Ukuphazamiseka basuke neentlobo zabo: isifo kwaye afumane unyango

Umzimba womntu - indibanisela emangalisayo amalungu amaninzi, tissue, imisebenzi, ekudibaneni kwemichiza, ngamaza ombane ukuba ukuvumela umntu aphile, funda uze ufumanise ihlabathi ngeenxa zonke kuye. Kwingqiqo yolwazi ithatha indawo ngoncedo iziphumo izivamvo zabantu - ukukhanya, isandi, incasa, ivumba, selungu lokuva kunye nombono lwesithuba. Konke oku - kwisiseko solwazi oluntu khona ekhulwini ehlabathini ngeenxa zonke kuye. Kwaye ke imbono sifo, nokuba babe yaye kungekho sizathu sokuba kwenzeke ntoni - yingxaki enkulu.

Events: Ngokoqobo plus nomfanekiso-

Into yokuba abantu ukuqonda ihlabathi ngeenxa zonke kuye, ebandakanya izivamvo kunye nomfanekiso- ngqondweni. Ulwazi enokuzuzwa ngoncedo emehlweni, ukuva, incasa, iziphumo selungu lokuva, ivumba aqingqa nendawo umzimba kwisithuba, babacukucezela iindawo ezikhethekileyo zobuchopho kwaye ngoncedo ngqondweni kunye namava lufumaneka iingcamango ngaphambili ngehlabathi. Ukuphazamiseka of bezibona na indawo ukuvumela umntu ukufumana umfanekiso opheleleyo.

Ekude kwanekufuphi

Ukuphazamiseka koluvo kunye Umbono data zihlobene. Ezenza abafumana ulwazi malunga ubunyani ejikelezileyo, ukudlulisa iminqweno luvo engqondweni, apho uhlalutyo processing of idatha eyafunyanwa, kwaye kukho impendulo ngokohlobo ntetho na into okanye isenzeko, echaphazela receptor. Ngaphezu koko, ezinye zezi ziphumo receptors kufuneka wamkelele ukudibana ngqo kunye into, abanye - ngokusebenzisa isithuba. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, iminqweno incasa kwenzeka ngokuthi nokudla ukudla emlonyeni elwimini. Kodwa ngombono sikuvumela ukuba ubone yezinto ekude. Mbono we ulwazi awawafumana ezahlukeneyo inkungu receptors - eziziiprayimari inqubo yabantu ulwazi olukhulayo lwelizwe. Ukuphazamiseka basuke - ingxaki entsonkothileyo nokomzimba kunye nasengqondweni.

Bonse Amaziko nezamkeli

Ukongezelela kakuhle ezaziwa ukusuka esikolweni qwa ezintandathu umzimba womntu uyabubona nokushukunyiswa ngaphezulu. Ngoko ke, kukho receptors athi abenoxanduva kwimbono ubushushu - kuyabanda, iintlungu kunye imvakalelo umzimba. Ngoko ke isayensi akemi ngaphandle iintlobo iminqweno ezintandathu no-9:

• umbono;
• yokulalela;
• Isivamvo sokujoja;
• umqondo touch;
• ekvibriotseptsiya - nemvo ibhalansi;
• kungcamla;
• nociception - imbono intlungu;
• termotseptsiya - imvakalelo imfudumalo;
• emizimbeni - ingqiqo komhlaba komzimba.

Ukufumana ulwazi malunga ihlabathi ngokusebenzisa receptors ezahlukeneyo, iinkqubo ingqondo kubo kwimbono leyinene.

