Umthamo ubushushu oluthile lomoya. iimpawu Physical ngayo izinto

emoyeni phakathi kwethu idlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi eziphilayo zebhayoloji ukuba ahlale Earth emhlabeni. Kodwa izenzo zabantu lu dityanisiwe ezahlukeneyo iinkqubo zobugcisa, wachaza into kudidi zegesi indlela ebalulekileyo. Yena yathotyelwa isifundo obucokisekileyo kwisifundo iipropati emzimbeni. Ngexesha amalinge, abantu zaye zachongwa iimpawu zezulu, ezinye iimpawu zazo kunye nezinye.

Ubunzima lokusebenza umoya ukuba into owahlukeneyo, kwaye isisombululo kukho inani elikhulu amacandelo. Ke lonke uhlobo olufanayo nozinzo amalungu ayo ekhoyo.

iresiphi Natural gas ebalulekileyo (umoya) iqulathe iseti kakhulu esitalini lwezithako. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukuba iipesenti zilandelayo: nitrogen luthathe 78 ekhulwini ioksijini - 20, icarbon dioxide - 0.03 pesenti. Le umphunga kunye nezinye iigesi kunye amasuntswana eziqinileyo abahlala malunga nesiqingatha ekhulwini. umthamo ubushushu engqalileyo komoya uxhomekeke kuphela kwezinye izinto eziphathekayo, kodwa kuyahlukana nedlela isiqulatho lwangaphakathi (composition) igesi.

Ukuqokelelwa kunye nocazululo data kwi iimpawu thermodynamic komoya yasetyenziswa amaqela yabasebenzi iilebhu ezinkulu ehlabathini. Ezi zifundo sivela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX kwaye ngenkuthalo igcinwe kule mini. iziphumo zabo zisetyenziswa ekubaleni iintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo amandla kunye nokwahlukana umoya, oomatshini kwishishini kwemichiza ke, kunye nezinye izixhobo.

ubushushu oluthile umoya lixabiso egqiba umlinganiselo wamandla obushushu ekufuneka isetyenziswe kwi obunzima buyikhilogram enye, irhasi ukutshintsha kwithempritsha yayo yi isidanga omnye (Kelvin). Ngenxa ukuxhomekeka woMlambo ngaphambili eli xabiso kwizinto ezininzi ngeenjongo kwezakhi iigrafu ezahlukeneyo kunye neetheyibhile. Zibonisa indlela ubushushu ezithile komoya kuxhomekeke amaqondo obushushu okanye ukufuma.

Kuba ukuqonda ngcono le nto, amalinge ezenziweyo, apho kwakusetyenziswe umoya elomileyo kwisono carbon dioxide. Kwimeko yokuqala emiselwe bubushushu ngqo kwi njalo (CP), owesibini kwi umthamo rhoqo (CV) kunye nokubonakaliswa ezifanayo ubushushu. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ku- 0 ° ixabiso CP waba 0,2402 cal / g · amaqo, kwaye CV of igesi efanayo - 0,1713 cal / g · amaqo. Umlinganiselo ezi zithethe unika parameter thermodynamic zilandelayo, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu obizwa.

Ukuze ubone njalo gas (R) ukubala umahluko berhasi ethile, ebanjwe efundwayo kwi njalo (CP) kwaye umthamo rhoqo (CV). Intsingiselo ebonakalayo yalo xabiso kukuqinisekisa umsebenzi ukwanda, umzekelo, enye ikhilogram igesi (umoya) ngokwandisa kwithempritsha yayo yi isidanga omnye (Kelvin).

Ekuhloleni ezidlulileyo safunda iimpawu ezibonakalayo komoya owomileyo. Enyanisweni kuyimfuneko ukuze bakuthathele ingqalelo ipesenti zomphunga kuyo (ukufuma). ubushushu engqalileyo komoya equlethe umlinganiselo othile wamanzi (umphunga) iye utshintsho yayo ukuxhomekeka kunye nendlela.

umoya ofumileyo iye yaba ngumba ngendlela kuphando ngokwasemzimbeni, ngokuba isiqulatho yomphunga kuyo unefuthe eziliqela iinkqubo emzimbeni kwaye imichiza. Eziphilayo Akukho ngaphandle. utshintsho ukufuma ayikho kuphela kuchaphazela iimeko microclimate i kwizakhiwo (ii-ofisi, iindibano zocweyo, iilebhu), kodwa kwakhona unefuthe kakuhle kwabasebenzi, ukhuseleko eziliqela kwezinto, kunye nokusebenza kwezinye izixhobo.

Hayi nje ingxelo izibakala, kodwa ukukhangela iindlela ezahlukeneyo eziphembelela iimpawu umoya kwisifundo sophando. Zinelungelo yayibaluleke kakhulu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu, ukusukela lweshishini lemichiza, ulwakhiwo ukuba kweendawo zokuhlala.