Ilaphu Conductive: iimpawu zezakhiwo

Phantse zonke izinto multicellular iqanjwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kwithishyu. Le yingqokelela iiseli, efanayo isakhiwo kunye nemisebenzi eqhelekileyo. Izityalo kunye nezilwanyana, ukuba azifani.

Iintlobo ngeentlobo nezihlunu eziphilayo

Kwindawo yokuqala zonke amalaphu lungohlulwa lube izilwanyana kunye nemifuno. Zahluke. Makhe sijonge kuwo.

Yiyiphi ijwabu izilwanyana?

Izilwanyana iintlobo zeethishu ezinjalo:

• thazeke;
• kwimisipha;
• epithelial;
• uqhagamshelo.

Zonke ke zokuqala yahlulwe iindidi. Muscle lolwabo na egudileyo, striated nentliziyo. Epithelial yahlulwe-sixhobo sekhombuya esinee single, multilayered - kuxhomekeke nenani lamanqanaba, kwakunye cubic, zezindlu kunye Planar - ngokuxhomekeke imilo cell. kwizicwili uhlanganisa iintlobo ezifana ifayibha evakalala, ifayibha eqinileyo, reticular, igazi kunye nkovu, nenqatha, ithambo kunye intlala.

Iintlobo izicwili zezityalo

kwinyama Tyala zibandakanya ezi ndidi zilandelayo:

• isambuku;
• isigubungelo;
• ingubo conductive;
• mechanical;
• zemfundo.

Zonke iintlobo izicwili zezityalo sidibanisa iintlobo eziliqela. Ngoko ke, inkxalabo nokwenziwa eziphambili igcinwe, amanzi ngokuzala kunye Ukusebenzisa umoya. Ukugubungela ngelaphu iintlobo zidibene ezifana amaxolo, ukhokho kunye sangaphandle. Ngokuqhuba tissue zezona xylem kunye phloem. Manual wohlulwe collenchyma kunye sclerenchyma. Ukubandakanya kwicala lemfundo, apical kunye eyodwa.

Onke amalaphu enze imisebenzi ethile, kunye nesakhiwo yabo ekwafanekisa nendima eziyenzayo. Eli nqaku liza kuqwalaselwa ilaphu conductive ngakumbi, iimpawu noshowo zaso. Kwakhona ukuthetha malunga nemisebenzi yayo.

Ilaphu Conductive: iimpawu zezakhiwo

Ezi amalaphu zahlulwe iindidi ezimbini: i phloem kunye xylem. Ekubeni omabini akhiwa ukusuka meristem enye, kwisityalo zibekwe kufutshane omnye komnye. Nangona kunjalo, ubume ndiqhuba nezihlunu lweentlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Makhe sithethe ngakumbi malunga iintlobo ezimbini izicwili conductive.

Imisebenzi amalaphu conductive

engundoqo indima yabo - ukuthuthwa kwezinto. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi amalaphu conductive, hhayi ukuba zohlobo olufanayo zahlukile.

Indima xylem - ukwenza izisombululo imichiza ukusuka nincothule kwezinye onke amalungu esityalo.

A umsebenzi phloem - ukuqhuba ulwelo ngendlela eyahlukileyo - emazikweni ezithile kwisityalo ecaleni izikhondo phantsi ingcambu.

Yintoni xylem?

Kwakhona wabhekisela kwenye amaplanga. Eli laphu conductive yale hlobo ibandakanya ezimbini ekuqhutyweni ezahlukeneyo izinto: tracheids kunye neempahla. Kwakhona, le nto ndiyibhalayo izinto ngomatshini - imithi ifayibha, kwaye izinto ezisisiseko - iinkuni parenchyma.

Yintoni na isakhiwo iiseli xylem?

Iiseli Ilaphu conductive zahlulwe iintlobo ezimbini: tracheids kunye neempahla komsindo. Tracheids - oku ehokweni elide kakhulu ngeendonga iqhawuke, apho kukho pores ukuthuthwa kwezinto.

Iiseli isiqalelo yesibini conductive - isitya - iqulathe iiseli ezininzi, ezo zibizwa ngokuba iinqanawa komsindo. Ezi seli zilungiswe enye ngezantsi enye ngasentla. Le ezidibanayo zonke iinxalenye isitya efanayo ngokusebenzisa imingxunya. Ewe kuthiwa perforations. Ezi imigodi esiyimfuneko ukulungiselela ukuthuthwa kwezinto ngokusebenzisa iimpahla. Moving izisombululo ezahlukeneyo iimpahla ngokukhawuleza kakhulu tracheids.

Iiseli bobabini amalungu conductive bafile kwaye ziqulathe protoplasts (protoplasts - iiseli umxholo ngaphandle kodonga iseli, ngamanye amazwi ke ngumbindi wale inwebu yeseli kunye organelles). Protoplasts ababengekho, ngokungathi ehokweni zothutho izinto bekuya kuba nzima kakhulu.

Ngu imikhumbi kunye nezisombululo tracheids ukuze kuthuthwa kuphela nkqo kodwa tye - kwiiseli eziphilayo okanye elingummelwane iziqalelo conductive.

Iindonga eziqalelo conductive abe ukuqina, ezikunika amandla ebuhlanti. Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo data thickenings izinto conductive yahlulwe ephotheneyo, annelids, ileli, oluyinethi Pore dot.

umsebenzi mechanical kunye izinto ezisisiseko xylem

Imicu Wood ezibizwa ngokuba librioformom. Le ubude side kwizisele aye anquma kweendonga odrevesenevshimi. Senza umsebenzi inkxaso yokubonelela amandla xylem.

