UJohn Major nguye ongena endaweni kaMargaret Thatcher

UJohn Major waba ngunkulumbuso ngexesha elinzima eBrithani. Waba nguye ophumelela kwinkokeli yeConservative, uMargaret Thatcher.

Kwinqaku, ngaphezu kwenkcazelo ngoJohn Major, umntu unokufunda malunga nenkqubo yezopolitiko ye-Great Britain, okanye, ngokuchanekileyo, malunga namaqela eBrithani enkulu.

Msebenzi wo kuqala

Unkulumbuso wexesha elizayo wazalwa ngoMeyi 29, 1943 eLondon. Uyise wayengumdlali weeskrikhi wangaphambili, owaba ngumphathi wezemidlalo.

UJohn Major unomdla kwimpilo yezombusazwe ukususela kumncinane. Ekuqaleni kohambo, wathetha kwi-market e-Brixton, apho kwakukho i-tribune ephuculweyo. Ngowe-1964, insizwa yanyulwa kwibhunga enye yezithili. Ufumene isikhundla sekela-sihlalo enye yeekomiti. Ngomnyaka we-1971, uMongameli watshintsha isithili waza walahlekelwa esihlalweni kwibhunga emva kweziphumo zonyulo.

Inendima ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni umsebenzi wekamva elizayo ladlalwa nguJean Cyrenes. Lo mfazi wayeneminyaka elishumi elinesithathu ubudala kunokuba yena. Waba ngumcebisi wakhe, kwaye kamva unkosikazi. Ngombulelo kuye, uMagosa waba nomnqweno omkhulu, wafunda ezininzi iindlela zobupolitika. Ulwalamano oluphakathi kukaJohane noJean lwaqhubeka ngo-1963-1968.

Ngaphambi kokunyulwa kwakhe kwiPalamente, uMagosa wasebenza kwi candelo lebhanki.

Ukusebenza ePalamente

UJohn Major wazama ukungena ephalamende ngowe-1974, kodwa wahluleka. Wanyulwa ngowe-1979 ukhetho, apho asuka khona kwi-Conservatives. Wayexhaswa yisithili saseHuntingdonshire. Wayekhethwa kwakhona ngo-1987, 1992, 1997.

Izithuba kurhulumente:

• Unobhala wepalamente;
• USekela Mphathiswa wezeNtlalo;
• UMphathiswa wezeNtlalontle;
• USekela Mphathiswa wezeMali;
• UMphathiswa wezeMicimbi yangaphandle;
• Ikhhansela yomgcinimafa.

Ngowe-1990, ii-Conservatives zathi zanyulwa kwakhona kwinkokheli. UMargaret Thatcher uzuze umjikelezo wokuqala, kodwa ngenxa yokuhlukana phakathi kwenkampani, wamka u-candidate ukusuka kwinqanaba lesibini. UJohn Major walinqoba kulolu lonyulo, waza wamiselwa ngumbongameli ngoNovemba 27, 1990.

INkulumbuso

Ngethuba lakhe njenge-prime minister, i-Majora kwafuneka ijamelane neengxaki ezilandelayo:

• Ukuqala kwemfazwe e-Persian Gulf;
• Isimo esinzima eMntla Ireland;
• Ukunciphisa umnotho wehlabathi;
• "NgoLwesithathu omnyama" yintlupheko yezemali ngenxa yokuqikelela kwemali kunye nokuwa kwepondo yaseBrithani.

Umsebenzi kaRhulumente

Urhulumente kaJohn Major wabaleka ukusuka ngo-1990 ukuya ku-1997. Ngeli xesha, abameli bepalamente bazama ukufezekisa ukulungiswa kwemeko eMntla Ireland. Ngomnyaka ka-1992 uthethwano lwaluqalisa. Badibanisa iminyaka emininzi, igazi elininzi lachithwa ngenxa yemisebenzi yemibutho yabamaphekula. Ngenxa yoko, ngo-1996, iintetho zafikelela kwindawo ephazamisayo, idibene nemiba yenkqubo.

Urhulumente waqhubeka nomgaqo-nkqubo wobucala. Ngenxa yokuvalwa kweemigodi ezingama-mali ezingenanzuzo, imibhikisho yamanzi yabavukuzi yaqala. Ngowe-1993 ipalamente yanikezele ukuhamba phambili kobume bezithuthi.

Kwavela ubunzima obukhulu kwizopolitiko zaseYurophu.

Ngokwezinye iingcali, umgaqo kaJohn Major wayengenakucala. Oku kwakubaluleke kakhulu ngokurhoxiswa kwekhadi ukusuka kwinkqubo yezemali yaseYurophu. Ukuba i-prime minister yakhupha i-pounds ekuqaleni kweengxaki, umntu akayi kuchitha iibhiliyoni zeepounds.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba amanye amapolitiki amphatha njani, uMaja wakwazi ukuhlala ngunkulumbuso kuze kube ngumkhankaso wokhetho lowe-1992. I-Conservatives iqikelele ilahleko evela kwiQumrhu labasebenzi. Kodwa iphulo elikhokelwa ngumkhokeli okhuselekileyo wamlethela ukunqoba. Wabuye waba ngumbongameli.

Kwipostile, wahlala de kubekho ukhetho lwama-1997, apho i-Conservatives yabasebenzi yabethwa ngokuqinileyo yi-Party Party. UNdunankulu omtsha nguTony Blair.

Kwaye kwenzeka ngokomlando ukuba amaqela aphambili aseBrithani Great ayeyi-conservatives, i-liberals, kwaye kamva iSebenzi. Ngaba kukho amanye amaqela eli lizwe?

Inkqubo yamanamhlanje

Kwimbali yayo, inkqubo yeqela laseBrithani enkulu ayizange ithinte utshintsho olukhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuhamba kwexesha, kukho amaqela amaninzi. Nangona iindawo ezithandwa kakhulu kwaye zizinzima zimbini zazo. Balwela u-premiership.

Amaqela aphambili aseBrithani amakhulu:

• I-Conservative.
• Sebenzi.

I-Demeral Democrats kunye ne-PESC nazo ziqwalaselwa njengento enkulu. Amaqela angama-20 abhaliswe kwaye asebenzayo kweli lizwe. Ezinye zazo zimelelwe kwipalamente.

Amaqela ase-Great Britain, abameli bawo banyulwa kwipalamente:

• I-Conservative - esekelwe ngo-1870. Ookhokho bakhe babeyiiTories.
• I-PNSC (i-Independence Party yase-United Kingdom) yasungulwa ngo-1993. I-Alliance ye-Anti-Federalists yaba ngabahlalutyi. Iqela limela ukuphuma kwi-European Union.
• I-Liberal - yasungulwa ngo-1988 ngokuhlanganiswa kwamaziko enkululeko kunye nentando yenkululeko.
• Imisebenzi - yasungulwa ngowe-1900. Ukuhlala emandleni ukususela ngo-1997 ukuya kulolu suku.
• IScotland National - yasungulwa ngowe-1928. Umela ukuzimela kweSkotland.
• IWales (Plaid Camry) - yasungulwa ngo-1925. Uyakuthanda ukunika iWales uburhulumente.
• I-Unionist Party ye-Ulster - yabonakala ngo-1905.