Ingqiqo kunye yezonyango

Ukuba kukho naziphi na izitenxo emzimbeni womntu, kusenokubakho ingxaki enkulu - ukuphazamiseka okuqonda. Psychiatry njenge inzululwazi nokuziqhelanisa yamayeza ukufunda ezi ukunyhashwa yaye apho kunokwenzeka uncedo ukuze alungise kubo. Bengqondo eminyaka ukufunda ukuphazamiseka okuqonda, babenabo kuphela izigulane ngokwabo, kodwa ke abanye abantu, ukuba baphile kunye abanjalo neengxaki. Ukungasebenzi enye okanye ngaphezulu kweemvakalelo - oku akusoloko disorder uhlalutyo olubanzi zehlabathi ezingqongileyo. Umfo walahlekelwa umbono wakhe, yena uyazi ukuba bajonge kunye umbala izinto enyanisweni kwaye ngoncedo yomsebenzi nezinye izivamvo bangenza inkcazo-ntetho umfanekiso weli hlabathi ngeenxa zonke kuye njani. Xa zengqondo, ukuphazamiseka yenkqubo okuqonda - yinto ukuphazamiseka enzima hhayi kangaka iingxaki kwi receptor, njengoko utshintsho ukuhluzwa yonke ingcaciso ayifumene kunye eziphumo zokuphela konyaka.

wenza njani imbono sifo?

Psychiatry - a okhethekileyo sphere yeyeza esebenza ahlukeneyo engqondo abagula kwabo kubonakaliswa. Le yi ariya ethile kakhulu ulwazi lwabantu, esebenzisa igama elithi "sifo", "zempilo", "udidi" yaye "leengxaki 'ngokuphathelele imeko yengqondo. Enye yezona iinkalo umsebenzi zengqondo - ukuphazamiseka okuqonda. Psychiatry ezinjalo iingxaki iqwalasela engqondweni ezimbi. Ukuphazamiseka koluvo nendlela abayibona babonakaliswa ithi ezininzi:

• Ukubulawa kubonakala lulungiselele kwimbono oyivileyo ukushukumisa ukungcamla yaye nevumba. E yayo obubonakala uyafana labagulayo iintlungu ubize nokukhubeka ubuntununtunu intlungu zemizwa kwizigulane ngexesha lonyango ukungenelela.
• Hypersensitivity - uvakalelo ngenxa okubonakala ukwanda ivumba, ukukhanya, isandi disorder. Amaxesha amaninzi hypersensitivity esizibonakalisa izigulane emva kokonzakala engqondweni esibuhlungu.
• Gipostezii - reverse utshintsho hypersensitivity uvakalelo. ukuqonda ngokoluvo kunciphisa nokushukunyiswa zendalo. izigulane Gipostezii baphathwa ukuphazamiseka edakumbisayo, ekuthe ngaye ihlabathi kum kubonakala buthuntu, buthuntu.
• Paresthesia ochazwa iminqweno sokudlathuka kweenwele, ukutsha, ukuntlontlozela, "nezikhonkwane neenaliti", ngenxa igazi kakuhle kwaye innervation. Rhoqo, paresthesia kwenzeka kwiindawo Zakharyin-kuGedaliya: iingxaki ngamalungu angaphakathi kuvela mnandi, iimvakalelo ebuhlungu kwiindawo ezithile komhlaba umzimba womntu.
• Senestopatii - mizwa ekhathazayo ezithe zenzeka phakathi komzimba womntu, kunzima ukuchaza ngamagama, ngokufuthi umguli lisebenzisa imifanekiso athelekisekayo eqaqambileyo ezithetha ezi mvakalelo.

maxa wambi "Engeyiyo" imvakalelo ungqamane wabonakala kwezonyango yesifo, hayi kuphela umkhwa abagula ngengqondo. Uxilongo bolu isifo okanye imeko - sisiseko zonyango esemgangathweni.

Eyona engundoqo ukuphazamiseka okuqonda

Psychiatry njengentsimi amayeza onyango isebenzisa indlela elithi, uxilongo, unyango kunye nothintelo. Moshilongo kuyimfuneko ukwazi ngokucacileyo ezibonisa sifo, ukunceda kule kwiimvavanyo zeklinikhi, imbali yezonyango, iimvavanyo lab. Ukuhlelwa Ivumela izahlulelo ngokuchanekileyo ukutolika idata makanikelwe eyaneleyo ukuxilongwa. Zimiseleni ethile yengqondo zempilo ingxaki yengqondo zempilo zezona ezimbini iindidi ukuphazamiseka okuqonda:

• inkohliso;
• ezingekho.

