Ukukhubazeka engqondweni - is ... amaqondo kunye neentlobo yokudodobala kwengqondo. Abantwana ukukhubazeka engqondweni

Wawucinga ntoni xa usiva ibinzana elithi "ukukhubazeka engqondweni"? Oku, kuba ngokuqinisekileyo, sikhatshwa hayi imibutho ezimnandi kakhulu. Ulwazi abantu abaninzi kule kurhulumente ikakhulu ngokusekelwe kwiTV eshukumayo, nto leyo inincedayo ke wokuzonwabisa zidla wagqwetha nezibakala zokwenene. Light ukukhubazeka engqondweni, umzekelo, asiyiyo na uhlobo ezimbi apho umntu kufuneka bodwa kuluntu. Ngenxa yoko, nathi adibana rhoqo nabantu abanjalo, kodwa ukwahlula umntu oqhelekileyo esitalatweni phakathi umntu esempilweni kwaye Ugula ngengqondo Uye nzima kakhulu.

isingeniso

Njengoko oogqirha bathi, ukukhubazeka engqondweni - sisifo, iphambili leyo mhlawumbi kuthengwe (baby ukuya kwiminyaka-3) okanye ukwehla naso ingqondo. Kulo mzekelo, akukho phantse akukho ukukwazi obusebenza ngayo. Kodwa sphere ngokweemvakalelo kule sifo engazivumeli: izigulane banokuziva antipathy novelwano, uvuyo kunye usizi, intlungu kunye novuyo. Noko ke, abantu ukukhubazeka engqondweni ubunzima iimvakalelo hayi nje ezininzi nezintsonkothileyo kunye neemvakalelo, njengoko kubantu abasempilweni. Kufuneka kwakhona uqaphele into yokuba esi sifo akanako inkqubela. ukukhubazeka engqondweni - inqanaba ezinzileyo ayenengqiqo zaphuhliswa ngaphantsi-. Nangona amatyala ziye zaphawulwa nokuba indyebo yalo ekuhambeni kwexesha ngenxa yokuba ifuthe imfundo, uluntu, imfundo.

Izinto ezibangela ukukhubazeka engqondweni

intelligence Human lichazwa yimiba yokusingqongileyo kunye yemfuza. Abo abantwana abanabazali abazizidalwa engqondweni une - oku iqela umngcipheko. Baya ukuphuhlisa ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, nangona transmission yemfuza, ngenxa yoko, kunqabile kakhulu. Nangona ukuvela yemfuza, kwaye abanye inkqubela kule ndawo, ibangela 70-80% amatyala kwaye azinako ukusekwa. Kaninzi aveza kwiimeko ezininzi kakhulu. Kodwa ke wosondeza ujongo kwi miba zixhaphakileyo bandiqumbisayo le meko.

ezibangela kwangaphambi

Urhulumente isizathu zidla ngokuvela ukungaqheleki chromosomal, yemfuza, isifo luvo. ukukhubazeka engqondweni kwaye zibangela izifo iziphene ezibangelwa cytomegalovirus, yintsholongwane rubella,-HIV. abazali, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, utywala, iziphumo ekukhuleni kosana olungekazalwa ityhefu kukhokelela kukuba abantwana bazalwa yokudodobala kwengqondo. Ukuboniswa kwezinto radiation, methylmercury, ilothe, iziyobisi chemotherapeutic nazo ngamanye amaxesha kukhokelela ekubeni iziphumo ezinjalo.

kubangela intrapartum

Iingxaki ezihlobene ne luhlaza, prematurity, kunye ukopha kwinkqubo luvo, ukuzalwa kunye forceps, breech ntetho, ukukhulelwa ezininzi, intrapartum zizalwa kwandisa umngcipheko yokudodobala kwengqondo. Kodwa ke kakhulu kuya kuxhomekeka ukukhathalela umntwana kwiinyanga zokuqala ezimbalwa emva kokuzalwa kwakhe.

