Fonvizina isebenza: uluhlu lemisebenzi

Yintoni imisebenzi Fonvizin eyaziwa kubafundi mihla? Kakade ke, "Oaf." Ngapha koko, comedy yinxalenye yekharityhulam yesikolo. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba lusiba lombhali Russian bangamalungu amanqaku abalulekileyo, iinguqulelo abalobi angaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, imisebenzi yokubhala zoncwadi satirical intsapho ningazi Prost isebenza Fonvizin hayi kuphela.

Yintoni enye wabhala umdali comedy basekhaya? Yaye kwiminyaka kamva ukuba umbhali, "ignoramus" yoko kunzima ukupapasha indalo yazo?

Umbhali Russian asemzini

Umbhali wahlala kwaye wasebenza ngexesha uCatherine. Fonvizina isebenza bendingayi kuba wadala ukuba omnye iminyanya comedy zange ukufumana enye ekuthinjweni Russian. Ngumdali loonobumba ezifana Prostakov Starodum kunye Mitrofanushka waba imvelaphi amazwe, Noko ke, yaba yeyona Russian zonke ababhali Russian zenkulungwane elinesibhozo. Ubuncinane kangangoko ngaye Pushkin wathi.

imisebenzi translation

Umbhali kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, ngoko ke waba ngumfundi-Faculty of Philosophy. imisebenzi Fonvizina zimele kukuba zobugcisa wokubonelwa zenkulungwane elinesibhozo. Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuba ufumana ingqalelo, umbhali iminyaka emininzi begqolozele phezu iinguqulelo bemidlalo abaziwayo amazwe kwaye yamandulo. Kwaye bafumane kuphela amava, waqalisa ukubhala Ukuqamba yokuqala.

translation yoncwadi ophambili kweli nqaku yaqala ngempazamo. Xa omnye Abathengisi St Petersburg weva ulwazi kwawo kwancamisa iilwimi zasemzini. Usomashishini wamema lo mfana ukuba kuguqula Russian imisebenzi Ludvig Holberg. Denis Fonvizin abanyamezela ngayo umsebenzi. Ke wawa phantsi kakhulu-NMMU ezivela labavakalisi.

umsebenzi wokubhala

Xa yaqala ukubonakala imisebenzi yokuqala Fonvizin? Uluhlu imisebenzi yakhe encinane. Ezantsi apha kukho uluhlu lwe imisebenzi enzima neempapasho kwisihloko kwezopolitiko. Kodwa kufuneka uthe amagama okuqala ambalwa malunga inqubo lombhali.

Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane elinesibhozo eYurophu kubekho ingcamango emfundo fashion, omnye wabaseki kwawo uVoltaire. Umbhali Russian happy ukuguqulela imisebenzi uHorace French. Okuhlekisayo, yayo ayifani Fonvizina usebenza isimbo lwamandulo, mhlawumbi, lo msebenzi osemqoka, leyo luphenjelelwa ubuchule uVoltaire kaThixo. Kwiminyaka xa umbhali batyelela abakuthandayo ingakumbi iiklabhu esebenzayo, comedy wadalwa kuqala.

"Foreman"

zezifundo zoncwadi wanceda Fonvizin sikhwele leri ebutsheni bakhe, kodwa zaba nefuthe elibi eyilayo zombhali ebudaleni. Translation yintlekele yeentaka wabalaselisa uKumkanikazi. A impumelelo ethile bafumana comedy "uBrigadier".

publicism

Ngowe-1769, umbhali wangena inkonzo Count Panin, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba ubhale imbali yezopolitiko. Igama lo msebenzi iyavumelana ngokupheleleyo kunye nexesha apho umbhali wayephila, "Intetho kwi kokutshatyalaliswa naluphi na uhlobo urhulumente kunye karhulumente zyblemom Empire kunye akwa."

