Umfuduki ungumbaleki, umrhwebi kwi-Motherland okanye nje ngexhoba leemeko?

Iminyaka ibhayela, amaplanethi aqhubeka nokuhamba kwawo, kwaneezwekazi zihlala zihamba. Konke oku kwenzeka ngenxa yeendidi ezahlukeneyo zomthetho kwaye kwenzeka ngokwayo. Oko kungenakutshiwo ngento efana nobomi ebantwini nakwamanye amazwe, njengokufuduka.

Ngubani umfuduki?

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukufunda zonke iinguqu, kufuneka uqonde inkcazo. Ngoko yintoni ukufudukela kwamanye amazwe kunye nabani aba basemzini? Laba ngabemi abenza ngokwabo, bahambe bevela kwelinye izwe baye kwelinye. Ukufudukela kwamanye amazwe, ngokuphambene nento echazwe ngasentla, ayikho ngenxa yemithetho yendalo. Yena, njengabanye abafudukayo (ukuba bangadideki kunye nezi ngcamango zombini, zichasene ngokupheleleyo nangentsingiselo), kubangelwa ezinye izizathu ezininzi, ezifana nokunyanzelwa kwezopolitiko, iimfazwe, imilinganiselo yobomi bezentlalo kunye nezoqoqosho, iintlekele zendalo kunye neentlobo zabantu, ukuhlangana kwentsapho , Iimpikiswano ze-Interethnic kunye ne-interconfessional, njalo njalo.

Musa ukudibanisa abantu abanjalo nabafudukayo (abo batshintsha indawo yabo yokuhlala kwindawo yesimo esifanayo). Umthunywa ngumntu ongahambeli kweli lizwe, njengalowo uchazwe ngasentla, kodwa uwela umda womda, ngamanye amazwi, uhamba ngaphaya kwayo.

Ezinye iigama

Amanye amanye amagama adibaniswa nexesha lokufuduka kwamanye amazwe, oko kuthetha ukuba kuya kwenza ukuba kucace ngakumbi into ebalulekileyo kule nkqubo. Unokuqala ukususela kwisebe lezesayensi, ngenxa yokuba sinolwazi malunga nophuhliso okanye ukungonakaliswa kwezinto esizicingayo. Ngokuphathelele ukufuduka.

Ngokutsho kwakhe, i-term immigrant (eshiya ilizwe) yinto enokuchasana, incazelo yentsingiselo eyahlukileyo: umfuduki. Lo mntu, ngokuchaseneyo, ungena kweli lizwe. Oko kukuthi, umntu ukhetha ilizwe elithile njengendawo yakhe yokuhlala yokuhlala.

Kwakhona, ukufuduka kwamanye amazwe kuhambelana ngokukodwa nombono wokufuduka, oku kuthetha ukubuyela "kwonyana olahlekileyo" (umfuduki) kwilizwe apho ahamba khona. Izinto ezifaka isandla kule nkqubela zidla ngokuphucula ezopolitiko, ezentlalo, ezoqoqosho okanye, umzekelo, imeko yendalo. Konke kulungile, i-intlephe yadlulela, kutheni ungabuyeli ezweni lethu?

Enye yeenkqubo ezibalulekileyo ezifana nokufudukela kwamanye amazwe, kwaye ukuba zichaneke ngakumbi, enye yeendidi zayo, ukubuyela ekhaya - kukufika kweli lizwe elingenakuba yindawo yokuzalwa yindoda, kodwa kwakunjalo ngookhokho bakhe.

Abafuduki bezopolitiko

Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zokufuduka kwezona zinto ziyinxalenye yezopolitiko. Inani lalabo abafudukayo alilona likhulu kakhulu, kodwa ukwenza umntu aphoqeleke ukuba ashiye ilizwe lakhe, kubalulekile ukuzama kanzima, akunjalo? Inkcazo "yezombusazwe" ithathwa ngumntu oye waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye ilizwe lakhe ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwenkolo, lobuhlanga, ezopolitiko, ukuxinzezela kunye nenkxwaleko, kunye neengcamango zobuhlanga, njl njl.