ezibangela kokubeleka

Ukungabikho ngokweemvakalelo, emzimbeni, inkxaso ngokwasengqondweni, oyimfuneko ukwenzela uphuhliso, ukukhula, lithathelwe kwezentlalo, ukutya okungenazakha kule minyaka yokuqala yobomi - ezingunobangela eqhelekileyo yokudodobala kwengqondo ehlabathini lonke. Sifo kungaba ngenxa yintsholongwane, kobuchopho wentsholongwane egazini, meningitis, ukungondleki, ubuthi, ukwenzakala entloko njalo njalo.

The degree of yokudodobala kwengqondo

Esi sifo, njengayo nayiphi na, uye iindlela ezahlukeneyo apho yahlulahlulwe yaba kumlinganiselo, iifomu, njl Ulwahlulo kwesi sifo sibangelwa iintlobo zalo ikhosi yesidanga. Bekela bucala izidanga zilandelayo yokudodobala kwengqondo:

• ukukhanya xa kwinqanaba IQ yahluka ngaphakathi amanqaku 50-69;
• avareji xa amazinga asukela 20 ukuya amanqaku-49;
• enzima, apho ngaphantsi kwe-20 amanqaku IQ.

Njengoko lo mzobo uzimisele? Isigulane kwakunikelwa Kwathi umsebenzi uvavanyo, iziphumo apho uyakwazi kugweba ukuba ithile enoba kukancinane okanye izifo. Nangona, kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba kwisahlulo oku ngokuthe ngqo. Classification kufuneka athathe ingqalelo kungekuphela nje iqondo ekunciphiseni bekuliphi inqanaba lengqiqo; kodwa inqanaba ngemfanelo ngumntu. Not njalo kwaye uxhotyiso olunyiniweyo kunxibelelwano, self-care, nokwanela, ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo zoluntu, njl

Yintoni na izibalo?

umdla kakhulu kukuba ngaphezulu kwe-3% yabantu behlabathi uhlala ngaphantsi kwe-70 kwinqanaba IQ, kodwa ukukhubazeka engqondweni kakhulu kuvandlakanywa% 1 kuphela. Oku kubonisa ukuba xa uphethwe kuthathelwa ingqalelo ezininzi izinto ezongezelelweyo. ukukhubazeka engqondweni olukhulu iqatshelwe abantwana, kungakhathaliseki ukuba intsapho yazo besekhaya kwiklasi ethile kwezentlalo, emfundo abazali kunye nezalamane. Kwaye nantsi enye into ebangel 'umdla. Ngoko ke, Isimanga, ngcathu ukukhubazeka engqondweni, apho isigulane sidinga uncedo edlulayo, sivame ukuba abantwana abavela kwiintsapho kunye nobume loqoqosho ephantsi.

iimpawu zesifo

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, uphawu eziyintloko sifo ukunciphisa ubukrelekrele. Nangona kunjalo, zonke ezi mpawu kuyacetyiswa ukuba siqwalasele, kuxhomekeke iqondo yokugula. Makhe sihlole kubo.

