathengise imveliso yabo.

division of labour

Xa yemveli yoluntu amadoda Megrelia inkunzi nemazi iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zithathwa nje elinikiweyo. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, iyantlukwano ngokwesini yabasebenzi kwagxininiswa ekuzalweni, xa inkwenkwe lavunyelwa ukuba bachukumise ikhuba nekrele, kunye namantombazana - a ప్రదాత umniki, okanye isikere. imisebenzi Agricultural zohlukile, nangona amadoda namabhinqa wayesebenza emasimini. ukusetyenziswa mishini, ezifana itshizi kwezigqibo, ukucoca, ukupheka, ukukhathalela abantwana, nokuluka, baba phantse kuphela iimbopheleleko ababhinqileyo. Abantu benza zomdongwe, iingobozi lazo nokwenza izinto zasekhitshini, kodwa umfazi - kwaye becinga njalo - ke wayengumnikazi ndlu. Namhlanje, sex siethe into sisaxakekile wasendlini, ngoxa abantu benza ulungiso indlu, ukunceda ukwenza iintengo, ukusa kumkhamo othile, ukuthatha unonophelo lwabantwana. Amantombazana ngaphambi komtshato imisebenzi yasekhaya ukukhanya. Ukwandisa inani labasetyhini abaqeshiweyo ubonisa equity zabo ekhaya.

lokuqesha umhlaba

Ngeli xesha yiSoviet ilizwe Samegrelo ophethwe ngurhulumente ngokohlobo lweefama ezidityanelweyo. zabucala ubunini bomhlaba ezincinane, imiyezo kunye neegadi zemifuno iye yasonjululwa, kwaye nexesha elininzi lichithwe kwi imisebenzi yezolimo. Emva kokuba ukutshintsha ngamandla kwiifama Georgia ezazinawo ngokuzithandela kwaye zentengiso ilizwe.

ubudlelwane

Iqela ibalulekileyo nomini apha kwikhaya nezihlobo. Megrels imvelaphi igama layo nangokusesikweni zixabisa kakhulu. clan nganye inayo umxhasi ongcwele kunye nophawu. Megrels amagama abo kuphela kwi - (a) I -ya kunye -ava. Society na patrilocal, kwamadoda patrilineal. imigca nomini esekelwe kubudlelwane usapho phakathi kwamadoda exogamous. Ukongeza, kukho ubudlelwane ezibalulekileyo ngumntu usapho, ezifana nobisi nomini abantwana abo ibele ibe nomfazi omnye, ngokuba nomini (wayenayo lunokwenzeka phakathi abafazi), kwakunye ubume godparents, nangona kuphela ezimbini zokugqibela kusekho eqhelekileyo . Nangona amabhinqa bavame umtshato nokugcina igama lakhe intombi, abantwana ukuba igama likayise. Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba izinto zenkcubeko lomgca umzali zangaphambili kufunyanwa kuluntu Georgian kwaye Megrelian, njengoko kubonisiwe amanye amasiko enkolo kunye owakha zolwimi. iinkalo Mingrelian kwesilisa oluntu aye ngandlel buthathaka, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezisezidolophini. Ukungabikho iindlalifa kwamadoda akusekho yintlekele zentlalo, ulwalamano mazwe kuxhaphaka ukubuyisela ubudlelwane usapho kuphela neenkunzi abahlala nabazali umtshakazi lowo unokuthatha indawo ngaphandle ibala loluntu.

Umtshato nentsapho

Ngokwemveli, umtshato amalungiselelo nokuba kuzalwa umzalwana omdala lomtshakazi okanye umalume wakhe koomama. Umtshato ayikwazanga kuqhubeka ukuba sibini igama mnye, kwaba kuhlangene nomini ngumntu okanye behlelo sodidi efanayo. Ngaphandle kwimeko yokugqibela, imithetho ihlala isebenza namhlanje. Umtshato ne belali wasinda, intombi endala sisoloko abatshatayo kuqala. Kwisithuba sonyaka omnye emva kokuba betshatile, isibini kushada ayikwazanga ukunxibelelana nabanye esidlangalaleni. Iminyaka yobudala avareji womtshato kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni wayeneminyaka eli-13 ukuya kweli-14, yaye umtshakazi nokuxhwilwa esamkelekileyo, ukuba inani waphawula lwemithetho ezintsonkothileyo. Imitshato Modern nje amalungiselelo, kwaye nangona kwisibini ukufumana atshate kwangethuba yaye kungekudala emva kokuba nabantwana, ngoku yobudala engama-17. Kulindeleke ukuba abasetyhini bahlale benyulu de batshate. Uqhawulo akufane kube njalo, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, kodwa kulula ukufumana, kunye amalungelo abasetyhini ezindaweni zonke axhwarhe ayahlonitshwa kwaye akhuselwe ngumthetho. ngokusesikweni umtshato zonqulo, kodwa izibini sitshate ebandleni. Emva kokuba patrilocality igumbi yomtshato. Ifom ephambili zolawulo ukuzalwa isisu.