Omabini la magama, abantu abaninzi ndingento ngokwaneleyo ezingakhiyo, kodwa isigulana akukho ulawulo phezu kwabo, nangona kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi ukuphazamiseka zenzeka ngenxa iimeko apho umntu uya kuzigxotha ngokwayo, ezifana ityhefu iziyobisi okanye utywala. Ezinye iintlobo ukuphazamiseka labona kungenzeka abantu uphilile ngokwemiqathango zengqondo.

esile Blue in Wonderland

"Oko ukubonayo, kodwa oko enyanisweni" - oko kukuthi, i ezingekho. Iingxaki kwimbono inyaniso njengoko kunjalo, enyanisweni, ukuvela kuyimbonakalo imifanekiso pseudo. Zengqondo, ukufunda ukuphazamiseka okuqonda, nemibono ichaza njengoko umfanekiso ivela ingqondo, defined njengokuba ebomini, kodwa ngaphandle zangaphandle zizinto sokubambela phezu kwabantu receptor. Le mifanekiso kuvela ngaphandle ndawo, ngokungathi kunjalo, ngenxa kwimbono sifo. bengqondo nemibono zahlulwe iintlobo eziliqela:

• ukuba nemibono True - imifanekiso icace umguli kokuba ethile imilo, umbala, ivumba, ikhala ngendlela isandi ethile. ukuba nemibono ntiyiso ziqondakala izigulane njenge sisibonakaliso yinene ezingqondweni, uzama zokuzisebenzisa ngokungathi babeza kuba izenzakalo ebonakalayo okanye izinto ezikhoyo ngokwenyani. Ukongeza, ngenxa isigulane abafumana nemibono okwenyaniso, bonke abantu baxhontele kuwe, kufuneka uthathe kubo ngendlela efanayo njengoko wenzayo.
• Pseudohallucinations baqonda sisigulane njengento nemvelo, kodwa ngokwenene sikhona, awunazo ukukhanya, ngokufuthi engaphathekiyo, kunokuthi kwenzeke okanye emzimbeni okanye ezivela kwiindawo hayi phantsi receptor yayo. Amaxesha amaninzi zithathwa ngokuba ababuxoki nemibono izigulane ngenkani elungiselwe yakhe yomzimba ngokusebenzisa ezizodwa izixhobo, oomatshini okanye ngenxa ukuba ngokwengqondo negalelo.

Ukongeza kwezi ntlobo zimbini ze nemibono nazo lahlulwe kwi izivamvo, ukuze zibangelwa:

• visceral;
• kungcamla;
• ebonwayo;
• ukuqgiba;
• yokulalela;
• ephathekayo.

Ngalunye uhlobo ezingekho zayo zenzululwazi definition kwaye wabola zibe eziliqela ohlobo, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu kwezonyango wezifo zengqondo.

Ngendlela, ukuba nemibono na iphefumlelwe alukuhle. Enye ndlela usebenzisa luphawu zengqondo ka Aschaffenburg, apho isigulane kusengaphambili ukuphulaphula ifowuni kobonelelo, ngaloo ndlela ngokujonga ukukulungela yayo nemibono eziviwayo. Reichardt okanye uphawu - iliphawu ekuqaleni blank: isigulane unikwa emhlophe Iphepha ecocekileyo lwephepha kwaye inikeza ukuthetha ngento liveza. Ukuba nemibono ukuze functional, evela kwi imvelaphi ukukhuthazwa receptors ezithile kwaye liyalahleka emva ukususwa isivuseleli. Hi ndlela leyi, nomfanekiso emsi ezinqunquthayo otshayayo elikwihookah kwi mushroom oonobumba ukusuka Lews Carroll tale "Alice in Wonderland" lithathwa ngabaninzi Classic ezingekho.