1. Nobulali (okanye debility). Kulo mzekelo, yimbonakalo yomntu elula esitratweni abanakuze bakwazi ukwahlula phakathi umntu ukukhubazeka engqondweni zophuhliso ukusuka esempilweni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, aba bantu kunzima ukufunda, ngenxa yokuba ubuchule babo banikele ingqalelo yehliswe kakhulu. Kodwa ke ukukhunjulwa kwabo kuhle kakhulu. Ngokufuthi izigulane nesi sifo kufuneka isidanga neengxaki zokuziphatha. Ngokomzekelo, abantwana ukukhubazeka engqondweni zixhomekeke ootitshala nabazali, bona uyothuka ngamandla ukutshintsha iimeko. Ezi zigulane noba kwi ngokwabo (kungoko ke kukho ubunzima ukunxibelelana), okanye ngokuchasene noko, uzama ukutsala ingqalelo kumntu yakhe zonke iintlobo izenzo eqaqambileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo eyinqaba, nokuba lukhona. Ziyinto Kulula kakhulu ukuba abakhuthaze. Ngenxa yokuba ezi izigulane etsala abameli zehlabathi mthetho, bona badla babe ngamaxhoba maqhinga. Eyona uphawu yokudodobala nowobulali ukuba izigulane bayazi kakuhle isifo sakhe, kodwa ngandlela zonke ayifihle kwabanye.
2. I-avareji degree (imbecility). Aba bantu bayakwazi ukwahlula phakathi isohlwayo nendumiso, ukuba uvuyo, uvelwano, kulula izakhono sifundiseke of self-nkonzo, maxa wambi ukufunda, ukubhala, izibalo esisiseko, kodwa ukuba aphile ngokwabo, ukuba abakwazi. Emva kwabo udinga ukunakekelwa rhoqo kunye kweliso.
3. Ezimandundu (idiocy). Abantu abanjalo ke akukho lizwi, baye bafunda abakhubazekileyo yeentshukumo zabo sine- ephazamisekile. Neemvakalelo alinganiselwe ekubonakalisweni eziziziqalelo onomsindo okanye ukuzonwabisa. Izigulane nge silima ezifuna esweni rhoqo, kuba ukuba equlethwe amaziko afanelekileyo.

A kabanzi impawu

Wabonakala kuqala sifo zibandakanya ukuziphatha ubuntwana, ukulibaziseka uphuhliso lweengqondo, izakhono Intswela self-nkonzo. ngamanye amaxesha Development kwabantwana ukukhubazeka engqondweni uyemka, njengoko kufuneka ibe phezulu ukuya kwiminyaka esikolweni. Mpawu zibonakaliswa kwimeko apho kukho isifo wobulali. Kodwa ezinye degrees ezimbini abafunyenwe, ngokuqhelekileyo ekuseni kakhulu, ngakumbi xa zidityaniswe kunye abakhubazekileyo zophuhliso, ezingaqhelekanga ngokwasemzimbeni. Kulo mzekelo, isigulo kuya kuba lula ukuxilonga kwangethuba yobudala uthole.

Noko ke, abanye abantwana endleleni qaphela ubukho zedumbe lengqondo, iingxaki zeemoto, ilahleko ukuva, intetho kwalibaziseka kunye nezinye izifo yophuhliso. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, uphawu yokudodobala kwengqondo 'igcwala "kunye neempawu ezintsha. Abantwana ezithandwa ixhala, badandatheke, ingakumbi xa bathe bazala okanye kuthathwa njengento ephosakeleyo.

Ukuba eziguqulweyo ebantwaneni nesi sifo waphawula ukuntsonkotha kobunzima lithathelwe xa ekuthobeleni ulawulo imini, kwaye imisebenzi ezinesiqalelo kungaphezu kubo, abafundi abakhubazekileyo yokufunda kufuneka lokwazisa abazali yi kwiqondo eliphezulu kakhulu labantu Mzoli kunye inattention. izizathu ezongezelelweyo oomama inkxalabo nootata kufuneka ibe ukudinwa, ukuziphatha okubi kunye amanqaku aphantsi kakhulu abantwana babo.

ukukhubazeka engqondweni

Apha siza kufika kwenye yokuhlela. Ngokuhambelana kunye nokubekwa kwezifo, oko wagqiba ekubeni kubabela elo ntlobo zilandelayo yokudodobala kwengqondo:

