Ukuphonononga kwincwadi ethi "The Master noMargarita" (uMikhail Bulgakov)

"Mfundisi noMargarita" - wobugcisa ukuba akukho ngabandayo amagqabi. Umntu owayo uthandana le ncwadi zokufunda yokuqala; umntu ethatha iminyaka ukuqonda kule ncwadi; lo gama ezinye izizathu ingqumbo "The Master noMargarita." Ukuphonononga le ncwadi, abafundi zahluke kakhulu. Noko ke, bonke ngamxhelo bayavuma ukuba Roman Bulgakova - na wobugcisa engenakonakala.

A bit malunga Master uMikhail Bulgakov

Ngumdali edume bale "Mfundisi noMargarita" yaziwa, Kakade ke, njengoko yingqondi, oko akuzange kumthintele ukuba umntu iintsilelo zakhe. Mihailu Afanasevichu Bulgakovu wafumana ithuba lokuphila womelele emangalisayo. Kwelinye icala - imfazwe yamakhaya, utshintsho Outlook lonke ilizwe, ingcinezelo, ukutshatyalaliswa kunye nentlupheko. Kwaye phezu kwelinye - uphuhliso olukhawulezayo uncwadi, uloyiso iifom ezintsha, imifuniselo ngqindilili kunye nentsingiselo esingalindelekanga ongunaphakade.

Njengokuba inzala lentsapho lwezempilo ngempumelelo Bulgakov ukususela ebuntwaneni ukuba baphile, hayi ngokunciphisa ngokwabo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, waba ugqirha - wayefuna ukwenza imali entle. Nangona kunjalo, i-revolution ka-1917 eyaphazamisa yakhe yebhongo. Fumana umsebenzi onesidima ngokuhlawula ixesha elide ayikwazanga. Yokuphelelwa lithemba, Bulgakov waba wayelikhoboka icaffeine. Nguye ngenkankulu enkulu ndalahla nalo mkhwa. Ukuze ukoyisa isilingo kwakhona ukwenza shot morphine, Bulgakov waqalisa ukuba abhale oko kudala wasicinga.

Italente ugqirha oselula waqala waphawula. Kwaye Bulgakov wafudukela eMoscow ukubetha kufutshane nombindi ubomi zoncwadi kweli lizwe. Noko ke, ukuze babe odumileyo, ngoxa kuyimfuneko ngaphezu imisebenzi buchopho - kwakudingeka ukuba unxulumano. Kwaye ukuze kwenziwe, kwakubalulekile ukuba ukunxibelelana rhoqo abahleli kunye nabapapashi. Apha kuphela kubiza imali eninzi. Kwaye ukuze kufumaneke kujikelezo kwi kwizangqa ekunene, umbhali echithwe phezu kwayo yonke intsapho kuthetha ukubeka izacholo rhoqo amaqabane. Ukongeza, yena bazifihla lonke phambi umfazi wakhe - Tatyana Lappa, umqhathile kwakhe, kwaye xa kuvela ithuba umtshato, akashiywanga nakwizibetho zabo ngaphandle msebenzi nemali.

Kungekudala, ngumbhali ngifuna utshate Luba Belozerskaya, eyaba unobhala wakhe Ndithelekelele. Kwi i "Ukuqhuba" umdlalo imiliselwe kwiinkumbulo yakhe yokuphila elubhacweni kubhaliweyo. Kwakhona weza indlela entsha ukwazisa kaMagarita. Ukuba lo mfazi negalelo ekuyilweni 'Days of Turbin, "" I-White Guard "yaye" Intliziyo Inja. "

Kodwa ke wadibana umfazi uHelen Shilovskaya umphathi yakhe edumileyo, uMikhail Bulgakov waphulukana intloko yakhe, yaye emva kokuba inoveli elide wamhlangula kwindoda yakhe. Kuyinto inkxaso obhinqileyo lo mbhali ebudeni kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe. Yaye emva kokufa kwakhe kwenziwa kwinoveli okugqibela apapashwe, leyo Bulgakov wabhala - ". INkosi noMargarita" Ukuphonononga encwadi emva kokupapashwa kwayo kwakukho kakhulu inxaxheba ngolangazelelo olukhulu. Not indima mncinane kule wadlala uvalwe ixesha elide kwi-mveliso owenza inoveli zithandwa kakhulu.

