Uncedo - a ... Funda isiqabu. isakhiwo yokwakheka komhlaba kunye nesiqabu

Ngokufundisisa geography mphandle, sijongene sexesha ezifana nesimo sendawo. Yintoni na le kota yaye zisetyenziselwa ntoni na? Kweli nqaku siza kujongana kunye nentsingiselo yeli gama, sifunda ntoni na iintlobo kunye neentlobo isiqabu, yaye kakhulu ngakumbi.

Inkolelo isiqabu

Ngoko ke, eli gama lithetha ntoni? Uncedo - iseti lezitenxo ubuso emhlabeni, nto leyo zenziwe ngeendlela nezakhiwo. Kukho nkqu inzululwazi eyahlukileyo lifunda yayo imvelaphi, imbali, uphuhliso, izikhombisi isakhiwo lwangaphakathi. wabiza zokwakheka komhlaba. Inkululeko ibandakanya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, oko kukuthi, lwamaqumrhu zendalo, emele iindawo uze ubukhulu babo.

A iintlobo

Ngokutsho morphological umgaqo yokuhlelwa, imizimba yendalo yendalo kunokuba kuzo ebezintle nezo zingentle. Okokuqala kubo liphuma ngaphezu kolundi, ngokubonelela umphezulu emcela. Ngokomzekelo, omnye hillock, induli, yehewu, induli, njl .. Okwesibini, ngokulandelelana, benza isalamane kwisilayidi kunina. Lo isenokuba umqadi intili, ukudakumba, ezingxingweni, njl Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ifomu uncedo inezigaba ezahlukeneyo: .. imiphezulu (ubuso), amanqaku, imigca (ezinemiphetho) engile. Degree lobunzima ukwahlula umzimba ezilula kunye nezintsonkothileyo zendalo zendalo. Ngu ezilula ziquka amaqhuma, sizizifanya, kunye sizizifanya t. D. Aba izinto ezahlukeneyo morphological ukuba ziyadibana zenze imilo. Ngokomzekelo, a hillock. Yahlulahlulwe yaba iindawo ezinjalo: unyawo, kwithambeka, phezulu. Imilo complex iquka uthotho ezilula. Umzekelo, entilini. Oku kuquka kwingoma, ukuqonda, Amathambeka njalo njalo.

Ngu yokuma degree ukwahlula kumphezulu subhorizontal (degrees ngaphantsi kwe-20), nelamaxandeka ithambekele (elibekwe ngaphezu kwama- 20). Kusenokwenzeka ukuba iimilo ezahlukeneyo - ngqo, khaxa, phakathi okanye waphumela. Ngokutsho neqondo isithabazi lungohlulwa lube vula iphinde ivalwe.

iintlobo lokukhululeka

Ukudityaniswa iifom nezakhiwo leyo ilifa imvelaphi efanayo kwaye andise kwindawo ethile, icwangcisa uhlobo elimi ngayo. Kwiindawo ezinkulu planethi kunokwenzeka ukudibanisa iintlobo ezininzi abakhethekileyo Ngokwesiseko imvelaphi efanayo okanye umahluko. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukuthetha malunga neentlobo amaqela isiqabu. Xa umbutho wenziwa ngenxa yemfundo yabo, sithetha iintlobo genetic ngeendlela nezakhiwo. Yeyona ixhaphakileyo iintlobo isiqabu komhlaba - sethafa kunye entabeni. Ubude lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe le yokuqala ukudakumba, nasezindulini, nezihlambo, amathafa agudle. Phakathi yesibini bodwa eliphezulu, aphezulu, aphakathi kunye ephantsi.

