Ukumodareyitha ... Ukuziphatha: iintlobo, inkcazo

Le ngcamango, njengomyalo, ibhekisela kokubini kunye nezinye iinkqubo zengqondo ezichaza izinto ezibonakalayo zeempawu zengcamango kwanoma yiyiphi ingxaki kunye nezinga.

Ngokuhambelana nemimiselo ekhoyo, umntu unokuhlawula zombini ukuvakalelwa, kunye nemibono kunye nemibono.

Ukutolika kwegama ngeli phepha

Ukumgangatho wohlobo luhlobo lokubonakalisa inzuliso kwinkqubo ekhoyo yoluntu yomntu (uhlolo olubonakalayo, olubonakalayo, oluthile). NgeLatin, eli gama lithetha "indlela".

Imodareythi ehamba phambili yinto yokhetho lomntu "yokutya okuvelayo", apho umntu ekwazi khona okwenzekayo.

Ngokungafani neempawu zendawo, ubunzulu kunye nexesha leemvakalelo, iimpawu ezikulo mbuzo zibonisa iimpawu ezithile zenkcubeko ngokuphathelele kwifom yabo eqhotyoshelwe ngqo. Ngokomzekelo, ubude bevolumu elukhanyayo lubonakala njengokukhanya, kwaye ukuvakala kwamaza okuvakala kubonakala njengetoni.

Ukuziphatha ngokwezengqondo kuyigama eliqhelekileyo kunye neendlela zokujonga izinto eziphambili, kunye neziteshi zokusetyenziswa kwangaphakathi kwenkcazelo yolwazi.

Iintlobo zokuziphatha

Inyaniso eyaziwayo kukuba inkqubo yokutya yomntu oyedwa iyodwa kwaye iyodwa. Kwakhona imeko yinto ebizwa ngokuba yinto yokutya.

Ezi zilandelayo zidibaniso zeemodareythi ziyahluka:

1. Iziboniso - ezibonwayo (imifanekiso, umbala, imifanekiso ebonakalayo kunye nokukhanya).
2. Abaphulaphuli - abaphicothiweyo (izandi, umculo, imifanekiso ephicothoweyo kunye neentetho).
3. I-Kinesthetic - tactile (touch, muscular kunye ne-skin emotion, ngaphakathi kwemizwa).
4. Ingqiqo - isemantic, ibstract, discrete (imiqathango, ukuqiqa, iingcamango eziqhelekileyo).

Le ndlela yokujonga iyakhethwa. Ubunqwenelekayo ukusetyenziswa kolwazi olufunyenweyo alufumanekanga kwimpembelelo. Ifomu enengqiqo yokumodareyitha isebenza njengesitishi sesibini. Kodwa ulwazi olufunyenwe kumasebe aphambili lunokucutshungulwa ngumntu ukuze alahleke konke ukudibanisa nabo (isitishi semantic). Ibonisa inkqubo yokuqonda ulwazi usebenzisa ulwazi olungabonakaliyo.

Ngokutsho kwenzululwazi yaseRussia I.P. I-Pavlova, imodeli enengqiqo yinkqubo yesibini yomqondiso. Le ndlela isetyenziswe rhoqo ngabazinzulu njengezonxibelelwano, uzama ukuyenza isebenze phakathi kwabantwana besikolo.

Ukunxibelelana, iindlela zokuqala ezintathu zibaluleke kakhulu. Phantse wonke umntu unomzila wokujonga ulwazi olukhoyo olukhoyo ngaphezu kwabanye.

Kule nkalo, kukho isidingo sokuhlangabezana nokulamba, kodwa akukho naluphi na ulwazi, kodwa luphela olufunwa ngumntu ohamba phambili.

Ukucaca ngakumbi, kubalulekile ukunika umzekelo: ukuxazulula umsebenzi, umntu oyedwa uya kudibanisa iimpendulo ngeendlela zokubhenca ephepheni, kwaye enye-ukuyibiza ngokuzwakalayo, yesithathu-iya kudibanisa izinto eziphuculweyo.