Imvelaphi kwinoveli

Abanye abahlalutyi zoncwadi wabiza lo msebenzi "Faust XX kwinkulungwane.". Ayimangalisi loo nto, kuba Bulgakov ehlaziyiweyo yaneempawu ezininzi wobugcisa Goethe kaThixo. I-reference lokuqala ke epigraph yenoveli "... Ngoko ke ngubani na, kunjalo? Mna yinxalenye yaloo amandla ngonaphakade ithanda okubi phakade abasebenza okulungileyo. " Imbonakalo lokuqala Woland uqhuba udondolo kunye yintloko poodle, njengoko iinqanam (Mephistopheles, Faust wenza indlela yakhe ekhayeni ngokohlobo a black dog). Kwakhona ndiwuthabathile imisebenzi Goethe, igama ophambili - kaMagarita. Isalathisi ku "Faust" libali ka Frida ikrwitshele umntwana wakhe engekho. Ngoko wenza uMargaret, akuba wazala umntwana yi Faust.

Isigigaba intloko Berlioz kwindawo ibhola kwi Woland - kubhekiswa kuloo maphupho ethandwa Roman Belyaeva "iNtloko Professor Dowell kaThixo". Berlioz kunye nencoko abangenawo amakhaya kunye noSathana theses ezininzi nesimbo embhoxo incwadi Ehrenburg "Extraordinary Adventures Hulio Hurenito" (1922). inkcazelo abuhlungu ubomi kunye nezithethe zabantu abaqhelekileyo kufutshane satires Zoshchenko kunye ethi "The Golden ithole" yi Ilf kunye Petrov (neziqephu "Rookery"). Phakathi kwezinye izinto, uthando umgca "Mfundisi noMargarita" reference ngqo kubomi yabucala Bulgakov. Ngexesha ubhala incwadi, wadibana ngasese kunye Elena Shilovskaya ukuba elide akazange nabuganga makangahlukani nendoda yakhe ngenxa abantwana.

nokubhaleka

"Mfundisi noMargarita" kuthiwa inoveli kwinoveli, njengoko iziganeko ngoku ke cwangciso kuba imisebenzi koPontiyo Pilato. Le ncwadi ngokucacileyo nokubhaleka eziliqela. Oku ikakhulu libali uthando The Master noMargarita. Inikezelwa ngaxesha-nye ibali Pontiyo Pilato kunye umprofeti ohambahambayo kaYesu aqotho. Indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa kwimbali nasekusungulweni Ivan abangenamakhaya, leyo ngumdali imibongo ephantsi-grade bange iba zezenzululwazi kakhulu.

Njengoko sisazi, Bulgakov yaba ulwalamano ngomthwalo kakhulu nabanye ababhali, abapapashi kunye nabahleli. Ngenxa kwezizalwane, ukubawa, kungekhona ingqondo kunye imbonakalo eliqingqiweyo abaninzi kubo, uMikhail Afanasievich babeye ukuwela ukuze kuphunyezwe ukupapashwa imisebenzi yakhe. Ngelo xesha, inkoliso yemisebenzi yakhe kuphela brilliant, kodwa ezifanelekileyo ngexesha lakhe. Apha nje kukhethwa kudla inikwa ukuxolelwa-careerists. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, nabo bakugculele Massolit ngo "Mfundisi noMargarita" unikwa indawo ekhethekileyo.

Isakhelo kwaye ngexesha elinye ikhonkco wazo zonke nokubhaleka ezi Woland kunye nabalandeli bakhe. Banduluka wobuthongo of maqhawe ukunyanzela ukuba enze. indima yabo kwinoveli lalibhekisela epigraph, ngokuthe ngcembe ukhokela umfundi kwisigqibo sokuba kuluntu zabyvshem uThixo, indima okulungileyo nobulungisa kufuneka bathathe uSathana needemon zakhe.

Umba "INkosi noMargarita"

Kule ncwadi, ukuba wakhuliswa imibuzo emininzi "engunaphakade". Okokuqala, oko inkolelo lomntu ngamandla kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ekuqaleni kwinoveli, Berlioz kunye neqabane lakhe ngesibindi ukuqhayisa ukuba abakholelwa kuThixo yaye ngokwabo elilawula ikamva labo. iziganeko elandelayo ngabona falsity izigwebo zabo. Kwakhona kwimveliso sithuba saneleyo unikezelwa ubudlelwane phakathi italente kunye noluntu. Ngoko ke, ukudala phezulu-grade, ngokutsho umbhali, ukhuseleko lwezimali misebenzi ezifunekayo kunye nenkululeko ukukhetha izihloko.

uluntu Modern ababhali Mihailu Afanasevichu emlonyeni imixholo, kwaye kwakhona kwezi ukuhlola engqongqo kwemibhalo yazo. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba, abahlalutyi abaninzi, Bulgakov ngalo mba iyaphikisana ngokwakhe. Kuba inkoliso ngemisebenzi yakhe ndabhala zoluntu, ekhefu phakathi kowona msebenzi. Enye ingxaki yenoveli ewolo ineradicable wemvelo. Umzekelo, imigulukudu kunye nomnikelo elinomona eMoscow, kunye Yershalaim yamandulo. Ke bayilungisa ngokwahlukileyo, baye iinjongo ezahlukeneyo kunye nendlela yokuphila, kodwa psychology ayikhange zatshintsha ukutyhubela iinkulungwane.