Elements of isiseko laphu kwi parenchyma xylem thaca imithi. Ezi ziiseli kunye iqokobhe enemithi, nelinika pores ezilula. Noko ke, endaweni iiseli parenchyma yokuqhagamshelwa sitya kubhaliwe erhangqwe ukuya, oludityaniswe layo esilula ngamanye amaxesha. Wood cells parenchyma, ngokuchaseneyo, akukho bazikhuphele izitya iiseli. Baye protoplasts. Xylem parenchyma lenza umsebenzi elilalela - ngezakhi yakhe lelonani.

Yintoni eyenza xylem izityalo ezahlukeneyo?

Ekubeni tracheids kwemvelo Wavuka ekuqaleni ngaphezu ezityeni, iinkalo conductive zikhona izityalo ezweni asezantsi. Le ibihlungu (yefeni, ubulembu, ubulembu club, horsetails). Uninzi gymnosperms kwakhona tracheids kuphela. Noko ke, ezinye gymnosperms kukho iimpahla (ukuba zikhona gnetalians). Kwakhona, kwiimeko ezizodwa, ezi zinto zikhona, kwaye ezinye yefeni kunye horsetails.

Kodwa angiosperms (eneentyatyambo) izityalo bonke zombini tracheids kunye nempahla.

Yintoni phloem?

Eli laphu conductive yale hlobo kwakhona ngokuba phloem.

Inxalenye ephambili phloem - kungawi nokhozo izinto conductive. Kwakhona kulwakhiwo langoku iziqalelo bast ngomatshini (okuzenzela phloem) kunye nezinto yemeko isiseko (phloem parenchyma).

Ngeempawu ezicacileyo zolu hlobo ilaphu conductive amanga neqiniso ukuba iiseli kungawi nokhozo sezulu, njengoko kuchasene izinto conductive xylem ahlale ephila.

Ubume izinto yokugalela

Kukho iindidi ezimbini kuzo: ngesihlungulo iiseli kunye neetyhubhu yokugalela. Eyokuqala Wasolula ubude kunye ekubonise iphela. Bona singene ngokusebenzisa emingxunyeni, apho kukho izithuthi kwezinto. Iiseli ngesihlungulo zinto zezakudala ngaphezu izinto yokugalela multicellular. Bona uphawu izityalo ezifana ibihlungu kunye gymnosperms.

Xa angiosperms izinto conductive zinikwa ityhubhu ngesihlungulo, kuqulethe ezininzi iiseli - of iinxalenye izinto yokugalela. Le mingxuma nge weeseli ezibekwe ngecala zenze ipleyiti ngesihlungulo.

Mu kuya kwa nshita iiseli ngesihlungulo, wathetha iiyunithi noshowo izinto multicellular conductive akukho ezingundoqo, kodwa ukuba basaphila. Indima ebalulekileyo isakhiwo phloem of angiosperms kwakhona ukudlala Klek-neqabane, nahodyatschiesya ecaleni iseli kwilungu ngalinye izinto yokugalela. Lo is zombini organelles kunye isiqalo. Kubo kukho utshintshiselwano kwezinto.

Njengoko ukuba iiseli phloem zokuphila, le izicwili conductive ayikwazi ukusebenza ixesha elide. Xa isityalo angehli ngexesha ubomi wayo iminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemine, emva koko kwiiseli ze inyama nemithambo kufa.

izinto zale phloem

iiseli koko ngesihlungulo okanye iityhubhu, kukho kwakhona imiba yemeko kunye nezinto lomatshini laphu conductive. Aba bamva zimelwe (phloem) imicu bast. Besenza umsebenzi inkxaso. Ayizizo zonke izityalo imicu phloem.

Elements of the laphu amelwe parenchyma phloem. Yena, kwakunye parenchyma xylem, wenza indima yogcino. It ngekawusi izinto ezifana tannins, nentlaka kunye nabanye. Ingakumbi ezi zinto kufuneka gymnosperms phloem.

Ixolo engaphakathi iintlobo zezityalo

Xa izityalo asezantsi ezifana yefeni kunye ubulembu, ukuba limelwe iiseli yokugalela. Amaxolo efanayo esingaphakathi okufana inkoliso gymnosperms.

Izityalo Angiosperm babe elements conductive multicellular: neetyhubhu ngesihlungulo.

Ubume kwenkqubo yokuqhuba lwezityalo

Xylem kunye phloem zisoloko amalungiselelo ecaleni kunye nefomu iinyanda. Kuxhomekeka kwindlela zicwangciswe iindidi ezimbini ilaphu conductive xa kuthelekiswa omnye komnye, kukho iindidi ezininzi iintsika. Ngummeli wowona kakhulu rhoqo. Bona zicwangciswe ngendlela yokuba phloem yi kwelinye icala xylem.

Kukho kwakhona zophahla concentric. Kuzo enye ilaphu conductive eziyingqongileyo omnye. Zahlula-hlulwe iintlobo ezimbini: tsentrofloemnye kunye tsentroksilemnye.

Eli laphu conductive uba ingcambu ngokuqhelekileyo iintsika iphiramidi. Baya xylem rays zitenxe ukusuka kwiziko, kunye phloem ephakathi imitha xylem.

iinyanda izibambiso ivamile ngenxa angiosperms kunye concentric - kuba ibihlungu kunye gymnosperms.

Isiphelo: Uthelekiso iintlobo ezimbini amalaphu conductive

Njengoko isiphelo, esilishumayelayo itafile apho emfutshane idatha ebalulekileyo yeentlobo ezimbini izicwili conductive zezityalo.

Ke kaloku, ukuba uyakwazi oko konke malunga nokuqhuba nezihlunu izityalo: ziintoni na ezi, yintoni imisebenzi yenziwa nendlela ukwakha iiseli zabo.