Kangaka osengqondweni

Xa zengqondo, umi uhlobo olunye ukuphazamiseka umbono - ukukhohlisa. Nalo eli ligama eliqhelekileyo onke, kwanabo musa ubunzima ukusuka ukuphazamiseka bezibona ngokwalo zengqondo. Abantu basoloko besebenzisa ibinzana elithi "inkohliso ezintle, embonweni eyoyikekayo." Ngoko yintoni na? Zesayensi ingcaciso ngohlobo olulodwa aniqondi disorder umsindo efana a ephosakeleyo, lesiphoso imbono izinto ezikhoyo ngokwenyani. Embonweni - oko kukuthi siyazikhohlisa. Umzekelo, wento zingenzeka kunye stimulus soneleyo - ebumnyameni Kulula kakhulu ukuba umphandle isafobe zabantu emva etyholweni. Ngoko ke ukubonakala babebona - oku akusoloko kummandla zengqondo. Ezi mpawu uphawu banenkolelo zezi:

• into okanye phenomenon usisisulu ubugqwetha oluvo: umzobo, ilizwi, selungu lokuva kunye nemvakalelo komhlaba;
• ubugqwetha, misperception kunye nokuhlolwa into lenene;
• illusion isekelwe ukuqonda ngokoluvo, nto leyo ke receptors komuntu ayachaphazeleka, kodwa ibonwa ngokwahlukileyo kunokuba ngempela;
• njengoko wamanga ingqiqo okunene ezikhoyo.

Disorder basuke olubonakalayo - enye inxalenye wenkohliso kubantu abasempilweni. Ngaphezu koko, onjalo zolahlekiso ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokwasengqondweni ngokwendalo. Uhlobo emzimbeni of illusion ukuya kwengqondo akunanto yakwenza, ngaphandle nje isanga entlango apho nangona ilula kakhulu, kodwa ezibonakalise physics echanekileyo nomqondo yezenzululwazi. kwengqondo lwezonyango ingqalelo inkohliso psychopathological:

• Uthando ngenxa kwisiqalo yoloyiko okanye nervous excitability of esondelayo ngengozi;
• .. somlomo, oko kukuthi, ngentetho, ukukhohlisa - amagama okanye amabinzana ukuba sibeve nje umntu;
• pareydolicheskie Inkohliso - babebona ezibonakalayo ezithe zenzeka malunga nemvelaphi umfanekiso wenene bengachani imifanekiso, umzekelo, ngokusebenzisa iphepha lodongo ingaba umxholo inkohliso enkwantyisayo womfanekiso; Inkoliso yale babebona kuvandlakanywa creative ngabantu, umzekelo, abaphandi bafumanise ukuba uLeonardo da Vinci wayenaso pareidolia.

Isiseko babebona - ukungaqheleki labona kunye neengcamango malunga ihlabathi. Azisoloko zophendlo lwezifo. Kaninzi ngokubangelwa uhlaba imbono kwimvelaphi engachanekanga uvavanyo emsebenzini receptor.

UkuCinga memory nokuphazamiseka umbono

Yintoni umahluko Homo sapiens kuzo zonke ezinye izinto eziphilayo izidalwa? Isakhono ukucinga. Ukucinga - ezisisiseko cognitive inkqubo oluhlanganisa enengqondo kumfanekiso elijikelezileyo ihlabathi woMntu. Ukucinga kuhlangene ne imbono kunye memory. Zonke iinkqubo esizibona indoda leyo nenengqiqo ntle ingatshintshanga kangangamawaka eminyaka, zezinga uguqulwe. Ukuba ekuqaleni kuyimfuneko kuphela isicelo amandla emzimbeni ukwanelisa iimfuno zomzimba (ukutya, nokuphinda self-nokulondolozwa), ngoko ngaphezu kwexesha abantu baye bafunda ukuba ukwakha imixokelelwane ingqiqo - ukucinga, ukuze ufumane isiphumo esifunwayo kwi isicelo umzamo ezincinane emzimbeni kunye nobungozi kwimpilo kanye nobomi. Ukubethelela iziphumo elilungileyo baqala ukuphuhlisa memory - elifutshane elide, elide elide, kwakunye neminye imisebenzi yengqondo abantu abayinqobo - ukuyila, ukukwazi ukubona ikamva, ukuzeyisa ulwazi. Ngokuncedisana ukuphazamiseka okuqonda nokucinga - disorder psychosensory. Xa zengqondo, ezi ukuphazamiseka zahlulwe iindidi ezimbini eziphambili:

