Uncedo Ukraine: omsebenzi osemqoka, iinkalo eziphambili neempawu

isiqabu Ukraine kaThixo ezahlukeneyo. Kukho phantse yonke into: kwiintaba amathafa, nemiqolomba, anamandla, uhlala lezixhobo yaye iindunduma zentlabathi! Ziintoni iimpawu eziphambili isiqabu ka Ukraine? Iiminerali zeziphi iintlobo, ndineemfesane kweli lizwe? Funda ngayo kweli nqaku.

Ingakumbi Ukraine kunye neefom yayo yoncedo engundoqo

Uninzi ilizwe phakathi isakhiwo elikhulu - eMpuma European Plain. Kuphela entshona ekupheleni komzantsi ka Ukraine ayafika iintaba medium of ukuphakama. Lilonke, malunga nama-95% yommandla - zithabazi, kunye% 5 kuphela abemi iintaba kunye massifs.

Iimpawu isiqabu ka Ukraine akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ukukhankanya yayo indawo ephezulu lisezantsi kumphezulu womhlaba. Ngoko, kwi Ukrainian Carpathians, kumda yolawulo imimandla Transcarpathian kunye Ivano-Frankivsk, kuba le ntaba iphakamileyo kweli lizwe - Goverla. ukuphakama kwawo okukhulu imitha 2061. Nyaka ngamnye, amawaka abantu Ukraine enyukayo summit yayo. Kodwa malunga Kuyal'nitskogo ichweba (kummandla Odessa), lelona nqanaba lisezantsi Ukraine (thabatha iimitha ezi-5 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle).

ngaphantsi komhlaba kwi kummandla Ukraine mihla kwasekwa kwizigidi zeminyaka, ngokuba namathuba amaninzi zejoloji. uphuhliso awo zaphenjelelwa iintshukumo zomhlaba kunye glaciations zakutshanje kunye namandla ngakumbi. Ngenxa ukwakheka ka Ukraine yenza uphando enkulu kunye nomdla wokwenene. Kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini kokuba ushiye uphawu ayo kunye nemisebenzi yabantu enogonyamelo.

Forms of Uncedo Ukraine emangalisayo. Kukho iintaba neentlambo, nezihlambo kunye uplands. Karst, ithambeka, aeolian, ukhukuliseko olubangwa ngamanzi, glacial kunye biogenic - zonke ezi ntlobo isiqabu zifumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kweli lizwe.

iimpawu ngokubanzi isimo se Ukraine

Ngokwemiqathango orography wonke kummandla Ukraine lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe iinxalenye ezimbini: ibhanki ekunene, nto leyo ilawulwa ephakame olungagungqiyo kwama-200 mitha, kwaye ibhanki ekhohlo, ukuphakama olungagungqiyo oko akufane mitha ngaphezulu kwama-200 ngentla komgangatho wolwandle.

Ezona mpawu ziphambili zale isiqabu kwinxalenye lasekunene-yebhanki Ukraine - yintabalala weenduli, umahluko ebonakalayo yokuphakama phezu kwendawo, okubalulekileyo ukusasazwa ngeendlela karst. Phezu kodonga lasekhohlo ngabona iindawo elungelelaniswe zehlabathi umphezulu, oneentlambo aphuhliswe kakuhle kwaye womnatha exineneyo nemiwonyo.

Phantse isahlulo yonke esemantla Ukraine awayephantsi Polesye esesihlanjeni, kunye ezinobude avareji kweemitha 100-250. Kuphela kumantla Zhytomyr limi iinkuni Slovechansko-Ovruch kunye kubude obungaphezulu kweemitha 316. Phakathi amahlathi kunye imigxobhozo zonke zomhlaba nelezihlambo rhoqo glacial kunye aeolian.

Uninzi Ukraine Koloni lwenzeka Podolsk inkangala, kwakunye nenani massifs ephantsi-ntaba (Voronyaki, Gologory kunye nabanye). Apha ke ibekwe kunye Khotyn inkangala kunye kwindawo eliphezulu inxalenye tyaba yelizwe - intaba Byrd (515 eemitha).

Le ukukhululeka kwimpuma Ukraine kungenxa tyaba. Le usenza intw dilutes kancinci i seDonetsk Ridge, Azov kunye inkangala, loza ukuba ndingenile kulo ilizwe kumntla-mpuma. Phantse yonke kumzantsi Ukraine (kwakunye njengoko inxalenye esemntla-siqithi iCrimea) ithatha olubanzi Black Sea Nama, avareji ukuphakama yahluka phakathi kweemitha 80-120.

