I-neo-Nazi yi ... i-neo-Nazis yama-Ukrainian. AmaRashiya aseNashiya

Umntu angahamba kangakanani, ulungele ukwenzela ntoni? Imbali yehlabathi iyayazi imizekelo emininzi yoburhafelwa ngabantu egameni elinye injongo. Ngaba uluntu lwanamhlanje lugxotha uxhaphalo kwaye luyintoni esongela uxolo lwethu ngomso?

Ubugcisa bokulawula

Inkululeko yabantu inengqiqo. Abaninzi bethu banelungelo lokukhetha iinjongo zabo, imvelo, umsebenzi, kodwa into enye ayiguqukiyo - sonke sinokuthotyelwa, omnye umntu omkhulu, omnye kumgangatho ophantsi. Sithembele kubaphathi, kwintsapho, kubantwana, kuThixo. Ngoko kwakususela kwixesha elidlulileyo. Kuya kuba njalo. Amandla, njengenye yemvelo, ephantsi kwenkcazelo yomntu ngamnye. Iimeko zezobomi zinokuthi zicatshulwe ezi zinyanzelwana, zenze sibe sisengozini. Nangona kunjalo, akubona wonke umntu unako ukulawula. Emva koko, yintoni amandla? Okokuqala, amandla omoya, ukuthanda kunye nesipho sokukholisa. Ukuze ukwazi ukulawula, kufuneka ube nako ukukhutshwa, kufuneka utsho ukuze bakulandele. Abantu abanjalo, njengomyalo, bayingozi kakhulu kuluntu, kuba awaziwa ukuba yiziphi iinjongo abanokuzilandela kunye nokuba yiyiphi imihlatshelo abazimisele ukuyenza ukuze bafezekise.

Umzekelo oqaqambileyo kwimbali yoluntu iya kuhlala uAdolf Hitler. Kwakuyizakhono zakhe ezintle ezazisitshintsha nje kuphela imephu yelizwe, kodwa yonke imbali yembali.

Umbono weNazism

KwakuyiHitler ukuba ifilosofi yanamhlanje ihlawulwe ukuvela kwendlela efana neNazism. Ukuhlambuluka kwesizwe, ukulwa nobuthixo kunye nokuxhaswa kwabantu, i-chauvinism kunye nokuzithemba kwabantu nje zimbalwa zeempawu ezibonakalisa inhlangano yamaNazi. I-Nazism yindlela yobuthathaka oburhulumente, ebonisa ukholo olulodwa, inkokheli enye, ilizwe elilodwa kunye nolunye uhlanga. Nangona uvinjelwe ngokusemthethweni, iNazism iyaqhubeka ikhona ngisho nangamashumi eminyaka emva kokufa komholi wayo.

I-Nazism yanamhlanje ifana negama elifanayo, eliyinyaniso, kunye neqhosha le-neo, kwaye linemibono eyahlukileyo. Iingcamango eziphambili ze-neo-zamaNazi zamanje zisengumzabalazo wokuhlambuluka kobuhlanga. Kule nkalo, inzondo ngokobuhlanga kunye nocalucalulo kwilizwe likhula. I-neo-yamaNazi yanamhlanje ayiyona nje intsha ebuncinci ekhungulule imemeza iincwadana ezihlambalazo ezibhekiswe kubameli bezizwe ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkonzo zonqulo. Amaqela amaninzi awabiza ngokuba yi-ultra-right, echanekileyo, amela iimfuno zama-neo-Nazis kwiiphalamende ezininzi. Akunjalo kuphela eYurophu, kodwa phantse kuwo wonke umhlaba.

I-Motherland ye-Neo-Nazism

Nangona ukuba malunga neminyaka engama-70 idlulile ukususela ekupheleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, iJamani yanamhlanje iyanamahloni ngento yokuba ibe yindawo yokubi kwehlabathi. Le nkcazo yabangela ukuba amaJamani angamkeli iimbono zobuNazi. Ngokuqinisekileyo, umntu akanakuphika into yokuba kukho amaqela angama-radical aseJamani, kodwa axhaswa kakhulu lulutsha lwempuma yelizwe.

I-Neo-Nazis eJamani kunye nemisebenzi yabo ihlala ilinganiswe ngokukhawuleza kungekhona nje yamapolisa, kodwa ngabahlali abaqhelekileyo. Urhulumente kumgangatho wezomthetho ulwa nokubonakaliswa kweNazism, ukuthintela amaqela angama-right nakwiimpawu zamaNazi. Kodwa nangona kunqatshelwe, iincwadi zamaNazi, iincwadi zevidiyo kunye nee-audio ziqhubeka zihamba ngemida, zikhangele iindiza ezintsha ezintsha kwiindawo zamaNazi.

Yaye thina njani?

