Icebreaker "iNkokeli": iimpawu kunye photo

Eyona ndlela iphambili kuphuhliso oLwandle Northern Route kukuqinisekisa ukuthunyelwa izinto kwezimbiwa ekrwada, yaye lo msebenzi eli lizwe kufuneka yinkokeli icebreaker entsha. Ukuphunyezwa kweeprojekthi zotyalo entsimini kwezibonelelo izimbiwa (elinanye kubo enxulumene ne-oyile negesi, yaye abane - kunye amalahle kunye nezimbiwa esikrwada, kuquka ezikhoyo yaye bembalwa - Norilsk, Dudinka, New Port Dickson, "Yamal LNG" kunye nabanye) Oku kufuna ukuba sendleleni oluqhubekayo. Nangenxa kwixesha elide, eyona nangoko, - ukwandisa NSR yendlela, nto leyo okwangoku asebenza icebreakers linear, apho ezine atomic abane-diesel-zombane. Abayi ngokwaneleyo, ngenxa yokuba kuya kuba zezala maxesha kwaye kufuneka icebreaker yinkokeli kungekudala.

Isimo kunye nemisebenzi

Xa amanzi oLwandle Northern Route na, njengoko kuchaziwe, iinqanawa ezisibhozo: enyukliya "Vaigach", "Taimyr", "Yamal" yaye "Iminyaka 50 ka woloyiso", kwakunye iinjini diesel "uCaptain Dranitsin", "Kapitan Khlebnikov", "Krasin" yaye "Admiral Makarov". lweziseko Port kuphuhliso yayo lujolise ngokupheleleyo kuphuhliso amasimi oyile negesi, kwaye ukuvela iinqanawa ezintsha mihla, yintoni na yinkokeli icebreaker elizayo, naye ngenxa ngokupheleleyo nemigodi. Loo isitya kunye deadweight engaphezulu kwemali enye ikhulu lamawaka kweetoni kunye neemitha ngaphezu amahlanu ububanzi, ziya kwenziwa ngabahambi zothutho unyaka-ngeenxa zonke ecaleni kwendlela elwandle. Isantya, leyo uthembisa ukuba abe yinkokeli icebreaker, icwangciswe cost-olusebenzayo - kuba malunga neshumi elinesihlanu amaqhina umkhenkce echumayo.

uyilo lokuqala lwaqhutywa "Krylovskiy SSC" kunye noMthetho "Iceberg". Ukususela ekuqaleni, waba entsha nuclear-enikwe yinkokeli icebreaker (iprojekthi LK-110YA). Yena uyakwazi ukunikeza unyaka-ngeenxa zonke yokukhangela nokupheleka zonke hambo ukuya Arctic. Inqanawa wayefanele ukuba ibe enkulu - ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabini eemitha ubude yaye ububanzi mane. Uyivula imithi, ngokwegama le projekthi, icwangciswe malunga 110 MW (okotshiweyo sesihloko: LK - ice-ungumgqithi, 110 - amandla, mna - isityalo amandla enyukliya). Ngokoqobo zonke ecaleni NSR ezifunekayo icebreakers, ekwaziyo ngokoyisa ngumkhenkce ububanzi kunye eziimitha ezintathu ezinesiqingatha. Kodwa kukho nenye iprojekthi - LK-120 MW, ithemba fleet lethu Arctic, bethetha ngayo iza kuxoxwa ngezantsi.

amacebo

Kwinxalenye yasentshona Arctic umkhenkce ayikho obukhulu - iimitha ukuya ezintathu, ngoko ukubonelela icebreakers yokukhangela ngalo naliphi na ixesha lonyaka, nokuba bathe nomthamo megawatts ukuya ku zaba ngamashumi omathandathu. EMpuma, yonke loo ndlela, imeko ice yahluke kakhulu. Ngoko ukuxhasa unyaka-ngeenxa yokukhangela ecaleni iNorthern Sea Route, ukwandiswa ubomi leenqanawa ezikhoyo enyukliya-enikwe zicwangciselwe (ezicwangciselwe ngaphambili iiyure ikhulu lamawaka, kwaye ngoku - elinamanci mahlanu). Kwaye ngeli xesha ukwakha wazibeka ukusebenza isizukulwana esitsha koomatshini jikelele kabini-idrafti zenyukliya, kunye inkokeli icebreaker (iprojekthi LK-110YA). Izicwangciso ezinjalo yayikhona kuze-2008, xa icebreakers ezintsha kwakufuneka abeke ukusebenza.

