Ulwazi endalweni engaphili: imizekelo

Ingaba kukho naluphi na ulwazi kwindalo engaphiliyo, ukuba ukuba ithathele ingqalelo iintlobo zobuchule, adalwe umntu? Impendulo yalo mbuzo ixhomekeke kwenkcazo mbono. Intsingiselo "ulwazi" kwi indlela yembali yabantu sele ngokuphindaphindiweyo longeziweyo. Esi sigqibo ukuphembelela uphuhliso ingcamango zenzululwazi, kwezobuchwepheshe kunye namava ezingasetyenziswanga yobudala. Ulwazi kweli hlabathi ezingaphiliyo kunokwenzeka xa siqwalasela esi senzeko ngokwemiqathango kwesigama eqhelekileyo.

definition inketho enye

Ulwazi ngengqiqo emxinwa - umyalezo idluliselwe ngokohlobo isiginali ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye, umntu-to-umatshini okanye kumatshini kumatshini, kwakunye ubomi bezityalo kunye nezilwanyana lomntu ngamnye. Ngale ndlela, ubukho bayo kunokwenzeka kuphela zasendle okanye iinkqubo lwezentlalo-technical. Le kuquka imizekelo iquka ulwazi olunjalo ngokwendalo ezingaphiliyo zakudala njengoko imifanekiso umqolomba, amacwecwe odongwe njalo njalo. Media ulwazi kulo mzekelo - isifundo eso akazalani ngokucacileyo ukuba umba okanye ubuchule ophilileyo, kodwa ngaphandle koncedo idatha efanayo ngamnye kwakungayi kuba zibhaliwe kwaye igcinwe.

indlela ayinyani

Kukho nenye indlela ukujonga: Ulwazi ke luluvo ngokwendalo kwaye kwenzeka kuphela engqondweni yomntu, xa unika izinto ezibangqongileyo, iziganeko, njalo njalo intsingiselo ethile. Lo mbono nemiphumo umdla ubhalo. Ngoko ke, ukuba ngaba akukho bantu - akukho lwazi, iinkcukacha kunye imiyalezo naphi, kuquka kulahleke ulwazi kunye kwindalo ezingaphiliyo. Ulwazi kule ngobuwena, ukumiselwa uba inzululwazi luluvo, kodwa hayi ihlabathi lokwenene. Kodwa ke ukuba umbe nzulu kulo mba.

Inkcazelo ngokubanzi

Ifilosofi lolwazi ichazwa njenge uhlobo non-eziphathekayo intshukumo. It sizalwa nangayiphi na into, kuba linentsingiselo ethile. Kufuphi kule nkcazelo amagqabi kunye nokuqonda ebonakalayo kwikota.

Enye iingqiqo abaphambili umfanekiso lesayensi - eneji. It bananisa zonke izinto eziphathekayo, kwaye rhoqo. Ukutshintsha imeko yokuqala Kolunye kuzo ibangela utshintsho kwenye. Yemvelo yale nkqubo kuthathwa uphawu transmission. Le signal, enyanisweni, umyalezo enye ithunyelwe nge kwisifundo esinye kwaye ufumane ezinye. Olu lwazi. Ngokutsho definition ezinjalo, impendulo yombuzo ekuqaleni kweli nqaku ayintsokothanga ezintle. Ulwazi endalweni ezingaphiliyo - iintlobo ngeentlobo ukuva into enye ukuya kwenye.

Umthetho wesibini obizwa

Ngokuya ngqo definition: ulwazi - ngumlinganiselo iyala nkqubo. Apha ke kubalulekile ukukhumbula enye imithetho ezisisiseko physics. Ngokutsho komthetho yesibini obizwa, ivaliwe iinkqubo (zezo musa ukusebenzisana nangayiphi na indlela nokusingqungileyo) kusoloko uqhubeke ukusuka kwindawo wayalela ukuba ingalawuleki. Umzekelo, eksperimenti ingcamango: Yongeza nesiqingatha ivaliwe igesi kwisikhongozeli. Emva kwethuba, uya azalise umthamo ngaphandle, oko kukuthi, siyeke angayalelwa ukuba kangangoko ukuba. Kulo mzekelo, inkcazelo yokuba sesikolweni liya licuthwa, ekubeni ucwangco.