Xa xesha uCatherine abantu abafundileyo wavakalisa ngokwabo kakhulu komhlana, nkqu ukumkanikazi ngokwakhe, leyo, ngokuzenzekelayo, akazange ayithande loo msebenzi. Inyaniso kukuba lo msebenzi, umbhali bagxeka kunye Catherine, nangokuthanda kwakhe, befuna iinguqulelo siseko. Kulo mzekelo, nokuba nobuganga asongele ubhedu.

in Paris

Ngaphezu kweminyaka emibini wachitha France Fonvizin. Ukusuka apho, waba imbalelwano rhoqo kunye Panin kunye nabanye abantu ezifana-nye. imiba yezentlalo kunye nezentlalo ezithe zaqatsela zombini iileta kunye nemibhalo. Journalistic isebenza Fonvizin, uluhlu leyo kancinane eyaziwayo ababephila, nangona kungekho ukuhlola engqongqo kuloo minyaka simanzi banxanelwe utshintsho, umoya loHlaziyo.

nemibono yezopolitiko

Emva kotyelelo eFransi, Denis Fonvizin wabhala "iingxoxo 'omtsha. Eli xesha, baba ezinikele nemithetho karhulumente. Kulo msebenzi umbhali yaphakamisa umbuzo serfdom. Kananjalo, ndikholose imfuneko siyitshabalalise; nangoku wayephantsi kweempembelelo i "Pugachev 'kwaye ngoko kuphakanyiswa ukuba balahle serfdom aphakathi kancinci.

Fonvizin wayenza umsebenzi de ukufa kwakhe. Kodwa ngenxa akahambisani uKumkanikazi wayengasakwazi ukupapasha imisebenzi yakhe eziqokelelweyo. Okokugqibela, kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye imisebenzi Fonvizin.

uluhlu lweencwadi

1. "Foreman".
2. "Oaf."
3. "Iimpikiswano malunga nemithetho karhulumente ufunwayo."
4. "Ukhetho komfundisi."
5. "Ukuncokola kwi Nkosazana Haldin."
6. "Ukuvuma."
7. "Korionov."

"Confession," umbhali udale, iminyaka ihambile. Lo msebenzi ngokuphila kwakhe. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umbhali Fonvizin ikakhulu wabhala amanqaku kwiimagazini. Nakule uncwadi Russian, Fonvizin weza ongumbhali zikwenza kubonakale ngathi ukuba uhlobo classicism. Yintoni na le lwalathiso? Ziintoni iimpawu zayo?

imisebenzi Fonvizin

Classicism na indlela, esekelwe phezu kwemimiselo rationalism. Imisebenzi thaca ukuvisisana ukholo ziyathotyelwa ngqo normativity enkondlo. Amaqhawe comedy "I-Minor" zahlulwe zibe akhabayo kunye navumelanayo. imifanekiso iphikisana ayikho apha. Kwaye kwakhona uphawu classicism.

Wazalwa olu lwalathiso eFransi. Le classicism Russian eyahlukileyo orientation satirical. Xa imisebenzi bemidlalo French kwindawo yokuqala yaba mxholo yamandulo. Kuba Russian classicism uphawu mibala yesizwe-zembali.

Eyona phawu imisebenzi kakhulu kwinkulungwane elinesibhozo - umanyano ixesha nendawo. Iziganeko "Oaf" zenzeka kwi Prost usapho ekhaya. Yonke into echazwe inkqubo ezihlekisayo, nithi ngaphakathi iiyure ezingamashumi amabini anesine. Fonvizin inkululeko abalinganiswa bakhe bathethe amagama. Skotinin amaphupha iilali apho eninzi iihagu ingca. Vralman uzenza ukubafundisa Mitrofanushka, besenza ignoramus hi ndlela yin'wana eyoyikekayo ngakumbi ngokulahleka.

Comedy linayo imfundo umxholo. ingcamango Educational iye yaba nefuthe elikhulu yonke imisebenzi Fonvizin. Umbhali ufuna ukutshintsha inkqubo yezopolitiko. Ke mna ndiyakholwa ukuba ngaphandle imfundo, naluphi na utshintsho kuya kukhokelela okutyekisayo, "Pugachev" okanye ezinye iziphumo ezibi kwezentlalo nezopolitiko.