Nangona kwakubangelwa ukwethuka okwenzeka kubantwini bethu ngexesha lemfazwe, i-neo-Nazism iqhakaza kwii-expanses zaseMpuma Yurophu kunye ne-post-Soviet space. I-Neo-Nazis eRussia yaqala ukubonakala ngokukhawuleza emva kokupheliswa kweManyano, xa kuvela umkhukula wabafuduki belizwe elikufuphi kwelinye ilizwe. Ingcamango yokuba "Ubunye baseRashiya", kunye nesiqubulo esithi "iRashiya yeRashiya", yaba yinjini eyinhloko yentlangano yamaNazi eRussia. KwiSlovakia, umzekelo, ama-activists amakhulu ahlasela amaRom ngezikhathi ezithile, kunye naseLithuania nase-Estonia, imibutho ye-neo-Nazi ijonge ukukhuselwa kwamandla. Izenzo ze-Lithuanian neo-Nazis zijolise ekucaluleni abantu baseRashiya kunye neqela lamaKomanisi. Kodwa, mhlawumbi, imbonakalo enkulu kakhulu ye-neo-Nazism yabonakala e-Ukraine. Ama-neo-Nazis aseUkraine awanxamnye neRashiya kunye nabemi bawo, bazama ukuvimbela ulwimi lwesiRashiya, oko kwenzeka ukuba, kubangelwa ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-20 zase-Ukraine.

Ngama 90

Kwakuyiminyaka engama-90 eyabonisa ukuqala kokuphuhliswa kokukhawuleza kwe-neo-Nazism kumazwe ase-USSR yangaphambili. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yokuwa kwezimvo zobunenkokheli. Zonke izithethe ezaziqhelekileyo kubantu baseSoviet ngokungazelelwe zanyamalala, zishiya emva kweempucuko zentlalo entsha, yaseYurophu, apho abaninzi abantu babengakulungele ukuwamkela. Akukho nxaxheba encinci ekubunjweni kolutsha olutsha lwangama-90 lwadlaliswa ngongxaki yemali, xa intsapho, ebizwa ukuba ihlale ilindile imigaqo yokuziphatha kwaye ikhulise isizukulwana esincinane ngomoya wokuthanda nokuvisisana kwendalo yonke, yanika amandla onke ekuveliseni ukutya kwesonka. Abantwana, bashiywe bengalindelwanga, baqhutyelwa kuyo yonke into ebalulekileyo, kubandakanywa nemizila yolutsha. Kwabaninzi abafikayo ngexesha, i-neo-Nazism, i-neo-Nazi, yindlela yokuhlanzeka kunye nobulungisa. Le yithuba elilodwa lokuziveza kwaye ufeze into ethile. Abaninzi batyelela ingqalelo yokuqala kunye nenhlonipho kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, bakufumanisa kunye nabaselula abakhathazekile.

Ngomnyaka we-1992, umbutho wee-skinheads wabonakala eMoscow. Kwakuquka i-skinheads emancinci ukusuka kwiminyaka eyi-13 ukuya kwe-19 ubudala. Imisebenzi yabo yayijoliswe kakhulu ekulwa nombala. Iindawo ezinobungozi kunabo bonke abafundi bevela kumazwe aseAfrika, eVietnam, eChina naseKorea. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-1994, bonke abafuduka eGeorgia, iArmenia, neAzerbaijan bafika "kwiqela elibeka ingozi". Oku kubangelwe kwikampu yokuqala yaseKchenchen. Ekupheleni kwee-1990, ii-neo-zamaNazi zahlanganiswa namajoni asebenza e-Chechnya, ukunyakaza kwabonakala kubonakala ngakumbi, kwaye izenzo ze-radicals zazinogonyamelo. Ulwaphulo-mthetho olubhekiselele kubameli bezinye iintlanga lubonakaliswe ngamaqiniso apapashwe ngaba-neo-amaNazi ngokwabo-iifoto kunye namavidiyo, izinto ezilalelwayo. Konke okuba sisiseko sobubungqina ngexesha lovavanyo oluphezulu.

"Inkululeko"

Emva koko kwafika amaNazi ase-Ukraine. Iqela elincinci kakhulu elithintekayo e-Ukraine yi VO "Svoboda". Ukuqala imisebenzi yayo eNtshona Ukraine, "Inkululeko" yafudukela kwinqanaba, ithatha indawo ehamba phambili kwiipolitiki zase-Ukraine. Inkokeli ye "Svoboda" u-Oleg Tyagnibok ubeke phambili ukugqatswa kwakhe kwithuba lentloko kaRhulumente ngethuba lokhetho lokhetho. Iqela "Inkululeko" liqinise ngokuqinile izikhundla zalo phakathi koluntu oluphakathi kunye nenyakatho ye-Ukraine. Iinkokheli zentlangano yezopolitiko ezinzulu zihlala ezikhundleni eziphambili kwipalamente yaseUkraine. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku akunakwenzeka kodwa kubonakaliswe kwinkqubo yomgaqo-nkqubo welizwe langaphandle.
Isiphumo somsebenzi we-ultra-right force yimbhiyozo ye-100 yeminyaka yokuzalwa kukaStan Bandera, owayengumqhubi omkhulu we-fascists e-Ukraine ngexesha leMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic. Ukubuyiselwa kwamasosha aseMelika aseMbusweni wamaBurghi kunye nokuqhubela imincintiswano ngeempawu ze-UPA ngaphezu kokuthetha ngokuphathelele imeko yeyona nyaniso. I-Ukrainian neo-Nazi isilinganiso esiyingqayizivele saseUkraine esithiyiyo yonke into engqalileyo ikhumbuza iRashiya.

