Umpeyinti Rembrandt Van Reyn: biography, ubuchule

Art yenza ubomi umdla ngakumbi ezintle. Kukho abantu abaya kuhlala kwimemori kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi, umsebenzi eza ilifa zonke izizukulwana ezintsha.

Emva kokufunda eli nqaku, uya kusisondeza ekuqondeni ilifa lobugcisa zehlabathi, nokushiye inkosi enkulu - opeyintayo Rembrandt Van Reyn.

biography

Namhlanje ubizwa ngokuba umninindlu izithunzi, kwakunye ndoda kunokubeka ngenene naliphi na imvakalelo kwi ngelaphu. Okulandelayo, sijonga indlela yokuphila ukuba kwafuneka ukuba ahambe.

Rembrandt Harmensz Van Reyn (1606-1669) wazalelwa eNetherlands, kwisixeko Leiden. Ndisemncinane wayenomdla ukupeyinta, kunye ne-13 leminyaka wafunda ubugcisa esihle uYakobi Van Svanenbyurha, nto leyo wayengumzobi yembali.

Emva koku, kuyaziwa ukuba Rembrandt wayeneminyaka eli-17 ubudala, wafunda phantsi Pieter Lastman, bafika e-Amsterdam. utitshala wakhe ezikhethekileyo iintshukumisa yeBhayibhile kunye iintsomi.

Lokubandakanyeka kwishishini

Sele 21 iminyaka Rembrandt Van Reyn kunye nomhlobo wakhe wavula ucweyo phezu komzobo kwaye iikiti yomfundi rhoqo kunye neeklasi zobugcisa. Kwadlula iminyaka nje embalwa, yaye iye yenziwa nabanye nje inkosi ubugcisa bakhe.

Ekunye nomhlobo wakhe Lievens ukuba sele ngelo xesha, ukuba yobuciko, balibona Constantine Huygens, lowo unobhala kweNkosana Orange. Umfanekiso uJuda Wabizela kuye omnye imisebenzi emihle yobugcisa yamhlamnene. Yena wadlala indima enkulu kuphuhliso lwe umzobi, ukunceda ukumisela abafowunelwa kunye nabathengi atyebileyo.

ubomi entsha e Amsterdam

Ngowe-1631 Rembrandt Van Reyn iye yabangela ngokupheleleyo Amsterdam. Ubomi umzi lwemiyalelo ezinzima abathengi abayibona njengento igcisa oselula enkulu. Ngelo xesha, umhlobo wakhe waya kufunda eNgilani, apho naye wazama ukuphumelela phantsi kweliso likatitshala entsha.

Ngelo xesha, umzobi waqala luxakeke ngomfanekiso ngamnye. Unomdla yobuso zomntu ngamnye, yena uzama kancinane iintloko ipeyintwe zabantu. Rembrandt Van Reyn wakwazi ukugqithisa ngokuchanekileyo zonke izinto ngazo uthethe nam iliso ebantwini, naye wabhala wobugcisa.

Nantso portraits ngexesha bazisa umzobi yimpumelelo orhwebo. Ukongeza, ukuba wayezithanda kunye self-eni. Unakho emininzi imisebenzi yakhe, nto leyo echaza yena izinxibo ecingelwayo iminweba, eyingozi umdla ukufumana.

ixesha udumo

Ukwamkelwa jikelele Amsterdam, Rembrandt Harmenszoon Van Reyn wafumana emva kumzobo "Le Anatomy Isifundo Dr. Nicolaes Tulp" ngo-1632, apho wapeyinta ugqirha ndamfundisa Dr. baziqhaqhe umzekelo isidumbu.

Xa ujonga lo mfanekiso, siyakwazi ukubona ukuba mgca ecikizekileyo, apho inkosi zazibonisa ibinzana nganye kuzo. Yinto nje ubuso kuphela kwabantu, wakwazi ukuba adlulisele uvakalelo ngokubanzi uzilumkele iqela lonke labafundi.

Kwaye ke, njengoko wayepeyinta njengesithunzi kulo mfanekiso, ndabethwa ziingcali ezininzi ngelo xesha. Baqalisa ngazwi-nye athi ukuba Rembrantd Harmensz Van Reyn sele izimele kunye ngemizobo yakhe.

Sinokuthi ngoku igqalwa omnye kakhulu elihle ebomini umzobi mfana. Emva kokuba umtshato wakhe Saskia van Uylenburgh ngo 1634. Ii-odolo zawa phantsi phezu kwentloko yakhe ngesantya ngayo yena akazange abe nexesha ukupeyinta.