• ukukhubazeka engqondweni ayinzima. Kule fomu yeenkqubo ezingundoqo uvaleke olwenze ngokulula umntwana. Ukungaqheleki kumsebenzi ephawulekayo ezingahambi yi ezinxaxhileyo ingakumbi rough. Gcina sphere ngokweemvakalelo, umntwana unako ukwenza ngenjongo, kodwa kuphela xa bonke ngokucacileyo kakhulu. Xa imeko okanye ubume asinto intsha kuye, yonke into aya kuba eqhelekileyo, akukho makhwiniba ningawuboni.
• ukukhubazeka engqondweni naziphi na izinto ezazinokuphazamisa neurodynamic. Le fom luphawulwa xenga lomyolelo, kwisigaba nangokweemvakalelo uhlobo silale okanye nochuku. Ukunyhashwa ezendeleyo umntwana, wabonakalaliswa ngokucacileyo ngokucuthwa ngobuchule, xa utshintsho yokuziphatha.
• ukukhubazeka engqondweni kunye nokuphambukiswa umsebenzi analyzer. Oligophrenics kule fomu yesi sifo, sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi ehlasela lo uthinte kudityaniswe ukwaphulwa ngamandla inkqubo ethile ebuchotsheni. Abantwana isebe iphawulwe local iziphene zentetho, umbono, nokuva, inkqubo weentshukumo.
• ukuziphatha Psihopatopodobne ne yokudodobala kwengqondo. Le ukukhubazeka engqondweni, uphuhliso apho libe lisalele ngasemva ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwinkalo ngokweemvakalelo-volitional. Okokuqala, xa izigulane ezinjalo qaphela ukuncitshiswa criticality ngokunxulumene ngokwayo, umba wokungaphuhliswa kumacandelo amaninzi ubuntu, disinhibition of nethuku. Lo mntwana umkhwa ukunikela inkanuko ngqiqweni.
• ukukhubazeka engqondweni ne ziphawulwe ngokucacileyo intswelo ngokungqalileyo. Kule fomu abantwana abazizidalwa yengqondo zezenzi, ngababuthuntu, ungenamandla. intetho yabo ixesha elide-wayediniwe, into imitative ngokwendalo, kodwa ngokupheleleyo akukho mxholo. Abantwana abakwazi ukuba ngepali ngokwasengqondweni, ukuhlola ngokwaneleyo le meko.

Ukuhlolwa kwenzeka ukugula

Njengokuba besesitshilo, kwiimeko ezininzi, ukukhubazeka engqondweni wabonakalaliswa ndisemncinane. Kwaye ukuba esi sifo sibangelwa ufuzo, ezifana Down engqondweni, ecaleni ukuba unesifo kwangethuba kangangoko ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ukulungiselela le njongo, iikliniki kubeleka ngoku zinika onke amanenekazi kufuneka bahlolwe izigaba zokuqala zokukhulelwa, ukuba babekho kule ngezifo wafumana ithuba lokwenza isigqibo esifanelekileyo - ukuqhomfa okanye ukugcina umntwana. Kwakhona, le nkqubo buyafuneka kwiimeko apho abazali umntwana elizayo okanye izalamane kukho izifo okanye iimeko engabangela kukuvela yokudodobala kwengqondo.

Yokudodobala kwengqondo ngenxa yokuba inkqubo ethile enzyme umntwana kangaka luyalambatha. Isifo iqhelekileyo kweli qela - phenylketonuria. Ngoko nangoko emva kokuzalwa iintsana ngale unesifo musa ziyahluka usempilweni, kodwa kwiinyanga zokuqala ubomi, baba ecubhukile Baphawula ukugabha rhoqo, abe irhashalala, ukubila wande, kwaye abe livumba ngokungaqhelekanga. Ukuba uqale unyango ngoko nangoko, lo gama umntwana phantsi iinyanga 2-3, ungagcina ubukrelekrele. Yiyo ke loo nto ayizange ngoyaba uviwo yokuqala kwabantwana a wabantwana.

Ukuba ugqirha kukho nawaphi na amathandabuzo, liya kwalathela yokubonisana of emine, umchamo kunye negazi, EEG. Kuphononongo abantwana abadala kufuneka iingcebiso ngokwasengqondweni okanye kwengqondo.