Ukuphonononga kwincwadi ethi "The Master noMargarita": abalinganiswa abaphambili ngokusebenzisa emehlweni abafundi

Ukuba bagxeki becala ngehlombe ngayo, abafundi kufuneka iimbono ezahlukeneyo abalinganiswa yenoveli. Eyona ixakayo i Wizard isimilo. Abanye bayamthanda ngenxa yingqondi, ukuba inokubhabha ngaphezu ebomini okanye iimbambano nehlabathi lwanamhlanje. Abanye babembiza yingqondi, kodwa yokuzingca. Ngoko ekutyebeni, akazange afune ukunceda abanye, yaye uchitha wonke. beqhawe UMargaret ucinga njenge Ndithelekelele, hayi njengomntu wokwenene. Umthanda, kodwa ingakumbi ukhathazekile malunga nayo kwizibetho zayo. Ukuhlala esibhedlele, iNkosi Musa ukungxama ukuhambisa iindaba ngawe, ngoxa yena uba uphambene ukusuka usiphongomisile.

Okunye ukubuyekeza kwincwadi ethi "The Master noMargarita" ngokuchasene Mfundisi kunye imbongi abangenawo amakhaya. Ngenxa yoko, kuqala, kakade, yingqondi, kodwa ababhali amanye ibhekisela ikratshi ngaphandle kokuba ufunde umgca enye yesihobe abangenamakhaya, Nkosi yenza imbongi kwimo impambano neentloni imisebenzi yabo. Kule meko abafundi abanalo ithuba thelekisa indalo ezimbini ababhali kunye nokwenza isigqibo sokuba ingaba namalungelo iNkosi.

Ekubeni kokupapashwa inoveli, noMargarita babelufumana impendulo ilungileyo evela kubafundi. Njengoko umatshini we umlinganiswa ophambili wathabatha uHelen Shilovskaya, uMikhail Bulgakov ( "I-Master noMargarita"). Ukuphonononga le ncwadi, abanye abagxeki zoncwadi zibonisa ukuba lo mlinganiswa kukwakho features of umbhali zokuqala ezimbini ababhinqileyo. Umdlali oyinhloko - umfazi uthando owaba igqwirha for tapered kwaye bathatha inxaxheba coven lukaSathana.

Kubafundi kufanele kuphawulwe ukungafezeki lo mfanekiso. Ngoko ke, Shilovskaya kudala washiya umyeni wakhe ngenxa abantwana. Kodwa Bulgakov wenza Heroine namntwana yakhe. Ngoko akucacanga ukuba kutheni, xa uthando olukhulu enjalo, wahlala kunye nomyeni wakhe ixesha elide. Abaphulaphuli ukholelwa ukuba kaMagarita - yokubala ishweshwe narcissistic, ngenxa nesithukuthezi zavedshaya mcimbi. Abanye abaphandi, ukubhala ncomo sencwadi ethi 'The Master noMargarita ", bakholelwa ukuba umlinganiswa ophambili - uhlobo lwe Faust Bulgakov. Ngapha koko, oko Kwandile wathengisa umphefumlo wakhe ngenxa ukufuna injongo ebomini - iNkosi.

Ukuphonononga kwincwadi ethi "The Master noMargarita": "I yeVangeli Woland," kunye nomfanekiso koMsindisi

Omnye wabalinganiswa ezininzi ngokumangalisayo kwinoveli - Voland. Kwenzeka ukuba, igama livela efanayo "Faust." Lowo weza eMoscow ukujonga uluntu nabuganga ukuphila ngaphandle kuThixo. Kulo mzekelo, uMtyholi zakhe needemon-abancedisi ke elunge ngakumbi, bebekekile ngaphezu ezininzi abahlali ikomkhulu likaThixo. abafundi abaninzi baye izimvo ezibhalwe kwincwadi ethi "The Master noMargarita", wabiza lo msebenzi "yeVangeli kaSathana." Ngoko, Voland uthe ababhali kuTixo ezimbini inguqulelo yakhe imbali kaKristu. Xa intshumayelo yakhe uYesu nguThixo oligorha, kodwa onenceba iba sobulumko nokutshutshiswa, babengazi ngokupheleleyo yamandla ayo.