Ulwazi kunye entropy

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ukuqonda mihla iphela ayikho sisixokelelwano esivalekileyo. Lubonakala ziinkqubo zintsonkothe ngesakhiwo kunye nokwanda odola, yaye ngenxa yoko isixa iinkcukacha. Ngokutsho kwithiyori Big Bang kuye okoko kwasekwa iphela. Okokuqala wabonakala amasuntswana nezakhiwo, kwaye ngoko ke compound ezinkulu molecule. Kamva baqala ukwenza iinkwenkwezi. Zonke ezi nkqubo luphawulwa odolwa eziqalelo kwesakhiwo.

Ngezi bokuqonda ngokusondeleyo okubonisa ikamva iphela. Ngokutsho komthetho yesibini obizwa, ilindela ukufa bubushushu ngenxa yokwanda entropy, ixabiso ulwazi malunga. It singachazwa njengento umlinganiselo Isifo kwinkqubo. Umthetho wesibini obizwa ithi ukuba entropy kwenkqubo evaliweyo njalo kwandisa. Nangona kunjalo, ulwazi lwangoku akanako ukunika impendulo ngqo kumbuzo indlela ongena ngayo yonke indalo.

Amanqaku iinkqubo ulwazi kwindalo ezingaphiliyo kwinkqubo evaliweyo

Yonke imizekelo yolwazi endalweni ezingaphiliyo iimpawu ezifanayo. Yinkqubo olunye-eqongeni, ukunqongophala iinjongo, isixa ilahleko umthombo kunye nokwanda receiver. Cinga iipropati ekhankanywe ngokweenkcukacha.

Ulwazi endalweni ezingaphiliyo ngumlinganiselo amandla wenkululeko. Ngamanye amazwi, oku ichaza ubuchule bale nkqubo ukwenza umsebenzi. Xa engekho amandla lwangaphandle lonke ixesha xa kusenziwa imichiza, umoya, oomatshini, okanye enye umsebenzi yi ilahleko vuhlayiseki lwamandla simahla, kunye nalo, kunye nolwazi.

Amanqaku iinkqubo ulwazi kwindalo ezingaphiliyo kwinkqubo evulekileyo

Phantsi kwempembelelo yangaphandle inkqubo uyakwazi ukufumana ulwazi okanye inxalenye yayo, ilahlekile enye inkqubo. Kulo mzekelo, le yokuqala iza kuba umlinganiselo wamandla simahla, ngokwaneleyo ukuze benze lo msebenzi. Umzekelo onguwo - njalo-ebizwa magnetization ngezinto ferromagnetic (izinto zinakho magnetized xa kungekho mhlaba otsalayo lwangaphandle phantsi kweemeko ezithile). Azuza iimpawu ezifanayo ngenxa logwayimbo kombane, okanye ubukho bezinye iimagnethi. Magnetisation ke uba ibinzana ebonakalayo kwinkqubo yokufumana izinto, isixa esithile ulwazi. Ukusebenza kulo mzekelo, iya kubonelela intsimi ngemagnethi. Iinkqubo Inkcazelo kulo mzekelo, elinye-ibakala yaye akukho njongo. Ipropati yamva kakhulu buyazohlula ngezenzeko ezifanayo endalweni. iziqwenga ngabanye, umzekelo, inkqubo magnetization nto ayizange ilandelelwe usukelo zehlabathi. Kwimeko ephilayo, usukelo enjalo - Yindibanisela imveliso kwemichiza, ukugqithiselwa kwezinto sofuzo kwaye njalo njalo.

ulwazi Law Nongrowth

Enye into le ukudluliselwa kolwazi endalweni ezingaphiliyo kukuba ukwanda kolwazi umdlali luhlale lugcwele ilahleko yaso kwi umthombo. Oko kukuthi, kwinkqubo ngaphandle impembelelo yangaphandle iinkcukacha ze kwandisa. Olu lungiselelo ngenxa umthetho non-ukuhla entropy.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezinye abaphengululi ingqalelo ulwazi kunye entropy imibono twatse ne uphawu esahlukileyo. Eyokuqala umlinganiselo inkqubo odola, kwaye eyesibini - randomness. Ukusuka lo mbono, inkcazelo entropy negative. Noko ke, le mbono yabiwa asingabo bonke abaphandi babe ingxaki. Ngaphezulu, kufuneka ukwahlula phakathi entropy thermodynamic kunye nolwazi. Bayinxalenye ulwazi lwenzululwazi ezahlukeneyo (physics kunye nolwazi ithiyori, ngokulandelelanayo).