Ukuba unyango uqalwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kunokwenzeka kudla ukuphumeza umntwana ukuba ukuziqhelanisa lula zokuphila ezizimeleyo. Kodwa kwimeko apho abazali kunye nezinye izihlobo umntwana ugqiba lula ukwenza ngaphandle oogqirha abenza ukuzeyisa, imiphumo ebuhlungu kukho ukungavisisani. Kwakhona musa ukulibala ukuba phantsi ngesebe yokudodobala yengqondo efihliweyo kunye nezinye izifo - sokuwa, ukuphazamiseka ezininzi engqondweni, hypothyroidism.

Abantwana ukukhubazeka engqondweni - into omele uyenze?

Abazali kuyo nayiphi na imeko, musa ukothuka. Khumbula ukuba ukukhubazeka engqondweni - ukugula hayi ngengqondo, kunye nemeko abayinqobo kuye, xa uphuhliso ngokwasengqondweni ilinganiselwe ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo.

Imfundo yabantwana kunye ukukhubazeka engqondweni babe kwakunye nokuphuhliswa kwabo, kodwa kuphela kangangoko bavumelekile ukwenza oku umthamo eziphilayo. Le meko akazange aphilise ngokupheleleyo. Kakade ke, ugqirha uyakukumisela uthomalaliso efanelekileyo, kodwa akuyi kuba umxhelo ukusebenza kwayo. Nangona kuxhomekeke iqondo ukukhubazeka engqondweni kunokwenzeka ukuba kuphunyezwe iziphumo ezithile ngokusebenzisa imfundo noqeqesho. Kufuneka iqondwe ukuba abantwana kunye idiocy kunye imbecility - ikhubaziwe ukusuka ebuntwaneni, baze bafumane ipension. Ingakumbi abantwana ukukhubazeka engqondweni ezi fom abanjalo ukuba ufuna umgcini onenkathalo, okanye uncedo yeengcali ukusuka kwiziko elifanelekileyo lonyango, apho bakwazi ukuchonga. Apho nabo aqhube kwezonyango, yoluleko, umsebenzi nasengqondweni. Abantwana ukukhubazeka engqondweni nowobulali akunzima. Nkqu nangona ukuba abakwazi ukufunda kwinkqubo eqhelekileyo, kwaye kufuneka azinakuguqulelwa sisikolo semfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa. Nangona kunjalo, kwimfundo aba bantwana, kukho iingxaki ezininzi, ekubeni ukulungiswa ezaneleyo ukujonga ikamva zabasebenzi kunye nolwamkelo lwentlalo. Ukuba indlela elungileyo, njengoko abadala, nje 'itshatyalaliswa "ebomini - emsebenzini, uzale usapho, ikhula eluntwini.

unyango okuthile kwengqondo

Namhlanje kukho isixa esikhulu semali ngenxa yonyango le meko, kodwa kufuneka ukuchola kuphela ugqirha zonke iimpawu zesi sifo. Kuxhomekeka isizathu ezibangele ukuba isifo, oko kusenokuba hormone okanye amalungiselelo ayodini (ukuba ukukhubazeka engqondweni sisiphumo ukuphazamiseka lengqula ukusebenza). Ukuba PKU kakhulu ukutya okhethekileyo, nto leyo eya kumisela ugqirha.

Ukuze alungise ukukhubazeka engqondweni, nootropics ngokufuthi oogqirha emiselweyo (lithetha "Piracetam," "Encephabol", "Aminalon" kunye nabanye). Zisetyenziswa ukuphucula ngqo iinkqubo pathways kwi isicwili sobuchopho. Kuba efanayo iinjongo ezimiselwe acid, B iivithamini Kakade ke, ukuba zingathengwa ngaphandle kagqirha, kodwa nokwenzeka usebenzise kuphela ugqirha ukubona.