Kwiminyaka yokuqala yobomi kwisixeko entsha mizobo ngaphezu kwama-50 wakwazi ukubhala oselula Rembrandt Van Reyn. Le mizobo ayebaluleke kwaye oludlamkileyo, ngendalo yawo ababhali nje sakhunjulwa. Umzekelo, Joost van den Vondel, owaye- imbongi odumileyo wemidlalo, imbeko ngumbhali ezabhalwa ngayo umzobo uCornelis Ancelot kwizibongo nemibongo yakhe.

Ngelo xesha, waba imali yokuthenga indlu yakhe. Lasiwa ngobungcibi ekufundweni yakudala imisebenzi ezinye iinkosi, yena bayizalisa indlu yakhe eyaziwa ngokuba imisebenzi koogxa bakhe, kwakunye indalo bamaxesha amandulo.

domesticity

bemisebenzi yobuciko lwanamhlanje mbonise umsebenzi omhle xesha, wabhala ukuba Rembrandt Van Reyn. Imifanekiso umfazi wakhe Saskia impahla ezahlukeneyo neemvelaphi ezahlukeneyo zithi ukuba inkosi yalo kuvuthwa ngokupheleleyo waza waqalisa ukudala zobugcisa zabo canvases.

Bekukho lusizi - abantwana abathathu, ngubani lalivela kulo ngexesha lomtshato, wafa eyingwevu encinane. Kodwa ngo-1641 esi sibini wazala unyana, uTito, ngubani yokuphuma kubazali abatsha. Ixesha enkulu olukhawulezileyo eyayikrolwe umzobo le womzobi "The Wolahleko Nyana kwi Tavern."

umcimbi ezingemnandi

Further biography of Rembrandt Van Reyna iqalisa ukufumana nombala nakakhulu. Konyaka emva kokuzalwa, unyana umfazi wakhe wafa.

Njengakwiminyaka engaphambili, ukuyila igcisa elikhulu ebesoloko wamtyhala ukudala bafaka imifanekiso ethile yeBhayibhile. Yiloo nto kuphela ukupeyinta yakhe "Umbingelelo ka-Abraham," awawubhalayo 1635! adlulisele Ngoko ngokucacileyo iimvakalelo kunye mood, uyaqalisa ukhathazeke ukuba kufuneka idanyaze, ngathi ngemela bamhlabileyo ngqo inyama.

Kwimizobo wanamhla, nemvakalelo ilawula ukudlulisela iifoto kuphela, nto leyo ezenza umfanekiso ecacileyo eshukumayo. Eneneni, oko kuchaphazela ukukwazi kwakhe ukubonisa umoya iimeko ngayo ukuyila inkosi enkulu.

qala iingxaki

On ukufa umkakhe engazange afe ukungaphumeleli mculi. Iimbono wegcisa ngcembe zatshintsha. Ngcembe walahlekelwa oselula Rembrandt Van Reyn, umsebenzi zigazi banconywe bexesha.

Ngowe-1642, wafumana sisibonelelo enkulu ukupeyinta umzobo Musketeers, owayeza abekwe sharpshooters entsha yokwakha. Yaba enye mizobo kakhulu ukuba wakha wabhala inkosi - wafika neemitha ezine.

Ngokutsho kumbono abaxumi 'wegcisa wayeza ukudala umfanekiso sosha oqhelekileyo sasiza amandla kunye nokuzithemba. Ngelishwa, igcisa Rembrandt Van Reyn wazalisekisa umsebenzi ngokwayo.

Njengoko kubonakala kumzobo "I Night Watch", oko kukuthi eboniswe ngezantsi, umsebenzi wakhe abayazi kubizwa ngokuba umfanekiso. On the ngelaphu obonisa ukulungiselela yonke imeko kwinkampani umbayimbayi ukuba uhambo ngequbuliso.

Kwaye ungabona indlela emkhenkceni intshukumo kulo mfanekiso. Le isakhelo eyahlukileyo kubomi ijoni. Kwakukho eninzi ingqumbo evela abathengi kwesi sihlandlo. Ezinye Musketeers ziye benikwa kuphela imvelaphi, kwaye umntu a swi sihleli kwindawo nzima.

Ukongeza, ukukhanya ezibukhali nasethunzini, nto leyo, mhlawumbi, akukho bani akunjalo ngokucacileyo kwaye ngenkalipho ukuyichazela phezu ngelaphu, kwaye ayibangelwa nokunconywa.

Emva koko, Rembrandt Van Reyn, imisebenzi leyo kuphela izolo babegqalwa omnye kakhulu, intsimbi kuba akukho umdla eliphezulu loluntu. Kwaye oko kwakuthetha ngelo xesha, kwaye ukuba ii-odolo ezixabisa ukwenza oko, akukho namnye uya.