Ukubonakaliswa kwe-neo-Nazism eRashiya

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, le ntshukumo eRashiya ithola isixa-kazwelonke. I-Neo-Nazis yaseRashiya ayinabantu abemi kuphela abanomntu okhulileyo, kodwa nabaculi. Ukongezelela, ulawulo lwemisebenzi yeenhlangano ze-neo-Nazi likhula kancane kancane. Ukuba kwiminyaka engama-90 yayinganiselwe ekuhlaselweni kwe-hooligan kubameli bezinye iintlanga, namhlanje sinokuthetha ngokusongela ugqirha. Kunyaka ngamnye, inani labantu ababulawa eRashiya ngezandla zama-radicals landa ngo-30%. Kodwa enye iyatshiswa. Iipolonti zengxelo phakathi kwabantu zibonisa ukuba aba-60% abaphendulayo babonisa iimpawu zokunganyeliseki. Kubonakala ukuba ngaphezu kwesigamu sabemi baseRussia abaqhelekileyo bayayixhasa imibono ye-neo-Nazis.

I-neo-Nazi yanamhlanje isixhobo esinamandla kwizandla zobupolitika abanolwazi, ukuchasana nabaphathi. Ukudlala kwiimvakalelo zobuzwe kunokunceda ukufumana iinjongo zezopolitiko, ukufezekisa iinjongo. Iinkokeli zeqela eliphambili eziphezulu, zizama ukudala i-politics enkulu, zizimisele ukudala elinye iqela, ekuboneni kwabo, lingayicoca iRashiya.

BaseRashiya

Imibutho ejongene nolutsha olungamalungelo olutsha kwiRashiya yanamhlanje ineempawu ezininzi apho umntu angakwazi ukwahlula inhlangano ye-neo-Nazi ukusuka kuma-radicals okanye aseburhulumenteni. Amaqela amaninzi aphilileyo angakwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle kwenkqubo yezopolitiko.

Imisebenzi yabo ikhokelwa kwaye ixhaswa ngabapolitiki abachasene noorhulumente wangoku, kwaye yindlela ehlukile. Ukuthintela imisebenzi yaloo mibutho kunye namaqela ayenzi kakuhle. Akunakwenzeka ukuba kubekho omnye upolitiki onokukwazi ukuphelisa i-neo-Nazism. Ukuvinjelwa ngokwayo kuya kuqinisa kuphela isikhundla se-radicals, okwenza uxoxiswano olunokuthula kunye nokulawula phezu kwabo akunakwenzeka. Intshukumo yolutsha olulungileyo lunefuthe elibi malunga nenkcubeko yaseNtshona Koloni kunye nendlela yokuphila yaseYurophu. Ngokutshintshiselwa ubuchule obungavumelekanga bokubambisana kunye neentente zaseNtshona, ii-currents zazo zomculo zidalwa, ukufikeleleka kulokho kuphelelweyo. I-neo-Nazis yaseRussia phambili kwimisebenzi yabo iphakamisa imiba yobuzwe Ukwaneliseka kweemfuno zohlanga oluphambili kwintsimi yaseRashiya, okuyiRashiya, ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo.

Izigqibo

Abantu beRussia kunye neengqondo zeengqondo baye basondela kwingxaki yokusasazeka kwe-neo-Nazism phakathi kwabantu abatsha. Kuqhutywe iimvavanyo ezininzi kunye neenzululwazi zentlalo, iziphumo ezenza ukuba sikwazi ukuchonga iindlela ezilawula imisebenzi yabantu abaselula. Ngendlela, phakathi kwabasetyhini abaphenduliweyo, uninzi unyanzelekile ukuya kwi-conservatism. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuba kwiidolophu ezinkulu ezinkulu zichazwe ngokuchanekileyo njengendlela yezopolitiko. Oku kuchazwa yinkalo enkulu yabantu abatsha abanemfundo ephakamileyo kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwimpilo yoluntu kunye nezopolitiko zommandla kunye nelizwe.

Kwiindawo zasemaphandleni zaseRashiya, kwiMpuma Ekude, i-neo-Nazi imibono ihlala ithatyathwa yi-extremism. Njengoko uhlolisiso luboniswe, ukucinga kwabantu abatsha kubangelwa kukungakhuselekanga kwentlalo, ukungazinzi kwenkqubo yezopolitiko kunye nokungazinzi kwemali. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izazinzululwazi ziqikelela ukuba izinga lokuphuhliswa kwe-neo-Nazism liphakamileyo, kodwa lingabalulekanga. Abasemagunyeni banethuba lokuthatha isenzo.