I-Kinesthetic yokujonga umzila

Le yimiqathango yokuvakalelwa, oko kukuthi, ukuqonda komzimba, okubizwa ngokuba yi "sensation sensation". Baye bahlula phakathi kwangaphakathi (intlungu, ukuphumula kunye noxinzelelo, ukuvakalelwa kwemisipha, ukuvakalelwa kweentshukumo kunye nokuhamba, umsebenzi wezitho zangaphakathi) kunye ne-zangaphandle (ubushushu (kubanda nokushisa), ukugudla, uxinzelelo).

Imigudu ye-Kinesthetic yokujonga ixubene ngokusondeleyo kunye neemvakalelo ezibonisa ukuvakalelwa kwangaphakathi, kwaye zichazwa ngokuthetha ngendlela efanayo. Ngokomzekelo, "kulula kwintliziyo."

Kukho ne-osmic modality of sensations (olfactory - taste and smell). Ngokuqhelekileyo eli nqanaba lokujonga lidibanisene kunye kunye nesondlo. Nangona kunjalo, iphunga kunye neengcamango zibhekiselele kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuqonda, kodwa ke umntu uhlalutya ngokufanayo, kwaye kule nkalo zihlanganiswe ndawonye. Umzekelo unokuthi ibinzana: "inambitheka encinci", "iphunga elimnandi," njalo njalo.

Ngaphandle kovumba, i-palette yokutya iyaphela. Ngokwenza oko, oku kuya kuqinisekiswa yinto exhaphakileyo xa umntu onokungahambi kakuhle (ukuxinaniseka kwesisu) kuthatha ukutya okubonakala kungenakulungeleka kwaye kutsha, nangona ilungu elijongene nemisebenzi yengqumbo ngokuqhelekileyo.

Ukuthotyelwa kwezigwebo

Oku, kwinqanaba elithile, lichazwe kwisigwebo esifanelekileyo, ulwazi olongezelelweyo malunga noluntu olunengqiqo okanye lwalo nangoko, kunye nokuhlola, ukulawula, ixesha leemeko kunye nezinye iimpawu.

Ukuthotyelwa kwezahlulelo kubhekiswe kwiintlobo ezibalulekileyo kunye eziqhelekileyo njengokuba:

• Umdlalo;
• Ulwahlulo;
• Deontic;
• Axiological.

Ingundoqo ye-aletic modality

Imelelwe kwisigwebo, esibonakaliswe ngokwemigangatho echaseneyo njengoko kufuneka-ithuba, ithuba-ukuba akunakwenzeka kwindlela ecacileyo okanye eyona ngqiqo yolwazi. Ukuchaneka, amagama athi "ngengozi" kwaye "mhlawumbi", kunye neentetho zawo, zijongwa ngendlela efanelekileyo kule meko ngolwimi lwethu.

Iintlobo ze-aletic modality

Bamelelwa ngala mithintelo:

1. Ingxaki (isigwebo malunga nokuba kwenzeka isiganeko). Ngoku umzekelo ongentla ungathabatha ifom elandelayo: E-Russia, ukulungiswa kuqhutywe ngokumalunga namaQumrhu oPhezulu. I-Assertory (izigwebo malunga neyona nyaniso). Umzekelo: E-Rashiya, amaQonga oMkhosi ngoku ahlaziywa. Njengoko kunokubonwa kumzekelo, akukho nto ibonakalisa indlela yokuziphatha, kodwa kuphela into eyenzekayo iyafumaneka.
2. Abagwebiyo (izigwebo malunga nokufuneka komcimbi). Umzekelo: E-Russia, kuyimfuneko ukufezekisa amaninzi amashishini ngokumalunga namaQumrhu oPhezulu.