Ngoku cinga umntu owayekhe waphila ubomi bakhe bonke ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, yaye emva koko wavele ezilahlekileyo umthombo wakhe imali. Ngaba uyakwazi ukwala ubomi kwesiqhelo?

indlela Akhoyo iinkcukacha ezifunekayo

Ukususela abafundi bakhe bayityekisa ushiye. umbono Rembrandt liya engangqinelaniyo ukumila ixesha - iindlela ezintsha baba kwicala iinkcukacha ubuninzi. Oko kukuthi, ukuba umzobi waqalisa ukupeyinta njengoko wenzayo kwasebuncinaneni bakhe, wayeza kuba imfuno eninzi yona.

Kodwa ubomi buyaguquguquka, kufana nje umntu bokudala wokwenene. isandla sakhe baqine wabuyela, ebethanda ukudlala ngumthunzi, ungabe iikona upholile bezinto.

Ukungakwazi ukwenza ifuthe okulungileyo ubume bezemali zawo. Ngenxa yokuba umfazi wakhe ongasekhoyo waba inenekazi kwintsapho osisityebi, ikhazi wasutywa ngokupheleleyo elifeni lakhe. Kwaye ngaphandle kwengeniso, wachitha nje, okanye "kutshiswa nge" kwiimfuno zabo.

Ekupheleni kwale novalo kwenkulungwane ye-17, waba abahlobo kunye ngumkhonzazana wayo Hendrickje. Oku kunokubonwa ezinye ngemizobo yakhe. Nangona imithetho engqongqo ngokunxulumene amaqhina eentsapho, kwaye Ndithelekelele sakhe wafunyaniswa enetyala yinkundla, xa umntwana wazalelwa uKorneli.

Kunzima ukufumana imizobo ezaziwayo-kakuhle eli xesha ebomini le womzobi. Yena kwayeka kude kakhulu equlathe mibala kunye nemifanekiso, awawubhalayo kutsha nje kwixa elidlulileyo.

Kodwa yena, njengokuba umntu creative, wazibonakalisa kwezinye iindawo. Ngelo xesha wayesele wakhonza a etchings ngobuciko. Kuye kwathabatha iminyaka 7 ukugqiba wobugcisa ebizwa ngokuba "Hundred Guilder Print".

Wakwazi ukuyithengisa ixesha enkulu ngokwaneleyo 100 guilder. Le ngasekhohlo ithathwa konke okusemandleni abo ukuze ukudala Rembrandt.

kwelanga Rembrandt

Le artist abadala ijongene kakhulu neengxaki zemali. Ngowe-1656 waba ongenamali ngokupheleleyo, kwiCEMIS lonke ilifa lakhe, ukuba unyana wakhe. Life iye nto. Emva konyaka, kwafuneka ukuba athengise kwilifa lakhe. Le mali wamnceda ukuya kummandla ongaphandle bathuleyo Amsterdam. Wazinza kwikota yamaYuda.

Umntu osondele kuye ebudeni ebudaleni bakhe wazala unyana. Kodwa Rembrandt wayengekho nethamsanqa, kuba waphila de ekufeni kwakhe. Azisayi kuthwala izithonga wekamva yena, ayaba nako, kunye nyakana wasweleka kamva naye.

namhlanje Rembrandt

Art ingafi. Koqobo bahlala izenzo zabo, ingakumbi, artists zisoloko ziyinxalenye canvases zabo. Undoqo woMntu idluliselwa kwisimbo bakhe buciko lweepateni zopelo.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, Rembrandt Van Reyn uthathwa ukuba umzobi ngonobumba omkhulu kwaye ivunyiwe onke abagxeki. umsebenzi wakhe iyathandwa kakhulu ngokwaneleyo. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-2009 kwiziko efandesini yokudweba yakhe "Half-ubude elichaza umntu ongaziwayo, emi iingalo akimbo," ebhalwe-1658, oko Abathengiswa ngexabiso yerekhodi - million 41 US iidola (iguqulelwe kwi okunanisa ixesha).

Kwakhona kakhulu ukupeyinta yakhe "Umfanekiso ixhegwazana," nto leyo 2000 wakwazi ukuba athengise malunga-32 ezigidi zeerandi. Kulo mfanekiso ulwimi akukho nobuganga ukubiza "ukupeyinta". Kubonakala ngathi nje umfanekiso enkulu - ngokunabileyo umntu angaba kuphela inkosi enkulu.

Abantu abafana Rembrandt Harmenszoon Van Reyn, ngokwenene woyikekayo. Kwaye ke kuyimfuneko ukuba ube umculi, kufuneka nje ukwenza into oyithandayo, kwaye okona kubalulekileyo - ngokusuka entliziyweni.