Umsebenzi cell eludongeni: inkxaso, ezothutho, ukhuseleko

Iyunithi kumphezulu yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwiseli nganye, kwaye uninzi amabakala alo. Iqhuba imisebenzi ebalulekileyo. wenza njani iseli inwebu isakhiwo umsebenzi ngesakhiwo - bonke baya kuxutyushwa kwinqaku lethu.

inkqubo cell ndizayo

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba iseli lusisisekelo lincinane zesakhiwo zisebenza zomzimba, nezibilini zayo eziphambili zezi unit ngaphezulu, ukuba kukho icytoplasm kunye organelles. Noko ke, isakhiwo yayo kuqwalaselwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Naliphi na iseli yinkqubo inwebu eziphilayo. Yaguqulelwa isuka kwisiLatini, eli gama lithetha "film" okanye "udiliza". Ngoko ke, ngaphezulu iiseli wambethe ndizayo plasma. Kodwa ke indawo lwangaphakathi iseli yohlulwe iinxalenye esebenzisa izakhiwo lwangaphakathi. Esi sakhiwo sinika unikezelo lwesithuba lweziqalelo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo imichiza.

Ubume kunye nomsebenzi imifinya cell

Le modeli sangoku ubume inwebu zebhayoloji kuthiwa ulwelo-emihle. Xa ezingundoqo yayo yi inwebu kabini lipids, iinxenye esibamba of ezijonge ngaphandle. Le phosphate amaqela ezi izinto. Kodwa inxalenye hydrophobic ye lipids, ezo okunamafutha acid compound ngaphakathi bilayer. Icandelo elilandelayo imifinya iseli ziiproteni. Ezinye zazo zifumaneka kwi kumphezulu ngaphandle kunye nezinye bilayer lipid ukungena ukuya kubunzulu ezahlukeneyo. Esi sakhiwo ivumela iseli ukwenza iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo wokhuseleko, kwe-, phage kunye pinocytosis.

Nadmembrannye cell izakhiwo

On the inwebu plasma lwe zakhiwo kubekwe, ekwenzeni imisebenzi eyongezelelweyo. Xa plant cells, umngundo kunye neentsholongwane, ukuba thaca kunye nodonga iseli. Kodwa izilwanyana isakhiwo bunjalo glycocalyx. Inika ikhonkco ngqo bume iseli ngokulungelanisa imeko-ukuthathwa ukukhetha kwezinto. Imisebenzi ubume yeseli eludongeni ngenxa iimpawu zayo ezahlukileyo kancinane isakhiwo iiseli silwanyana.

Ukwakheka weseli eludongeni

Ubume chemical bodonga iseli kumaqela ahlukeneyo eziphilayo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Kwizityalo, kodwa ke eyona ashinyeneyo. Le impahla inikwa yi phambi eqokelelwe ube zizithungu, imicu neselulosi ezingenakunyibilika. Yiyo le ekudleni entsonkothileyo eziqhotyoshelwe iindonga iseli yezityalo ngqongqo kunye namandla. Sinokuthi it yakha uhlobo isakhelo. Ukubunjwa udonga iseli kunye nemisebenzi iintlobo zeethishu ezahlukeneyo ziyahluka kakhulu. Umzekelo, ngokuhamba kwexesha iiseli baba enye iintlobo inshorensi laphu, leyo kuthiwa tube, buzane le suberin ngamanqatha-equlethe. Isiphumo kokufa imisebenzi yangaphakathi umxholo kunye nokunika inkxaso. Inkqubo efanayo uyaqapheleka iiseli zomzimba semithambo zezityalo, elileli, nempahla. Yokuba izakhiwo ezibuhlazarha, ngaloo ndlela eyenza kube lula ukuqhuba izinto. inkqubo odrevesneveniya kungenxa yokuba izithuba phakathi kwimicu yintlama ugcwalisa kwelinye carbohydrate esimbaxa - lignin. It kuphula inqaba izixhobo komhlaba.

Xa fungi polysaccharides iseli eludongeni zenza isiseko nayo. Noko ke, asiyiyo loo neselulosi nakolu kunye ngechitin kunye glycogen. Kuba isici ngesakhiwo, nto leyo ebenza izilwanyana. Kodwa umsebenzi udonga cell ziibhakteriya inika ingxubevange carbohydrate kunye neeproteni. Ibizwa peptidoglycan okanye murein. Le nto uphawu kuphela prokaryotic izinto ze enze imisebenzi mechanical.

Imisebenzi zodonga yeseli

Nangona umahluko omkhulu kwizinto zexabiso umchiza Ukwakhiwa beendonga iseli kwamaqela awohlukeneyo eziphilayo abe ezikhethiweyo efanayo. Owona msebenzi wawo kukubonelela ngenkxaso, ukhuselo kunye ukutya. Udonga iseli ligcina imilo rhoqo. Ikhusela zonke iziqulatho engaphakathi iziphumo mechanical yokusingqongileyo. Imisebenzi cell zodonga nazo ekuphunyezweni kwenkqubo yamanzi eqhubekayo angena iseli kunye zizinto nezondlo iqhawulwa kulo kwicala umva.

Le permeability bodonga yeseli

inkqubo pathways leyo eludongeni iseli, kunokwenzeka ngenxa permeability yayo. Le propati wabonakaliswa ekuphunyezweni iinkqubo ezimbini nguqu. Eyokuqala kuthiwa plasmolysis. It iqulathe kule nwebu kukho icytoplasm delamination ebekwe lukufutshane udonga iseli. Oku kufuna iimeko ezithile. Plasmolysis livela, umzekelo ngokubeka endlwaneni izinga ityuwa kunokuba kukho icytoplasm yayo. Inkqubo reverse kuthiwa deplazmolizom.

Esebenzisa pores ukuba ezindongeni yeseli, futhi umzimba kwenzeka phakathi iiseli. Ngoko nangoko oku kwenziwa ngendlela plasmodesmata. Ngokuseka ke ngokuthutha izinto. Baya kucanda kulo inwebu plasma kwaye tyhubhu ezibuhlazarha kokuxhuma EPS iiseli angabamelwane. Kuyinto kwezi organelles, le kuyondelelaniswe kunye nokwanda kwe izinto eziyimfuneko kuphuhliso eziphilayo.

Ngenxa yoko, isakhiwo cell inwebu kunye nomsebenzi esifunde ngazo kwinqaku lethu, kuxhaphakile ukuba zonke izinto. Thina yezityalo kunye izinto esosulela ngokudluliselwa kwentsholongwane, yaye nomngundo phezu kwalo udonga cell. It ukhandwa polysaccharides ezinika amandla. Umsebenzi ophambili udonga iseli - na ukhuselo, inkxaso kunye nothutho kwezinto.