• depersonalization ukuze babonakale angachananga iminqweno yakho yomzimba, ebizwa ngokuba yi-depersonalization izangoma, kunye nezenza egqwethekileyo lakhe "Mna" - le depersonalization izangoma;
• derealization lubonakaliswa imbono egqwethekileyo ehlabathini - isithuba, ixesha, ubukhulu, imilo leyinene ziqondeka izigulane ukuba wonakaliswe, nangona yena iza igama elichanekileyo umbono wakho.

Sicinga - luphawu lo mntu. ukucinga elifanelekileyo ubethwa refutation ukuphazamiseka ziqhele. Psychiatry njengentsimi of zamayeza onyango izama ukufumana iindlela ukuphelisa iiyantlukwano ezibangelwa iingxaki bezibona kwizigulane zengqondo. Xa ukuphazamiseka ze kwimbono izigulana umboniso waza wacinga disorder - iimfeketho zokufeketha, izenzo okanye izimvo overvalued, leyo kuba intsingiselo yobomi yendoda.

Psychiatry - isayensi entsonkothileyo lokugula ngengqondo yabantu, ezo ndawo kunye imbono ukuphazamiseka kunye inkumbulo, ukucinga kunye neminye imisebenzi nengqondo. Ngapha koko, nayiphi na zengqondo neengxaki zempilo ivame yi complex yengqondo imisebenzi - ukusuka kumsebenzi zivamvo ukuze elifutshane okanye elide elide memory.

Kutheni kuphazanyiswa azibona ngokoqobo?

Xa sijamelene neengxaki ezikumila engqondweni le mibuzo: Ziziphi izinto ezibangela ukuphazamiseka okuqonda? Kungakhona lonke uluhlu etywaleni nakwiziyobisi ityhefu ukuya lwezidumbu isimo abantu psyche. izifo zengqondo abafunyenwe nzima kakhulu, kaninzi ngenxa yokuba abantu abakwazi ngokuchanileyo ukuchaza iimvakalelo zabo, iziganeko ezenzeka kuye okanye kwindawo, kwaye sikwinqanaba lokuqala sifo ayisoloko alubonakali kwabanye. izifo labona basenokuba ngenxa nasiphi na isifo amalungu okanye iinkqubo zangaphakathi, kwakunye ngenxa ephula processing ulwazi olufunyenwe, ukuhlalutya, avelisa yoko ethile. practice zengqondo ngalo mzuzu asikwazi ncam ukuqonda oonobangela ukuphazamiseka okuqonda, ukongeza ukunxila xa indlela ngezifo zingenakuqinisekiswa ngokuchanekileyo into enetyhefu. Ukutyeshelwa umbono yimpumelelo kwaye ndikuvuse urhano phakathi kwabantu ngeenxa zonke kubo, ngenxa yokuba kaninzi izigulana ngokwabo Musa ukungxama ukuzilungisa ukuze iingcali, ngaphandle kwezi ukuphazamiseka into yezifo. Ixesha watyhila ingxaki kwimbono yimpumelelo ukunceda isigulane ukuba siphephe iingxaki ezinzulu. iqiniso egqwethekileyo - yingxaki enkulu zombini, umguli kunye nabantu ngeenxa zonke kuye, engqondweni, nasemzimbeni.

