Ubungqina bomntu kaFrud: ubuncinane, izigaba, inkcazo

I-Psychoanalysis ngo-Freud isekelwe kwiingcamango ezibini ezibalulekileyo. Isiseko sokuqala-i-genetic - kukuba amava afunyanwa ngumntwana ebuntwaneni, anempembelelo enkulu ekubunjweni komuntu ekudala. Ingundoqo yesibini ibonisa ukuba umntu ekuqaleni unomlinganiselo othile we-sex-libido. Yiyo libido ekuphuhlisweni komntu ogqithisa amanyathelo athile, emele ukudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo kwendalo, ingqondo kunye nemisebenzi yesondo.

Iingcamango zamagatya amane ekuphuhlisweni komntu zabizwa ngokuba yi "Theory of Freud's personality" kwaye inomdla wokwenzululwazi kunye nentsholongwane yengqondo kunye noogqirha. NgokukaFreud, ukuphuhliswa kobuntu bomntu kwenzeka ngexesha eli-4, elowo lixoxwa ngezantsi.

Isigaba 1. Isigaba somlomo.

Kwisigaba somlomo kukho umntwana osemdala ukususela ekuzalweni ukuya kunyaka owodwa. Ngethuba lexesha umntwana uxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kumama, kwaye ukutya kuyona mthombo omkhulu wokuzonwabisa. Ingcamango kaFreud yobuntu igxininisa ukuba kweli nqanaba, umntwana unomnqweno omnye kuphela-ukuxhamla kokutya, kwaye ngoko ke ummandla ogqithiseleyo unomlomo, kuba ngumthombo wokutya kunye nokuhlolwa kokuqala kwezinto ezizungezile.

Isigaba 2. Isigaba se-Anal.

Isigaba esilandelayo sokuphuhliswa komntu siyalwa, esimalunga nobude obubandakanya ubudala bomntwana ukususela kwiinyanga ezili-12 ukuya ku-1 ukuya kumnyaka wesithathu wobomi. Imfundiso kaFreud yobuntu ibonisa ukuba ngelo xesha umntwana uqala ukufunda ukulawula imisebenzi yemvelo yomzimba wakhe. Ngeli xesha, i-libido igxininisa i-anus, ngoku into yento yengqalelo yomntwana.

Ubulili bobantwana ngoku bufumene ukwaneliseka ekulawuleni imisebenzi yomzimba womntu (ngaphezu kwayo yonke, ukuchasana nokugqithisa). Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngokwe-Freud ngethuba eli xesha umntwana ujongene neminqophiso yokuqala. Ihlabathi langaphandle ngoku liye likhusele umqobo. Ukuphuhliswa kweli nqanaba kuzuza umlingani weengxabano.

Isigaba 3. Isigaba sePhalli.

Ummandla omtsha ogqithisileyo ubonakaliswe kumntwana oneminyaka emithathu ukuya kwimithandathu. Ngoku i-libido igxila kwindawo yesini. Kule nqanaba, abantwana baqala ukuqonda nokuqonda ukuhlukana kwezesondo. Umntwana uqaphele nokuba ubukho bepenis, okanye ukungabikho kwaloo nto.

Ngokutsho kukaFreud, ngeli nqanaba umntwana sele evuyiswa kukuvuselela izitho zangasese, nangona kunjalo ukuxolisa okunjalo kudibaniswa nobukho bokugqibela kubazali.

Isigaba 4. Ixesha elide.

Eli xesha libonakaliswe ngumyalelo wokubonakaliswa kwezesondo ukuya kwinqwenela, ehambelana nokuhlukana komntwana ojikelezayo wehlabathi. Ixesha lexesha elifutshane lihambelana neminyaka emi-5 ukuya kwe-12. Umsebenzi wesondo ngexesha eli liyancitshiswa, i-libido ayizinzile, umntwana uzama ukuchonga "yena".

Ingcamango kaFreud yobuntu ibonisa ukuba iimvakalelo zesini ngexesha elithile lixhaswa yiminqweno ye-aesthetics, kunye nokuziphatha, ukuhlazeka nokuhlazeka. Kule minyaka, uphuhliso lomntu lwenzeka ngokudibanisa iinkqubo ze-biological, kunye nokuchaphazela inkcubeko nemfundo.

Isigaba 5. Isigaba somzimba.

Ukutshintshwa kwisigaba sokugqibela sokuphuhliswa komntu kuhambelana nokutshintshwa kwezinto ezithandwayo zesondo, ukuvuya kunye nokwaneliseka kummandla wesini. Umzimba wokuphonyula ngelo xesha kubalulekile ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno zesondo.

Ekugqibeleni, siyaqaphela ukuba imfundiso kaFreud yobuntu yayisisiseko sokwenza isiseko se-genees of psyche yabantwana: uphuhliso lwabantwana luhambelana namanqanaba okufuduka kwemida ye-libido.