kwabendlu

Iintsapho ezinkulu angumthombo sokusebenzisana kwezoqoqosho nangokweemvakalelo. Baya zisaxhathisile kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni Samegrelo, kodwa eli lungiselelo, ingakumbi, ezinxulumene abazalwana abatshatileyo, enika indlela eya kusapho ngakumbi eliqingqiweyo, nto leyo ibandakanya nootatomkhulu kunye nabazalwana abangatshatanga kunye noodade. izihlobo Vala nangoku zithanda ukuphila ebumelwaneni. Kwiindawo ezisezidolophini, kukho umkhwa ukwenza usapho yenyukliya.

lifa

Ngokwembali, umhlaba kunye zepropati ilifa ngokusebenzisa umgca eyindoda, ingakumbi phakathi bazalwana, nangona abafazi unelungelo lokuba ethile kwipropati yabucala zobuqu. imithetho Modern inkxaso ilifa amabini, nangona urhulumente azifane ingenelela kwimeko imiba enjalo, eyayiqwalaselwe kwisifundo collective kwezigqibo amaqabane ilungu oswelekileyo yekhaya kunye nezihlobo. Yamafa akuvamanga azotywe.

elihle kwezentlalo

Abantwana iziko ubomi bentsapho. Kids kunqabile kohlwaywa ngokwasemzimbeni. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, abantwana ukhulele ngendlela ukuthobela indima yesini yemveli. La makhwenkwe bayakhuthazwa ngqongqo kwaye ukukwazi ukukhwela ihashe, ukuzingela kunye umpu; amantombazana ezilungiselelwe izindlu zokuhlala. igunya likayise ngokuthe ngqo, ngokunjalo ukuhlonipha abazali namadlozi. Le mizekelo, apho amahashe indawo ziimoto, unanamhla lomelele, nokusetyenziswa kwazo luxanduva yonke intsapho. Urhulumente uqalisa ukuthatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo elihle kwezentlalo, apho abantwana baya esikolweni kwiminyaka 7. Ufikisa uqala intshayelelo kulawulo ndyangu ntsapho.

umbutho Socio-yezopolitiko

Samegrelo, njengenxalenye yangaphambili Georgian yiSoviet Socialist Republic kunye eSoviet Union kwaba phantsi kolawulo Communist Party. Iingingqi eziquka Megrelia, onyulwe Ephakamileyo yiSoviet ye-Georgian SSR kunye nabathunywa kumabhunga zabo zengingqi kunye nesixeko. Lo mmandla waba akukho ukumelwa eyahlukileyo okanye ukuzimela, ngokungafaniyo Abkhazia, Ajaria noMzantsi Ossetia, ngamnye abameli "zesizwe" yeBhunga kwiintlanga. Emva konyulo ngurhulumente non-yobukomanisi Georgia ngo-Oktobha 1990. Indima ndawonye kwimicimbi yasekuhlaleni lehla kakhulu yaye indawo ngamanye amaqela.

nohlelo lwezentlalo

Ubume iklasi Samegrelo kuyinto professional. class Upper ezimhlophe-ikhola abantu ezidolophini abafundileyo unawo amandla ezininzi kummandla yi Communist Party kunye nezinye izakhiwo karhulumente okanye zezolawulo. Imfundo kunye nomsebenzi ithwala iwonga eliphezulu kwiiofisi. uluntu lwasemaphandleni lubonwa njengento "wephondo", ngoxa iintsapho zasemaphandleni nehlonitshwayo ukulondolozwa kwabo ngeendlela zakwaNtu zobomi.

ngumbutho wezopolitiko

imibutho ebalulekileyo endle baba emaphandleni, amabhunga zasezidolophini kunye ezithili kunye nemibutho iqela lasekuhlaleni. Tips zatshintshwa ngamaqumrhu ezimele wengingqi self-government. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, ibhunga lali kwakukho abaninzi non-wesithathu, nangona esixekweni kumgangatho wesithili, njengoko umthetho, kwase uninzi. Namhlanje last alawulwa ngurhulumente weengingqi okanye unyulo okanye kwizikhundla zolawulo. Baye indawo ngabameli ngamaqela lizimele.

