Nosipho - yeyona buciko? iintlobo ngasekhohlo

Nosipho - uhlobo beziva zobugcisa, yoshicilelo umfanekiso ukusuka ayiyontetho yemihla ngemihla yokugqibela. umbhalo Classical i iphinda ngomthi, iiplastiki (ilinoliyam) okanye izinto acrylic, Wayixakaxa a mgawuli ngokohlobo nayiphi na ipateni. Inani yokuvela kulo mzekelo ulinganiselwe. Nosipho - a anemifanekiso, nto leyo yenziwa kusetyenziswa iteknoloji okhethekileyo. Xa intliziyo ngasekhohlo yoshicilelo - ipleyiti yesinyithi, ubhedu, intsimbi okanye zinc.

ukuya ngasekhohlo

Metal plate, billet ayiyontetho yemihla ngemihla zigqithiswe iziyobisi emuncu. For steel esetyenzisiweyo nitric acid, ngokuba nobhedu - chloro reactant.

I plate metal ubukhulu olufanelekileyo likhazimlisiwe ukuba kukhanya, degreased kwaye legqunyiwe lacquer ekhethekileyo acid ezingatshiyo. Emva omiswe, lo workpiece kusuke kufuze, esenokuba baberhabaxa kwaye zifuna kwakhona kamva. Kwezinye iimeko, umfanekiso na ugqibile ngokupheleleyo. Konke kuxhomekeke obonelela inkosi. Amagcisa amaninzi fumana ayimfuneko kulungelelana ye yemihla ngemihla, kodwa abanye bakholelwa ukuba akukho mfuneko uqinisile ukuba bulungiswe. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela yeyona nto ibalulekileyo, kodwa eziphumo zokuphela konyaka. Noko ke, Nosipho - buciko wokwenene kufuna ubuchule enkulu ukulungiselela kwaye ngexesha lamalungiselelo ishicilela ngqo.

circuit processing

Emva kushicilelwa inkosi elingabhalwanga phina ezingcakacileyo inaliti elibukhali yonke imigca, ndihambe ndikhetha nge zokwaleka acid-enganyangekiyo kwiindawo ezinqwenelekayo. Ngoko ke metal sangakhuseleki reagent ifumaneka kuphela ezo ngongoma apho kuyimfuneko ukwenza lekhefu. Ready proshtrihovannaya preform egxile acid, kwaye inkqubo ngasekhohlo iqala. Bati ne ichiza kufuneka ngokukhuselekileyo igutyungelwe ukuthintela ngaphakathi. Kulo mzekelo, ngokuqinisekileyo pholisa igumbi, ngoko umoya ukuba kuqwalasele umphunga we-asidi ityhefu.

izinto chemical

Etchings - yinkqubo entsonkothileyo esifuna iimeko ezithile ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko wegcisa. Nokungahoywa imiqathango yokhuselo akuvumelekanga. ngezinto Chemical zisetyenziswa xa machining of workpieces ebuntsimbi ukuba ngasekhohlo, ziyingozi ngokwaneleyo, iziphumo zabo elibi emzimbeni womntu kufuneka bangabi namandla ngokupheleleyo, okanye ubuncinane kuncitshiswe. Emva Nosipho lo pad ogqityiweyo wayekuyo yahlanjwa emanzini aphilileyo, kunye nalo sisusa iintsalela yepeyinti.

Emva koko, lo zeendawana lisetyenziswe inki otsho yonke lekhefu. inki agqithisileyo isusiwe phezu tampon. Ke Nosipho zenja ibhodi zenziwe ngokucinezela. Eli phepha licinezelwe ukuya emazantsi yamanyala xi ujikele ezibukhali umahluko. Ngoko ke, le ndlela ngasekhohlo likuvumela ukuba ukudala imizobo nawuphi xaka; thinnest imigca, curls, amachaphaza kunye imikrwelo khangela kakhulu ngokulungelelanisiweyo. Ukuba inani kushicilelwa zamashumi nabamakhulu, le yemihla ngemihla ebegqwese bucinyiwe, kwaza ulahlekelwa umahluko. Kule meko kuyimfuneko ukuhlaziya ngamaxesha ebhodini, kwakhona isigqubuthelo kunye lacquer, kwaye asidi-ngasekhohlo ukuzinzisa umzobo.

iifom yokuprinta

I plate metal ukuqhubekekiswa ngokufanelekileyo, kwakhona ezidlulileyo inkqubo pickling, zisenako ingasetyenziswa izihlandlo eziliqela. ipleyiti nganye ipleyiti yoshicilelo, awayenzayo liyayishicilela ngasekhohlo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, lo mfanekiso yokuluka. Umbhalo ngasekhohlo njengenye kwezi ntlobo umdla ya vutshila. Kuye kwasungulwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-16.

impumelelo creative

Ngowe-1515 lwaba ubuchule Nosipho ngumzobi odumileyo Albrecht Dürer, ngasekhohlo kwakhe amalinge iibhodi ezimbiwa ekuqaleni kwixesha entle zobugcisa lokukrola. Dürer ehlangene ukudalwa etchings imikrolo zakudala, ezi ndlela zimbini kudala into elingana nexabiso umsebenzi wakhe.