Abathunywa bezopolitiko abadumileyo, banyanzelekile ukuba bashiye ilizwe labo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo:

• A. V. Litvinenko yi-KGB yegosa lase-USSR, kamva i-FSB yaseRussia, eyayigxeka umbuso waseRashiya kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo ka-Putin. Ukufumana ubukhokelo bezopolitiko e-UK.
• I-BA Berezovsky ngumbuso waseRussia kunye nezopolitiko, umrhwebi oye wathuthela e-United Kingdom ngenxa yokuqalisa amacala amaninzi eebhenxa kwiintlawulo zobuqhetseba, ezama ukumbamba amandla, ukuhlawula imali, apho waba ngumbaleki wezopolitiko.
• E. Snowden ungummeli waseMelika we-CIA, kunye ne-Arhente yeSizwe yoKhuseleko yaseZimbabwe, owathi wafumana indawo yokukhusela i-politiki yesikhashana eRashiya ngokumalunga nokuhlawulwa kwepropati yelizwe, kunye nobuqhawe.

Ukufuduka kutshanje

Ngaphandle kwazo zonke iintlobo zabantu abafudukelayo, kukho i-subtype, njengabafuduki bezithuba-abahlali abaphuma emazweni abo basekuhlaleni baye kwiindawo ezinokuhlala kwiindawo ezikufutshane. Amaqela amabini awaziwa kakhulu ngabantu abanjalo anokuqatshelwa kwimimiselo, ngoku ingaqhelekanga kwiindaba. Izikhundla eziphezulu zithathwa ngabaguqukeli bezithuba ze-United States - abantu abafudukela e-States ukusuka kumazwe aseMntla naseMntla eMerika, kunye (ngokumalunga neemeko zangoku) ababaleki abavela kwimimandla esempuma kunye nentshona ye-Ukraine, abafudukela e-Russia ngokukhawuleza. Izizathu zabo zihlukile. Ukuba abafudula befuduka ngenxa yemeko ephantsi kakhulu yezemali, amaqela amaninzi ase-Ukrainiya athambekele ekungeneni kwintsimi yaseRashiya ngenxa yokugqibhuka kwempi.

Ukufuduka Kwengqondo

Ngaphantsi kweengqondo zokufuduka kwamanye amazwe (ngamanye amagama, ukucola kwengqondo) kuthetha ukuhamba kwabantu abaneemfundo ephakamileyo, iidridi zee-master, kunye namadigri ogqirha, kwamanye amazwe. Ukuhamba okunjalo kuchazwa ngezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo, ezinokuthi zibonakaliswe ngemizekelo elandelayo: udumo oluncinci lwesimo senzululwazi kweli lizwe; Isiseko esingenasisiseko nesiseko sobugcisa, esithintela amathuba okufumana; Iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zezopolitiko; Ukuxhaswa kwemali eninzi, kunye nomvuzo ophantsi, njl. Ukufuduka, njengengcamango yowokufudukela kwamanye amazwe, akuyikho na isalathisi esingcono kunoma yiphina imeko. Umgangatho wayo ubonisa, ngokoqobo, ukuphuma kwabantu beli lizwe, oku kuthetha ukungabikho kwendawo yokuhlala efanelekayo. Iinjongo ezininzi ezifudukela kumanye amazwe zikhula, umzekelo, ama-colonies aseYurophu aseMpuma naseMzantsi Asia, nakwi-Afrika. Igama elithi "ubuchopho beengqondo" kwakhona, ngelishwa, lisebenza kwinani lamazwe angaphambili asezentlalo-ntsapho aseMpuma Yurophu.

Ukufuduka kweRashiya

Ukusuka kwintsimi yelizwe laseSoviet kunye neRussia yamanje nayo ikhona kwaye ikhona, kwaye, ngokungafani nezinye iindawo, le nkqubo inokuhlulwa ibe yimilambo emine (amagagasi). Iyokuqala yabonwa ngexesha nangemva kweMfazwe YaseYurophu. Abanye babantu abadumileyo abadumileyo beli xesha babenemifanekiso evelele yesayensi kunye nobugcisa njengoVK Zvorykin, FI Shalyapin, NO Lossky, NA Berdyaev, nabanye. Ingqungquthela yesibini yenzeka ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini. Umzila wesithathu wabafuduki uthetha kumaxesha "emfazwe ebandayo", oko kukuthi, iminyaka engama-50-90. Isangqa sesine senzeke ngexesha lokuwa kwe-USSR. Kwakunxulumene nokungafani kwimibono yezopolitiko, kunye nokutshabalalisa okwethutyana kwimilinganiselo yokuphila kwezentlalontle nezoqoqosho. Kwinqanaba langoku, kusekho ingxaki yokuphuma koluntu, ikakhulukazi izazi zesayensi, kunye nabafundi abaphakamileyo bamaziko emfundo ephakamileyo.