flat sezwe

Le ndawo, esibonakala omncinane (meters ukuya ku 200) ukuphakama isihlobo, ngokunjalo ezithambekileyo kwithambeka encinci (ukuya degrees 5). Ubude ingundoqo incinane (ukuya kuma-500 eemitha). Le ndawo yomhlaba komhlaba (umhlaba, ulwandle nolwandle ezantsi), ngokuxhomekeke yokuphakama ezi esesihlanjeni (meters ukuya ku-200), ukuphakama (200-500 meters), obhudlayo okanye phezulu (iimitha kwama-500). Uncedo Amathafa ixhomekeke ubukhulu becala iqondo ruggedness kunye inshorensi komhlaba. Kusenokuba osisivunda, udongwe, umgquba, imihlaba enesanti. Bangakwazi zisikwe olungaselunxwemeni, kwizihlambo bevala.

laseSamariya sezwe

Le ndawo ukuba umphezulu bokwakha Izitenxo umhlaba lihlangana kunye yokuphakama ukuya ku-500 eemitha, ukuphakama isihlobo mitha ezingama-200 kunye kwithambeka ngaphezulu akukho ngaphezu degrees-5. Iinduli akhiwa hardwood, kunye Amathambeka ngaphezulu legqunyiwe ngomaleko omkhulu womhlaba ze rock evakalala. Misinga therebetween na tyaba, ububanzi okanye uvale vuphukuphuku.

inkangala

Ezintabeni - lo mmandla emele kumphezulu-langa, into eziphakamileyo kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa kwindawo ezingqongileyo. Lubonakala yi eziphakamileyo elililo eemitha 500. Le ndawo sele ntlango ezahlukahlukeneyo yaye kunzima, kwakunye neemeko ezithile zendalo kunye nemozulu. Tholo yayizezona zinto zibe entabeni kunye kumathambeka mpawu imixawuka, nto leyo ngokufuthi ndobuyela bluffs namawa nemiwonyo kunye nemiwonyo ephakathi emikhulu. Imimandla entabeni emhlabeni wayo kakhulu ngaphezu kwenqanaba wolwandle, yaye kufuneka ube nesiseko eqhelekileyo, ngaphezu kumathafa olukufutshane liphume. Ziqulethe uluhlu inani iintlobo isiqabu ezimbi nezilungileyo. Ngokutsho inqanaba ukuphakama kwawo lungohlulwa lube iintaba ephantsi (iimitha ukuya ku-800), intaba eliphakathi (800-2000 m) kunye yezixokelelwano zomhlaba ophezulu (iimitha 2,000).

iipateni

Age iintlobo eziziziqalelo kumphezulu womhlaba lilinganiselwe kunye elipheleleyo. Eyokuqala umisela ukuyilwa kwento isiqabu mayela nawuphi na umgangatho (kungekudala emva koko). Elesibini uzimisele usebenzisa isikali ixesha neznye. Inkululeko ukhandwa intsebenziswano eqhubekayo phakathi imikhosi zemveli kunye zithe zadala. Ngaloo ndlela, iinkqubo zemveli unoxanduva lokuqulunqa iimpawu eziphambili iintlobo cebetshu angaphandle, phezu koko, bafuna ukuba alungelelaniswe. Isiqabu-imithombo ephambili yamandla yoMhlaba kunye ilanga, musa ukulibala impembelelo yonke. Formation of ngaphantsi komhlaba kwenzeka phantsi kwempembelelo womxhuzulane. Lo mthombo uphambili iinkqubo zemveli ekunokuthiwa amandla wobushushu ngayo umhlaba, nto leyo inxulunyaniswa ukubola eqhumayo kwenzeka ngengubo yayo. Ngenxa yoko, phantsi kwempembelelo le mibutho elizwekazi yolwandle kwasekwa noqweqwe. iinkqubo zemveli ukuba ukuyilwa kwiimpazamo, nezibaya, intshukumo lithosfere, mlilo kunye neenyikima.