ngomzobi Italian Parmigianino, inkosi nanto etchings, waphakamisa ukuba kwisikhundla uqinisile. Kamva, ngumzobi Dutch Rembrandt eyenziweyo imifanekiso kumdlalo eyodwa ukukhanya nasethunzini, ukongeza, waqala ukwenza kwakhona ngasekhohlo, nto leyo ubunzulu enilinyatheleyo ibonwe.

aquatint

Ngowe-1765, ngomzobi French Jean-Baptiste Leprens zafumana indlela entsha yokuvelisa iithowuni ezithambileyo kakhulu, sifunda lemifanekiso. Ithekhnoloji ubizwa ngokuba "aquatint". Kuba umfanekiso wokuqala kwagxila nentaba igqithiselwe ukusuka tracings indlela nakalyvaniya pad ke zigutyungelwe kwiindawo ezimnyama rosin. IBhodi eshushu, umgubo linyibilike wayisithelisa kumphezulu umaleko granular. iindawo Bright ezaphunyezwayo ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Aquatint wayedla kunye yoshicilelo umbala, i inkosi edlulileyo kule ndlela luthathwa Francisco Goya, omnye-Etchers best amagcisa kwimbali.

Zhak Kallo

Ekubeni ukuya ngasekhohlo - yinto ubugcisa engangqalanga, la magcisa aphambili kwiinkulungwane 16-18th ezama bazingqine apha uhlobo enzima. Noko ke, impumelelo sakhatshwa kuphela zezona ngcali zinetalente. Enye iinkosi edume Nosipho ngenkulungwane ye-17 yaba igcisa French Zhak Kallo. Le artist esebenza ngendlela mfiliba ngokoqobo, imisebenzi yakhe edumileyo yinxalenye yothotho 'ububi bempi ", yaye ke inkosi kakhulu liciko of Nosipho ebizwa ngokuba" Hung. "

iintlobo ngasekhohlo

Ngo-17, nokukrola ngenkulungwane ubuchule ezisetyenziswa iconography ngempumelelo. Ummeli yesikolo Flemish yokudweba, igcisa Anthony Van Deyk, waba etcher entle, wenza amanani ezingcwele. art ngasekhohlo kuvumela ukufaka bokuqonda ezininzi ezifihlakeleyo lwemifanekiso lenkundla.

Olunye uhlobo ekuthiwa-yokuzala ngasekhohlo. Iye yamkelwa kumshicileli. Phantse yonke imifanekiso kwi iincwadi ezipapashwe ngexesha kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-18, oko kwenziwe ubuchule ngasekhohlo. Le Umfanekiso Style lo zivunywa ngemisebenzi zoncwadi. Amanani wafumana ezimibalabala wegqitha kakuhle umongo webali. Nngokobuchwepheshe ishedyuli ngasekhohlo yayifumaneka, azibizi ukuvana, kwaye umgangatho umfanekiso uhlala kwinqanaba eliphezulu.

Mezzotint - uhlobo kakhulu ixesha elide, kodwa kakuhle kakhulu. Oku kusekelwe ukusetyenziswa ngezandi ngenxa kwi "graining" kumphezulu ayiyontetho yemihla ngemihla. Emathambekeni zincinane ukunika uburhabaxa ukuba print inikeza olumtyibilizi ukusuka ukukhanya shadow. Etchings ezenziwe ngendlela mezzotint ezahlukeneyo nokuqhama velvety ezikhanyayo.

Le mbono "lokuqala" - imifanekiso zobugcisa kakhulu ukuba ziye kuphela iinkosi edumileyo. Amaciko ezininzi, ngasekhohlo sele uhlobo iplagi apho bakwazi ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo ulangazelelo lwabo ngobuchule. Le wokukrola liphambili ngenkulungwane ye-18 uthathwa womzobi Italian Giovanni Piranesi, umbhali imifanekiso ezininzi baseRoma cityscapes kunye kwakudala. amagcisa No kangako adumileyo xesha etcher Giovanni Battista Tiepolo ,, Francisco Goya, Antuan Vatto, Canaletto, Fransua Bushe.

ukuzalwa

Ngenkulungwane ye-19 ubugcisa ngasekhohlo yeyela lutshabalale, kwathi phantsi kwempembelelo yimbonakalo ubugcisa bokuprinta ngendlela ezimibalabala. Noko ke, ekupheleni abazobi kwinkulungwane engravers usamile okwangoku. etchings ezintsha engasekho kubonwa umzekeliso uhlelo ncwadi, baye baba imisebenzi yinxalenye art, imikhwa yokuluka etshatini. Ngenkulungwane yama-20, baye besondela ngabapeyinti ezininzi French ezifana uCharles-Fransua Dobini, Kamil Koro kunye nabanye. Yena ezikhethekileyo ubuchule ngasekhohlo kunye ngomzobi izindawo Impressionist Edouard Manet. Phakathi artists Russian ndikrola ubuchule kakuhle Valentin Serov kunye Ivan Shishkin. etcher waseMelika Dzheyms Uistler, Swedish - Anders Zorn eJamani phezu nemikrolo asebenza Adolf Mentsel.