Ngenxa yoko, i "eSiberia" yenyukliya-enikwe yalungiswa, yaye edume "Arctic" wazalwa ngo-1972, nto leyo ishokoxekile ngokupheleleyo oovimba bayo, waba ngoJuni 2016, indawo "Arctic" entsha, ukukwazi endaweni icebreakers ezimbini - yaye ulwandle-uza ice imitha emithathu, ukuze sisebenze imifula. Noko ke, ukuvulwa akuthethi uwugqibe wonke umsebenzi. Ekugqibeleni, lo icebreaker ziza kubekwa ukusebenza ngoDisemba 2017, ukuba zonke kuhamba ngokwesicwangciso. Le nqanawa elungileyo kakhulu, kwaye kuyimfuneko kakhulu, kodwa ke akukho inkokeli efanayo. Uphawu kukuba inkokeli icebreaker ice passability nga kwandisa ukuya eziimitha ezintathu ezinesiqingatha. Ngaphezu koko, zaye zandisa ireyithi kobusika, kodwa ngenxa yokuba deck ziya kunikwa ngaphandle waphula imiqathango nokuziswa iimpahla. Alikho ixesha iimeko konyaka okanye zemozulu ziya Ungakhathazeki icebreaker LK-110YA ( "inkokeli" - iprojekthi ikhowudi kulo mzekelo). Development bexakekile CDB "Iceberg" kunye negama OKBM Afrikantov (UFakelo Nuclear).

Njani umsebenzi

Ngo-2015, ihlabathi akukubona oko inkokeli icebreaker zenyukliya-enikwe, nangona wayekulungele project kuphela. Ngo December wonyaka uthe kwaqhutywa Fifth International Forum lunikezelwa langoku ikamva Arctic, kunye Krylov Centre Uphando saso wabonisa ethembisa umfuziselo ikamva le nqanawa. Loo icebreaker, inkokeli projekthi 10510. amandla alo icwangciswe kwi megawatts omnye elinamanci mabini, kwaye yakhiwa iya kuba yiminyaka esibhozo okanye elithoba. Khawuleza nalo akunakwenzeka, kufuneka sibe izibonelelo efanelekileyo kunye umthwalo izithuthi. Ngo-2015 kuye kwagqitywa uyilo lokuqala, yaye ngowe-2016 yenzelwe and Technology. Ngoku ulungiselela amaxwebhu kuyilo. Ngokusebenzisa lo msebenzi, inkokeli icebreaker entsha iya kuphindwa ezahlukeneyo kumanqanaba yokutrima.

Waza Kubinka waba iqonga ngamazwe "Army 2016", apho model thaca kwakhona, kodwa eyahlukileyo ukusuka yokuqala. Iprojekthi Design zatshintsha imilo kakhulu. icebreaker Nuclear project "iNkokeli" iyaphuhliswa ziinkampani eziliqela. Kuqala kwinto zonke, CDB "Iceberg" - umphuhlisi ephambili Krylovskiy SSC ukuba uyavumelana nawo ngamnye ngoyilo. Kulo mzekelo, ukuba ingaphandle litshintshile kakhulu. Ngowe-2017, ukuphunyezwa practical zophuhliso yaqala.