Ukuba izigulane unesifo ochazwe ukuphazamiseka langoku zokuziphatha, a wengqondo ukhetha amachiza ukusuka kwiqela okudambisa okanye neuroleptics. Undoqo ukulungisa ngempumelelo - indlela ebanzi, oko kukuthi, kusetyenziswe amayeza kufuneka zidityaniswe kunye neeklasi kunye iingcali zononophelo lwempilo yokuthetha, iisayikholojisti, indlela zobuqu kwimfundo.

Xa amayeza abantu, izityalo ethandwayo zamachiza ukuba nesiphumo isebenze kwi-luvo. Ezi ziquka Magnolia Chinese umdiliya, ginseng, zekhala. Nangona kunjalo, khumbula ukuba ezinye mziba nesi sifo engabangela iingxaki zokuziphatha, kwengqondo. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba siyisebenzisa kufuneka udibane nogqirha.

Ayikwazi njalo novuselelo kwezentlalo. Ezi program lwajoliswa ukunika umsebenzi kubantu ukukhubazeka engqondweni wobulali. Kuba oku kukho izikolo ezizodwa nenkqubo ethile apha naphaya apho izigulane banokufunda umsebenzi elula.

ukuvimbela

Uthintelo yokudodobala kwengqondo - kukuthi, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, ngenyameko yaye ingqalelo kungekuphela impilo yabo kodwa kwimpilo izizukulwana ezizayo.

Kamsinya nje isibini sigqiba ukuba nomntwana, bobabini kufuneka ihlolwe ngokupheleleyo, kwathi iimvavanyo, ukuya imizila yemfuza. Kuya ukuchonga ukunyanga izigulo okanye iimeko ezikhoyo, ukuchonga iingxaki ezinokubangela ukukhubazeka ngengqondo umntwana ongekazalwa.

Umfazi xa sele ukhulelwe, kufuneka sikhumbule kwimfanelo esemagxeni kuba nkqu umntwana ongekazalwa. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukuba balandele indlela yokuphila, ukuba adle kakuhle, ukuthobela zonke iingcebiso oogqirha ukuthintela ukungakhuseleki kwizinto eziyingozi, tyelela ikliniki kokubeleka kwi kwishedyuli.

Xa umntwana ezelwe, kufuneka bathobele ngokungqongqo kuyo yonke zabantwana kwaye ukuthobela yonke imimiselo yawo. Kwaye ukuba ugqirha ekrokrela ukuba ukho undonakele, waya iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo okanye uthethwano, musa ukuzama, njengoko bathi, ukuba kude le ngxaki. Eneneni, kulo mzekelo, ungaphulukana ixesha esibalulekileyo, njengoko kamva uya kuzisola kuphela.

Ingakumbi iyeza na ukuma. Umzekelo, eli yeza rubella kule ntsholongwane ziye zanceda azale ingane izibini ezininzi, yaye enyanisweni ngaphambi kokuba phantse unobangela ibalulekileyo yokudodobala kwengqondo bekhubazekile. Namhlanje, oosonzululwazi baphuhlisa efanayo anti-CMV kungenisa uxolo lwengqondo nempilo nabazali kunye nabantwana babo. Le izehlo kwakhona zincitshisiwe ngenxa kuphuhliso ukukhula lweentsana, unonophelo yokubelekisa, ukusetyenziswa immunoglobulin, ukutofelwa igazi kunye nezinye iingongoma ezininzi, nto leyo de kutshanje nako nokuphupha kuphela. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - musa ukuphakuzela, musani izakunikezela kwaye uzame okusemandleni akho, ukuba wakho, nto leyo kuphela ungenza wonwabile kwaye abuyele ubomi obuqhelekileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka zonke namhlanje omthandayo. Mamela oogqirha, ekuhambeni kwexesha, ufune ezizodwa ulandele zonke iingcebiso.