Ulwazi kwi sekuba

Ukufunda umxholo othi "Information kwindalo ezingaphiliyo" iklasi yesikolo 8. Abafundi kule ngongoma ayide uqhelene ingcamango quantum physics. Noko ke, bayazi ukuba izinto eziphathekayo lungohlulwa lube olukhulu kunye micro-ihlabathi. Le yokugqibela ngumbandela kwinqanaba enjalo apho kukho elektroni, protons, neutron kunye nezinye amasuntswana. Apha, imithetho classical of physics badla esebenzayo. Ngelo xesha, ulwazi olukhoyo sekuba.

Asiyi lokumba ithiyori quantum, kodwa wathi amanqaku eziliqela kuluncedo. Xa entropy sekuba hlobo ayikho. Noko ke, kweli nqanaba, impefumlelwano amasuntswana zenzeka kwilahleko yamandla simahla, lubeuluchazo elikwindawo apho kuyimfuneko ukwenza umsebenzi nayiphi na inkqubo kunye nomlinganiselo lona ulwazi. Ukuba amandla free unciphisa, kwaye unciphisa ulwazi. Oko kukuthi, umthetho sekuba Nongrowth ulwazi saphawula.

Philisa ngemvelo engaphili

Nayiphi imizekelo ulwazi indalo ezingaphiliyo, yokwazisa bafunda kwibakala lwesibhozo engenakusebenza ubugcisa, ukungabikho idibene iinjongo apho ulwazi egcinwe, luyasetyenzwa idluliselwe. Kuba into ephilayo eyahlukileyo. Kukho injongo ephambili kunye eliphakathi Kwimeko eziphilayo. Ngenxa yoko, yonke inkqubo yokunyuselwa, inkqubo, ukudluliselwa kunye nokugcinwa ulwazi oluyimfuneko ukuze ukudluliselwa izinto inzala njengelifa. iinjongo esiPhakathi ukuba ugcine usebenzisa iintlobo kweempendulo hormone zokuziphatha, eziquka, umzekelo, ulondolozo homeostasis nokuziphatha yokuqhelaniswa nezifundo.

Imizekelo ulwazi indalo kwiQela zithi ukunqongophala propati. Homeostasis, ngasendleleni, ukunciphisa iziphumo umthetho non ukwanda-ulwazi kukhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni into. Ubukho okanye engekho iinjongo ezichazwe - omnye umahluko omkhulu phakathi ziyaphila kunye nohlobo ezingaphiliyo.

Ngoko ke, singafumana imizekelo emininzi enomxholo othi "Iinkcukacha kwindalo ezingaphiliyo": imifanekiso iindonga emiqolombeni yamandulo, umsebenzi ikhompyutha, ukukhula ziikristale crystal engxondorheni, njalo-njalo. Noko ke, ukuba abathanga ithathele ulwazi akhawunti ngamnye (imifanekiso ezahlukeneyo, njl) kunye nezixhobo thina, izinto zemvelo ezingaphiliyo zahlukile kakhulu iimpawu iinkqubo zolwazi ziyenzeka kubo. Apha ke kwakhona: Single-eqongeni, ayibuyiseki umva kwakhona, ukunqongophala injongo, ilahleko kunqandwa kolwazi umthombo ngexesha ukudluliselwa ukuya receiver. Ulwazi endalweni ezingaphiliyo ichazwa njengendlela inkqubo oda. Xa sisixokelelwano esivalekileyo, xa kungekho impembelelo sangaphandle uhlobo umthetho wathobela ulwazi Nongrowth.