imigqaliselo neznye

Uphononongo yenza kumphezulu womhlaba, oosonzululwazi bekwi kubume. msebenzi zazo eziphambili - ukufunda komhlaba kunye nobume yamazwe ngamnye, amazwekazi, langa. Ekwenzeni kakhulu iinkcukacha ethile indawo umphathi kufuneka amisele ukuba yintoni eyabangela phambi kwayo ukwenza umphezulu, ukuqonda imvelaphi yayo. Kakade ke, lo ngokuma abaselula kuba nzima ukufumana phandle ngokwabo kwezi zinto, ngoko ke kungcono ukuba sifune uncedo iincwadi okanye ootitshala. Accounting inkcazelo isiqabu, iqela kubume kufuneka enqumlayo kule ndawo ihlolwayo. Ukuba ufuna mephu kuphela indlela, kuyimfuneko ukuba kwandiswe esweni strip kunokwenzeka. Kwaye kwinkqubo yophando amaxesha ngamaxesha ukuba kude ukusuka kwindlela engundoqo eya emacaleni. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ingakumbi ngengingqi kwangoku embi, apho ehlathini okanye neenduli iphazamise ngokutsha.

mapping

Ukubhala ulwazi ngokubanzi (.. Terrain into esentabeni, weentaba, nemixawuka, njl), kuyimfuneko ukuba mephu uze uchaze ngokwahlukeneyo isiqalelo ngasinye isiqabu - .. lwehla eweni, udonga kongqameko emlanjeni intili, njl Ukuze ubone le imilinganiso - nobunzulu, ububanzi, ukuphakama, engile - badla kufuneka, njengoko bathi, emehlweni. Ngenxa yokuba isiqabu kuxhomekeke kubume zejoloji ndawo, le ngqwalasela bathwalwa ngaphandle, kubalulekile ukuchaza nesakhiwo zejoloji kunye nokwakhiwa yamawa enza umphezulu phantsi isifundo, hayi kwinkangeleko yazo nje. Kuyimfuneko ukuba uqwalesele ngokweenkcukacha sinkholes, landslides, umqolomba njalo njalo. N. Ukongeza kule nkcazelo, oko kufuneka kwenziwe ngaphandle kunye nemizobo oganogram balo mmandla uphononongwayo.

Ngokwalo mgaqo, ungenza sokuhlola indawo, apho ibekwe kufutshane nekhaya lakho, yaye uyakwazi ukuchaza ukuba isiqabu amazwekazi. Enye ndlela, kuphela isikali yahlukile, kwaye ixesha uviwo oluneenkcukacha belizwekazi kuya kuthatha ixesha elide. Ngokomzekelo, ukuze ukuchaza isiqabu yoMzantsi Merika, eli imfuneko ukwenza inani amaqela ophando, yaye ke iya kuthabatha ngaphezu konyaka omnye. Ngapha koko, wathi nemisinga iphawulwa intabalala iintaba, yade ecaleni kwilizwekazi lonke, Amazon ihlathi enyulu, le pampas Argentina, njalo njalo. E., Yiyiphi kudala ubunzima ezongezelelweyo.

Qaphela umfana geo-morphologist

Ukwenza imephu isiqabu le ndawo, kucetyiswa ukuba ucele abantu balapha apho ugcina ngongqameko lwamatye isithuba output kunye komhlaba. Ezi data ziyimfuneko ukuzisa indawo yesekethe uze uchaze ngokweenkcukacha kunye mzobo. Kumathafa zamatye ngokufuthi kudandalaza kwiindawo apho imilambo okanye bevala besika umphezulu yaye ayila emaweni yonxweme. Kwakhona, ezi zoleko bunokubonwa emifanekisweni eqingqiweyo okanye apho umendo okanye libalekela kulo kaloliwe kunye lokungahlangani aqingqiweyo. yokwakheka komhlaba Young ziya kuhlolisisa uchaze maleko ngamnye elulwalweni, kuyimfuneko ukuba luzakuqala ukusuka ezantsi. Xa usebenzisa iteyiphu, ungenza imilinganiselo efunekayo, apho kufuneka ibhalwe encwadini entsimini. Le nkcazelo iya kubonisa ubungakanani kunye iimpawu maleko ngalinye inani kunye nendawo ngqo.