Kuyo yonke le ncwadi Mephistopheles Bulgakov usoloko uthetha amabinzana ibubutyobo iziyalezo kaKristu. Ngokomzekelo, khumbula ilizwi Sathana: "Musa ukucela nto! Yenza nto, ingakumbi abo banamandla kunawe. Ngokwabo baze bona ngokwabo konke ukuthanda! ". Le ibinzana odumileyo - ephambene ngqo ngoko kuye bathi kuYesu: "Celani, nophiwa; funani, nofumana; nkqonkqozani, kwaye niya kuvulelwa kuni ... ".

Uthando umsebenzi

Inkoliso yabo abafunda umsebenzi Bulgakov, bayibiza ingoma uthando ongapheliyo, eshiya ncomo zencwadi. "Le Mfundisi noMargarita" - inoveli malunga neemvakalelo, eqaqambileyo, womelele, abanothando, kodwa engaqhelekanga. Ngalinye abalinganiswa abaphambili va uthando, kodwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Nobuchule uthando, Marguerite entliziyweni yakhe banikwa indawo uthi, njengoko abathile.

Ngelo xesha linye nesithandwa sakhe umfazi - lo intsingiselo yobukho. Master batsho nethuku zakhe ithule koomama. Yena uthanda ukuthatha unonophelo kuye, ukuthatha unonophelo ukulwela kuyo. Abangenawo amakhaya ukuba imbongi ngubani na esibhedlele, nayo iba Ndithelekelele kaMagarita. Yaba yena waphupha ngakho iminyaka emininzi.

Umfanekiso ubomi yiSoviet kwinoveli

iingxaki Housing bebesoloko efanelekileyo. Noko ke, ababufumene isikali oyikisayo ngexesha lokubhala senoveli. Inyaniso kukuba emva revolution ekhangela umsebenzi eMoscow yagcwala abalimi abangenamihlaba, abasebenzi kunye nabantu imisebenzi yengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, ikomkhulu USSR nje ngokwenyama akazange akwazi ukulungiselela bonke. Ngoko isithuba eziphilayo ngokomrhumo. Kwaye zeza ukusebenza umthetho phantsi apho ummi ogwetyiweyo athimba isithuba ephilileyo, ukuthiywa abamelwane ngenxa yokufumana amagumbi zabo zibe kakhulu nezolo.

Le Bulgakov akazange asilele ukuba ukhankanye emsebenzini wakhe. Ngoko ke "umhlobo" Wizards - Aloysius Magarych ukuba ulidle ilifa yokuhlala wakhe, wabhala ukulahlwa. Kwakhona Voland, Muscovites ukubukela imidlalo yeqonga, wathi le ngxaki izindlu ezimbini nempembelelo kuzo. Phakathi kwezinye amatye kwamanzi ubomi Soviet, esichazwa Bulgakov waba ngamagosa bakrwada, ubukrwada ngokubanzi, ukunyoba, ukunqongophala kokutya, iimpahla kwaye kakhulu ngakumbi.

anika umdla

Malunga inoveli Bulgakov zifumaneka zibakala ezininzi umdla:

• Voland namaqabane akhe zonke ezinye iziphene imbonakalo. Yaba kubhekiswa bekholelwa ukuba zonke iingelosi igqibelele emzimbeni, needemon - konzakala njengophawu ekuthinjweni.
• Umlinganiswa engundoqo ngokuyinxenye yabhalwa Bulgakov kunye naye, waza ngenxalenye walinxiba ngeempawu N. V. Gogolya. Ngenxa yalo yokugqibela kwinoveli izandi ngqangi ukungonakali binzana.
• Inguqulelo yokuqala wayebizwa ngokuba hero ukuba ndiyinkosi, nembongi.
• Nangona uninzi iimpawu kaMagarita andizamkelanga umfazi lesithathu Bulgakov, ngamnye abafazi bakhe kamva bazibiza ukuba ivezwe kwi inoveli yakhe Bulgakov.
• Isihlobo ezikude umlinganiswa ophambili, leyo yena sayithi thsuphe kwebhola - ukuba mhlawumbi kaMagarita Navarrskaya (koroleva Margo), okanye Marguerite de Valois.

Roman ophelileyo Bulgakova washiya ngasemva imibuzo ngaphezu iimpendulo. Namhlanje, Noko ke, enkosi Internet, umfundi ngamnye Ungazama ukuyiphendula ngokwakho. Kumaqonga amaninzi enikelwe inoveli, nabani na ushiye uluvo malunga kwincwadi ethi "The Master noMargarita", ubhale isincoko, uphononongo okanye izibongo.