Ifom yeDeontic yokuziphatha

Isebenza kuphela kwimisebenzi yabantu, imigaqo yomthetho kunye nemigaqo yokuziphatha kwabo kuluntu.

Indlela yokuziphatha yeDeontic yisicelo esichazwe kumgwebo, umyalelo, umyalelo okanye iiluleko ezikhuthaza izenzo ezithile. Le migaqo ingaba yinto evamile (kuquka iinkqubo zomthetho). Ukubonakaliswa kwendlela yokubonakalisa imbonakalo yembono ngokuqinisekileyo ngamazwi: "avunyelwe", "inyanzelekileyo", "inqatshelwe", njl njl.

Ukwahlula kwemodeli ye-deontic ngokuxhomekeka kwimeko ekhoyo yemimiselo

Kule nkalo, izigwebo zilandelayo:

1. Kukho okanye ukungabikho komthetho. Zibonakaliswa ngamagama afana "okulungileyo", "avunyelwe", "avunyelwe", njl.
2. Kukho okanye ukungabikho komsebenzi. Amagama awenza izigwebo: "kufuneka", "kufuneka", njl njl.

Inkcazo yobume bokuziphatha

Iyakulinganisa ubungakanani benyaniso yolwazi. Ukuthotyelwa kwee-Epistemic - oku kuboniswa ngokugwetywa kolwazi malunga nezizathu zokumkelwa kwalo kunye nezinga lokusebenza. Oko kukuthi, kwinkqubo yokwabelana ngolwazi ngexesha lokunxibelelana kwabantu, ukuqonda ngokucacileyo kwezizathu zokuvuma okanye ukungamkeli ukuvavanya, izimvo, idatha echanileyo evezwe ngamazwi, njl njl.

Iinjongo ezininzi kunye nokuzimela, izinto zangaphandle nezangaphakathi zichaphazela isigqibo sokwenza uluvo, obaluleke kakhulu kubonakala njengengqiqo (izigwebo ezibonisa iinkolelo) kunye ne-extralogical (izigwebo ezisisiseko kwaye zibonisa ulwazi). Ukubonakaliswa kwale modal of perception kwenzeka ngamazwi: "ayinakukhutshwa," "ayinakuvunyelwa," "inqatshelwe," njl.

Uhlobo lweendlela zokuziphatha

Bamelelwa ngamacala amabini:

1. Isiseko sinokholo. Umzekelo: Ndiyakholwa ukuba yonke into iya kuhamba kakuhle.
2. Isiseko solwazi. Umzekelo: Ngobu bungqina bamangqina, u-Ivanov akazange athathe inxaxheba kulo myalelo wokuba ulwaphulo.

Axiological modality

Imelelwe ngokumalunga nomntu kwizinto zokomoya kunye nezinto eziphathekayo kwaye zibonakaliswe ngamagama anjengokuthi "okubi," "okuhle," njl. Umzekelo wale modal isingcebiso: Kuhle ukuba kwaqala ukuna.

Inkalo yeelwimi yokusetyenziswa kwalo mqondo

Ukuziphatha ngendlela yolwimi (isiNgesi) yinto ekhethekileyo, ebonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka, ukufuneka, ithuba.

Izitenzana ezi-5 eziphambili zizodwa , ezine zazo zixesha elidlulileyo (kuboniswe ngezantsi ngegama elifanayo "/").

Ngoko, kufuneka ubhale uluhlu:

• Unako / unako;
• Meyi / amandla;
• Ngaba / kufuneka;
• Ngaba / uya
• Kufuneka / ayikho.

Nangona kunjalo, le ngcamango iboniswa kungekhona nje ngezenzi zentetho, kodwa ngokuncediswa ngoncedo lwezalathisi zemiqathango, njenge:

• Mhlawumbi (okunokwenzeka);
• Ngokuqinisekileyo (mhlawumbi);
• Mhlawumbi (mhlawumbi) njl