ngqondweni nendlela abayibona ukuphazamiseka Abantwana

kwengqondo yomntwana kwengqondo - uhlobo olulodwa amayeza. Kids - namaphupho ezinkulu kunye nabasunguli, ndakumandisa reactivity ingqondo yomntwana, kunye namava encinane ubomi ayiniki umntwana ithuba ukunyenyisa ixesha imvakalelo yabo ngokoqobo. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukuphazamiseka bezibona abantwana - sphere okhethekileyo pedagogy, ngezengqondo zengqondo. babebona Visual and bezandi - omnye amacandelo ebuntwaneni womntu wonke. Etshela ebusuku ofunda ibali liba wokwenene zajika ngomntwana, Yayizimele phantsi kwebhedi okanye kwi kwigunjana. Inkoliso yale ukuphazamiseka zenzeka ngorhatya, ediniwe kwaye kuchaphazela umntwana zalala. Isoyikisa amabali kunye namabali, ingakumbi waxelela usana ebusuku, bube sisiseko sophuhliso lukarhulumente bangonwabi. Ngamaphupho kwenzeka abantwana badla kwimvelaphi somatic kunye ezasulelayo nohlobo sifo ngenxa yokwanda emzimbeni obushushu. Age of the mpawu ezininzi rhoqo onokugula okunjalo - iminyaka 5-7. Ukuba nemibono le ngokwemvelo aphantsi - iintlantsi, ngamalangatye ukukhanya, sichaza, okanye imifanekiso yabantu, izilwanyana kunye izandi abantwana ziyaviwa eduma, enga iyagqabhuka, amazwi iintaka kunye nezilwanyana. Zonke ezi imibono ndakala kumntwana sentsomi.

Abantwana babo bonke ubudala ingaba ubunzima ukusuka iimpawu ngesifo sengqondo. Kulo mzekelo, zonke nemibono kuba inzima, ngokufuthi limfiliba. Ngesakhiwo na nemibono ezintsonkothileyo, kaninzi bethwele engozini impilo okanye ubomi wosana. Yenzelwe abantwana abadadlana elivisayo, kodwa 12-14, Lubonakala ngokuthi kuphuhliswe ngcamlani oyivileyo babone, umntwana uqala bayeke owuthandayo ukutya ngaphambili, okutshintshileyo bakhe umlinganiswa nokuziphatha.

A okhethekileyo Iqela Paediatrics aBantwana Psychiatry achonge abantwana esizalwa iziphoso okuqonda. Kule meko, umntwana ekhula kwaye afunde ukuze kubuyekezelwe yokunqongophala ezinye sikwazi ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso kwezinye ubuchule nemizwa. A Umzekelo classic - umntwana kunye nokulahlekelwa ukuva bekhubazekile kwahlukile umbono omhle, iliso iinkcukacha incinane, ukuze banikele ingqalelo engakumbi iinkcukacha ezincinane leyinene.

Umbono - isiseko lolwazi kwihlabathi lonke obubonakala. Ukuze bazive ngathi nomntu qwa ezintandathu kunye neentlobo ezisithoba receptor. Kodwa ukongezelela bashile, ingcaciso efunyenweyo kufuneka sixelwe kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo ingqondo, makuphume ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokujongwa nohlalutyo, kuqulunqwe umfanekiso ngokoqobo ngokusekelwe njengokungathi ezimbaxa kunye namava. Isiphumo kwimbono - umfanekiso koqobo. Ukophulwa link ubuncinane omnye ezikwi ngokuvelisa imifanekiso ihlabathi kukhokelela uhlaba leyinene. Psychiatry njengommandla amayeza onyango ukufunda oonobangela, ibakala yophuhliso, lweempawu, iindlela zonyango kunye nokuthintelwa ukuphazamiseka okuqonda ngeziganeko ngamnye kwakunye amacandelo iingxaki eziqhelekileyo impilo yabantu.