ukusebenza bit

Uyilo, nto leyo eya kuba Leader icebreaker nuclear (Project 10510) ekhethekileyo, oko uyakwazi ukunikeza le iintambo ngokusebenzisa ngumkhenkce, nokuba abathwali ezinkulu bulk zidlula apho, abo ngoku usebenzisa i Route Sea Northern ayikwazi. Igama elitsha kwimbali ushishino imikhumbi kuya kungena into inqanawa iya kuba nayiphi na kwakulaa ezimbanjeni kule core (isakhelo), nto leyo ifanele inike permeability ezizodwa kakhulu ngumkhenkce, nto leyo aninako ukwenza nayiphi na eli icebreaker eklasini. Abayili ziqikelela yaye bafumana izisombululo ezintsha zobugcisa inkokheli icebreaker, Ubeko photo ibekwe ekuqaleni nasekupheleni review zethu, ngokulula singoyisa ezintathu ezinesiqingatha kunye neemitha ezine ice ubukhulu kunye amahlanu, ukupheyiva ngenxa iinqanawa isiteshi ububanzi neemitha ngaphezu amahlanu.

Yaye ngokutsho 'obhityileyo "umkhenkce (iimitha ezimbini!), Kuya kwenzeka ngaphandle ukunciphisa isantya amaqhina elinesine. Namandla, izicwangciso kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo, sele kubonakala ukuba ayanelanga. One anamanci mabini megawatts kufuneka mazibenalo ubuncinane elona inkokheli intloko icebreaker, 110 MW abayili sele ingqalelo amandla kakhulu esiqhelekileyo sondo enjalo. Emva kuthotho icebreaker aqhelekileyo LK-60 eemitha-ezimbini umkhenkce ihamba ngesantya kwindawo ezimbini kuphela, kwaye liyakwazi ukuba atyhudise kwingoma akukho ngokubanzi kwe ezingamashumi amathathu anesithandathu eemitha. Ophephela ebhodini entsha iza kwenziwa yesixhobo graphene, yaye akukho analogue ehlabathini. Le mveliso unique anihlasele ukuba ngumkhenkce, ezakutshintsha imilo ukuze lusebenze ngokuxhomekeke isantya icebreaker, nto leyo ethetha ukuba isantya isikhephe asilahlekanga, kodwa uya kufumana ububhetyebhetye. Ekwindla ka-2017 uphando - lwamanani, ubuchule kunye nezintsonkothileyo - sele zigqityiwe, kwaye lugqithiselwa neemvavanyo. ukuzimela isitya izicwangciso nyanga ezisibhozo-(ixesha yohambo ngaphandle kokubiza kwi izibuko), kwaye isithuba yokusebenza - iminyaka emashumi mane. INtloko icebreaker Leader (Project 10510) ezicwangciselwe ukuba ufake inkonzo ngo-2024.

manani

Ukongeza intloko isitya icebreaking, ziyaqhubeka ziphuhliswa kunye nezo ngazo ekuqaleni kweli nqaku - yinto icebreaker yinyukliya-enikwe, inkokeli ye 110 MW. Ukubana iitoni 600 ngu 55, ubude - ubuninzi 206, yaye ububanzi - leemitha 40, ubunzulu - 20 eemitha, elitshisiweyo - 13, kwaye zokusebenza ubuncinane - iimitha ezili-11. Baya kuxhotyiswa ophephela ezintathu. Amanzi acocekileyo iza kuhamba ngesantya amaqhina 24 ndawaphula le ice ububanzi ukuya kwiimitha 3.5. icebreaker olunjalo luya kufuneka liqembu yabantu 127.

Kwaye ukulinganisa, intloko lweempawu inkokheli icebreaker (Project 105110). Ukubana aphezulu kakhulu - iitoni 71380, ubude 209 m, nobubanzi 47.7. Intlenge kule isitya iyafana - 13 eemitha. Kodwa inkqubo reactor inamandla kakhulu ngakumbi. Raktora apho kuya kubakho ezimbini - RITM-400, ezo imveliso ekufudumaleni 350 MW. A isitya igunya, njengoko sesitshilo ngasentla, 120 MW. Ngokutsho uluhlu icebreaker ingami kungaphelelanga, amalungiselelo ukuzimela - iinyanga ezisibhozo. amanani umdla correlating rate isitya patency kunye ice: Ebubanzini 4.3 m - 2 node, njengoko okusuka ka-2 m - 15 amaqhina. Ububanzi umjelo, leyo kucaba icebreaker - 51 eemitha.