ulawulo loluntu

kwengxabano, nokugcina ivumile ukubonelela ngemfundo non-formal ezifana usapho, kwidolophana kunye iqela labalingane le, kwakunye nemibutho esesikweni, efana iqela, izikolo, zamatyala, iinkundla. Iinkundla sithathele bezithili kunye namanqanaba kamasipala. Wenziwe kwaye khupha seshoni, leyo ahlole zokusebenza kunye kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. akhethwa Zonke abagwebi, yaye ngaphambili phantse bekusoloko amalungu Communist Party.

ingxabano

abantu Megrels bekusoloko phambili ungquzulwano Georgian nabamelwane Muslim. Turks izihlandlo eziliqela nisithimbile mmandla, ngexesha lokugqibela ngo-1918. Baye uphikisana kunye nezinye iinxalenye Georgia ngexesha imizabalazo dynastic kunye nabalimi neziphithiphithi kwi XIX nasekuqaleni XX eminyaka. Kweli xesha yiSoviet, zobuzwe baba engephi. NgoJulayi 1989, iziganeko kwimimandla ekumzantsi Abkhazia, Noko ke, mandundu kakhulu ubudlelwane kwiAbkhaz-Mingrelian.

iinkolelo noqheliselo lonqulo

Eyona kolo Samegrelo, kwanjengaphakathi kwezinye Georgia - Orthodox Georgian. I-Orthodox kuba izwe autocephalous. Ngaphambili, clan ngamnye uphethe eyakhe umxhasi saint yayo nesimboli (dzhindzhihati), ezo zasetyenziselwa ephilela ngokomoya. St. George waba izinto ezibaluleke ezingcwele kunye nenani layo okuthiwa egcinwe kwi Mingrelian iicawa ezininzi engcwele kwilali Ilori. Archangeloi UMichael Gabriel (athi ngamanye amaxesha banqula njenge lungu elilodwa) Kwakhona waba lilungu aphezulu Megrelia; kwezinye abangcwele babe kwiindawo ezithile yobungcali neeholide zabo zisoloko ehlonelwa. Umnyhadala kunye neenkolelo kumaxesha angaphambi kobuKristu zixubene kunye imisitho yonqulo. Ngaphambili Megrels bakholwa imimoya ehlathini kunye nezinye oothixo babahedeni. Elements of iinkolelo hlobo kwezinye izithethe kunye neenkolelo ezingqonge yokuzalwa, umtshato, ukufa, New Year okanye zemibhiyozo lokuvuna. Megrels azikho ngokupheleleyo amarhamente athembekileyo, lo gama umgaqo-nkqubo omtsha zobunene kwi unqulo unobangela ngenkolo, njengokuba kwenye eGeorgia.

art

Malunga abo Megrels uthi art lwabo - local amadoda aziwa polyphonic babo becula i capella, neengoma nemidaniso, ngoxa isimbo Georgian, babe neempawu zabo. Unique izixhobo zendawo zomculo, ezifana larhemi ( "nekalamo", uhlobo lwe-mbande), ngoku shwaka.

amayeza

Colchis, inxalenye leyo Samegrelo, dumile phakathi amaGrike amandulo kunye imithi yabo. Imihlola Medea wazalelwa apha. Amachiza amaninzi ethandwayo isekhona, ezinye zazo ziye yafakwa amayeza Georgian yanamhlanje. Uninzi Mingrelian uncamela amayeza mihla kuthelekiswa yemveli. amabhinqa ambalwa kakhulu ngoku bebeleka ekhaya.

ukufa

Ukufa Samegrelo isijwili ngokukhululekileyo ngokuzimisela. Kuzo zombini iingingqi zasemaphandleni nezasedolophini ukufa lugxininisa nomini kunye nomanyano lwentsapho. Intsapho womfi uya uncedo lwemali. yamasiko abaninzi ezingqonge inkonzo yesikhumbuzo kwaye nokungcwatywa, nangoku ohlonelwayo. Nequmrhu zixolelwe iintsuku ezine, apho kungekho kutya endlwini ayikho lilungile, nangona izalamane nabahlobo undwendwe umbutho ngumzila. isidlo Memorial nayo kubanjwa ngomhla wamashumi omane, unyaka emva kokufa. Ngokwemveli kwisizalwane esisondeleyo inkunzi bangayichebi okanye usebenze ngeMigqibelo kulo nyaka. Uyalila unokuthatha ukusuka kwiminyaka eli-10 ukuya kweli-15, apho ukuzisa iminikelo engcwabeni, amakhandlela kunye nemveliso. In Mingrelians kananjalo elilingana neli imini yonke kwabafileyo (suntaoba), xa iintsapho atyelela amangcwaba nezalamane.