Isiqabu of Ukraine inikwa nje kuphela kumathafa, kodwa ezintabeni. Xa kude ngasentshonalanga lizwe zibekwe Ukrainian Carpathians, eliquka nasentshonalanga eziliqela macala ngaxeshanye.

Ngokufutshane malunga imithombo yezimbiwa yeli lizwe

Ukraine phakathi kwamazwe top alishumi ihlabathi ngokuthi koovimba zizonke kwezibonelelo kwezimbiwa. Ubutyebi iphambili kweli lizwe - le ore yentsimbi ezinomthamo ophezulu Ferrum. iidipozithi yayo ziqwalaselwa ngaphakathi kryvbas. imigodi ekrwada lwenziwa ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX.

Ngokubanzi, eUkraine kukho ngaphezu-20 amawaka iidipozithi of ngaphezu amakhulu yezimbiwa ezahlukeneyo. Phakathi kwabo, amalahle, lignite, nangesulfure, igesi yendalo, potassium ityuwa, intsimbi kunye manganese sisimbiwa, phosphorites, granites, Marl, evuthiweyo kunye nabanye.

Isimo sendawo zendalo izibonelelo Ukraine ziyajongwa kakhulu kunxulumene. Ngenxa yoko, loovimba eziphambili amalahle ziqwalaselwa ngaphakathi seDonetsk uluhlu, oyile negesi - Poltava ethafeni. Ngu projections isihlangu crystalline kwi Dnieper inkangala yagcina imali enkulu ekrwada zentsimbi kunye manganese. Nedra Podolsk inkangala esisityebi kakhulu ezahlukeneyo zokwakha ekrwada.

Podolsk inkangala

Podolsk inkangala - isakhiwo orographic, emi malunga ne-15% ye kummandla Ukraine. loza ngakumzantsi wayo nabo beze kummandla eselumelwaneni Moldova. Ingongoma eliphezulu kweleentaba - Mount Kamuli (471 eemitha). I-avareji yehla kweemitha 300-350.

ephezulu Podolsky ibandakanya ikakhulu lekalika, ilitye shale kunye Marl. Ngoko ke, apha bethatha geni iintlobo zezixhobo zokwakha. Xa isiqabu yenduli zibonwa ngokucacileyo kwimiboniso ngamnye: Opole, Gologory, Voronyaki, iintaba Kremenets, Tovtry kunye nabanye.

Ngaphakathi Ukrainian Podillya eqhelekileyo kakhulu Karst. Kuphela ezantsi kummandla Ternopil, kukho malunga 100 nemiqolomba. Phakathi kwawo ke gypsum mqolomba inde eYurophu - Nethemba. Ubude lilonke inxeba lalo Kuqikelelwa ukuba iikhilomitha ezingama-250.

Sea Black emathafeni

Black Sea gorilla uphethe phantse yonke kumazantsi eUkraine, osusela kaIshmayeli ukuba Berdyansk. Kuyinto tyaba kwaye ukuthambeka kancinane ngaselwandle Plain kunye ezinobude avareji kweemitha 80-120.

Ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi ukunqumla nezihlambo intlambo imilambo emithathu emikhulu - i Dnieper, Dniester kunye Bug Southern. Xa watersheds ezi milambo kukho iindlela ezizodwa isiqabu - babizwa ngokuba imidumba. Lo ukuncipha ajikelezayo ezincinane kumphezulu womhlaba, kwakheka ngenxa ukunqamka okunokwenzeka ngenxa amasuntswana enzonzobila.

Ngomhla kunxweme Black and Azov iilwandle benziwa iziziba ezininzi ezinkulu (Dnieper, Dniester, ubisi, njl), kwakunye nobuninzi Spits nesanti libanzi nemisele yamanzi.

Ukrainian Carpathians

Ukrainian Carpathians - yinxalenye omkhulu zeCarpath uluhlu ntaba, nto leyo ifumaneka kwintshona kweli lizwe ligubungela ummandla yeendawo ezine. Ziqulethe nasentshonalanga eziliqela ngaxeshanye abemi kwicala ukusuka emntla ukuya mpuma. Phakathi kwazo kukho nomkhombe kakhulu enzulu longitudinal.