At eliphezulu

Kuba ukusekwa icebreakers ezinjalo sele yamkela isigqibo ngurhulumente waseRashiya, apho imali inikwe umsebenzi ukusombulula iqela lemibutho - Ministry of Industry Russia, Russian Ministry of Transport, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeMali kunye State Corporation "Rosatom". zokwakha Uthotho ziya kuqala emva ko-2020. Uyilo lokuqala namhlanje ilungile, kunye nokwakhiwa icebreakers yaqala 110 MW. A icebreaker intloko-Inkokeli kabini lunamandla ngoku phantsi kolwakhiwo - shestidesyatimegavattnyh, njengoko kuchazwe sele ngoMeyi 2015, nguDmitry Rogozin. Isigaba uphuhliso uya koyiswa kumyalelo uzicwangcisile izifundo kukona isindululo yobugcisa, ngoko ke uyilo lokuqala, emva kokuba le projekthi isebenza ngendlela yaye ekugqibeleni.

Kunye neminyaka emibini kamva, ekupheleni kukaJuni 2017, eSt Petersburg wavula International Maritime yoKhuselo Bonisa, apho Aleksey Rahmanov, uMongameli imikhumbi Corporation, waxoxa okuninzi malunga amathemba kuzisa ulwakhiwo icebreaker 10510 "iNkokeli" projekthi. Waphawula ukuba Ministry of Industry na ngemali le projekthi kuphela kumsebenzi okokuqala, kuba kwiinkalo zobugcisa kodwa wasebenza ngokwaneleyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukuyilwa kwenkqubo zemali ukwakhiwa yayo alikafiki iqalile. nexesha icebreaker ukusebenza baye ngaphambili bafudukela komnye unyaka. Ku ekuqaleni lumele lenze oko 2023, kwaye ngoku ebizwa ngokuba th 2025.

Indlela kwenzeka

Uhlobo nathembisayo icebreakers ukuba elizayo zonke iingcali ubona Russian 10510 iprojekthi icebreaker zenyukliya "iNkokeli", kubandakanywa LC-110YA kunye LC-120YA). Umsebenzi ophambili ukuba isikhephe esinjalo - ukubonelela unyaka-ngeenxa zonke yokukhangela lonke ubude koLwandle Northern Route kunye nokuqhuba i uhambo le Arctic. komthombo eendaba ezininzi ziye zaphawula ukuba Rosatomflot wathembisa ukwakha inqanawe enjalo 2023 e Severodvinsk okanye St Petersburg, yaye indlela ukwenjenjalo kuya kunika inkqubo sotsekonomrazvitiya i-Russian Arctic, kwaye kwisithuba ukuya ku-2020 iya ngemali, kwaye kwixesha elide.

Noko ke, ngo-Apreli 2017 iSebe loPhuhliso lwezoQoqosho waphazamisana isindululo ukulungiswa ngokucokisekileyo nkqubo, ngaphandle mali ka asibhozo billion engange, leyo izicwangciso imali kulwakhiwo isitya. Mhlawumbi lo sigqibo kuyaqondakala: ukuba zithathe inxaxheba kwiprojekthi omkhulu onjalo zombuso kufanele kuphela. Eli lizwe a lot of capital zabucala, nto leyo eyingenelo kakhulu ekudaleni ice-ungumgqithi, ukuvulwa yokukhangela ngeenxa ngaselwandle Northern Route.

Maritime Defense Bonisa

Enkosi kwi-International Maritime woKhuselo Bonisa, yaye nangona izohlwayo anti-Russian, abathunywa amaninzi amazwe wayeqhelene ngokusondeleyo kakhulu le projekthi ibe icebreaker entsha. Kwakukho iintloko zemikhosi yamajoni aselwandle kumazwe ahlukeneyo, njengoNobhala Navy kwaye inani elikhulu ekwakheni amazwe, yaseYurophu ubukhulu becala. Baba nomdla kakhulu izicwangciso zingadityaniswa waselwandle yethu, yaye, umgaqo, ukuba into umdla abazange kufa naphakade.

Arctic umxholo - wonke ezizodwa. Zonke iiprojekthi ze icebreakers Russian ziye zaqatshelisiswa bafunda iindwendwe kwamanye amazwe, kodwa icebreaker "iNkokeli" kubini umdla kwawo nokuba ziimvuzemvuze manga. Ezinkulu icebreakers ngokwaneleyo zenyukliya "eSiberia", "phambene", "Arctic" izakubekwa ukusebenza ukususela 2019 de th-2021, yaye zonke isiqingatha umthamo - 60 MW. Kwaye oku - inkokheli, yena megawatts bakhe, belikhulu elinamanci mabini ziya kuba nako ubaqangqulule umkhenkce phantse akukho zithintelo - iimitha ubuncinane ezintlanu ububanzi.

imibono isazi

ngokuba izitya icebreaking ngenxa Vuka, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ulawulo lwezithuthi - kunye nuclear kwakunye non-yenyukliya - beza imfuneko ukubethelela, - ukuba iingcali Russian weza lo mbono. Kwilizwe lethu, Kakade, kukho ezinye izibonelelo ukwakha icebreaker fleet elinamandla, yaye ngokuqinisekileyo oko kuya ibango ngokupheleleyo kwi-Arctic, njengoko eJozi apho lukhula rhoqo. Nakuba kunjalo, ukwakhiwa iimpahla Arctic kufuneka lukwazi ukumelana ngeendleko zikarhulumente kulo. Ngokutsho kweengcali, kuyimfuneko ukuba lo mmandla kwaye ukuba nomtsalane kutyalomali lwabucala ukuya kulwakhiwo icebreakers ezintsha.

Umthamo ekuthumeleni ecaleni NSR (Sea Northern Route) -2016 kwaba malunga ezisixhenxe kunye neetoni nesiqingatha sesigidi, kunye kokufika icebreaker, ngokubonelela unyaka-ngeenxa yokukhangela, uya kukhula ukuya asibhozo million. Kakade ngawo 2024 zokuhamba uthembisa ukuba ngaphezu kweetoni amane ezigidi. I impahla ephambili - oyile, kwerhasi yendalo, isinyithi, namalahle. Corporations abazibandakanya imigodi kunye nokulungiswa kwezimbiwa, ikakhulu unomdla inkangeleko yale icebreaker eklasini. Lithembisa kubo inzuzo emikhulu, ngoko sabo.

imithombo Arctic

Uphuhliso ecwangcisiweyo kwezibonelelo Arctic unyaka nonyaka kwandisa ukuhamba kwempahla ecaleni NSR. Ixesha le kuphuhliso lwezamazhishini kunxulumene ngaphezu kwabo bonke ekufundweni kwiindawo ezintsha kunye neendawo obuninzi, kuqala - oyile negesi. Lo msebenzi sele ehamba ixesha elide, kwaye isiphumo yaba Norilsk mveliso, Kola Mining, Nenets kunye oyile negesi kushishino Yamalo-Nenets, kwakunye nezinye izinto ezinkulu endleleni ukusuka Kola ezininzi i Chukotka Peninsula.

Nanamhlanje, i-Arctic - yi asibhozo ekhulwini negesi, elinanye ekhulwini kwimveliso ye-oyile, alithoba anesihlanu ekhulwini yokutsala nickel nekhulu ekhulwini - apatite. Zonke izimbiwa ezisinika le mimandla, yaye kunzima ukuba lokubhengeza. Impahla traffic kwi Arctic ixhulumane ngokupheleleyo ukuthunyelwa ezi mveliso, yaye abaninzi amashumi ezigidi eetoni. Kuyafuneka kuphela ice okuchasene, kodwa iinqanawa impahla ngokwaneleyo, kunye neklasi liphezulu, umzekelo - Arc-7. kufuneka liphindwe Inani ice okuchasene ubuncinane, kuba yonke into ngoku usebenza sele Uphelelwe isevisi yesiqinisekiso ngexesha lokugqibela.