Ubude lilonke Ukrainian Carpathians na km 280, kwaye umyinge ububanzi - malunga ne-110 km. Xa iyonke, indawo esentabeni lugubungela malunga 24,000 ezikwere zeekhilomitha, nto leyo ufana kummandla lommandla Mykolayiv.

Isakhiwo zejoloji inkqubo ntaba kugquba iidipozithi chalky kunye limestones സോഫ്റ്റ്വെയര് isoftwe kunye schists. Oovimba kwezimbiwa kumbiwa ioli, igesi kunye nokuphuculwa kwezimbiwa wax. Kukho imithombo ezininzi ephilisa amanzi kwezimbiwa.

Montenegro - le kummango eliphezulu Ukrainian

Kwi-Ukrainian Carpathians, kukho emithandathu ebizwa ngokuba yi-dvuhtysyachnika - Mountains ngaphezu amanqaku ayi 2000. It uyenyuka msinyane: Hoverla, Petros, Brebeneskul, Pip Ivan Chernogorsky, Gutin Tomatnik kunye iimbambo. Bonke ibekwe ngaphakathi uluhlu intaba - i baseMontenegro.

Chornogora Ridge uyakwazi kubizwa yincopho zonke Ukrainian Carpathians. Nguye oya ithandwa kakhulu phakathi kubakhenkethi. The Ridge yolula phantse-20 km kunye yomlambo lomlambo ezimbini ezinkulu Eastern yaseYurophu - Tisza kunye mfula.

Afanayo iMontenegro nalo azilingani. amathambeka ngakumzantsi wayo ngokukhawuleza awe phantsi kwaye eyayizalwa encinane okanye hayi. Kodwa ngasentla, phezu koko, ebonakala iqondo eliphezulu eyayizalwa wayicola kwimiqolo. Against Montenegro ungabona zomhlaba glacial - boilers ezincinane, kwemiqhele ezinamatye emikhulu gquma.

Tovtry - ukuma ezizodwa zemvelo

Ethetha isiqabu Ukraine ngayo, singasathethi ke Tovtry. Le yenye ekwenzeke kuzo ilitye le geomorphological inomdla kakhulu kweli lizwe. Kwihlabathi kukho nje ezimbalwa koontanga bakhe.

Zemfuza Tovtry - yinto emanzini omkhulu uManeki ukuba ngeekhilomitha amakhulu eminyaka. Yena asuka kufutshane dolophana kummandla Pidkamin eLviv, yaye iphela kufuphi nesixeko Costesti, sele kummandla Moldova. Amakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo kule ntsimi ngaphakathi efudumeleyo Sea Sarmatian, izinto eziphilayo leyo yatyatyamba umbala yokuzibhubhisa. Grand Toltrovy umqolo esizibona namhlanje - le nto, ngenxa yezi nkqubo esebenzayo eziphilayo.

Tovtry ububanzi Ibanga 4 ukuya kowe-12 km nokuphakama ukuya ku-430 leemitha. Lonke Ubude kummango kukho eqingqiweyo 65, apho geni lwelimestone, gypsum nodongwe.

isiqabu Anthropogenic e Ukraine

Uncedo Ukraine iye kakhulu eguqulwe Umsebenzi yezoqoqosho yabantu kwisiqingatha sesibini kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Oku oqaphelekayo ingakumbi kwiindawo ezifana Donbass okanye Kryvbas apho nezokukhupha isinyithi esikrwada namalahle emhlabeni kwenziwa ngenkuthalo.

Ngenxa yoko, imizi ngeenxa abaninzi IDonetsk kunye Luhansk mmandla amakhulu ngeemfumba up. Ezi iinduli ezincinane cone-ezimile, ebandakanya iliwa kwenkunkuma - uhlobo lwe iimveliso oshishino amalahle le. Kambe ke ilizwe lilungelwa Kryvorizhzhya ifana ngesihlungulo, wayifulela imigodi, ukungaphumeleli kunye yimingxuma enkulu kummandla kunye nobunzulu zentsimbi ekrwada enkwalini.

Ukongeza, ijelo elo Dnieper kunye nenani ezinye imilambo Ukraine yayivalekile yi amadama amakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, intsimi enkulu wanyamalala nje phantsi kwamanzi, kunye ukukhululeka kwiindawo ezingqonge kuye ngokupheleleyo zitshintshiwe.

Ngoko ke, lo mntu ishishini esebenzayo kwi kummandla Ukraine kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini similise ngokubonakalayo uhlobo kumphezulu, ngokudala uhlobo olutsha isiqabu.