Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, amaRussia kunye namaSlav aphakathi nento enye. Ukusuka eRusov okanye eRussia, kwakukho iqela elifana nelaseScandinavia lenduna okanye enye inkosi ye-feudal. AmaSlavs, njengabantu abangenalo impi kwaye bengayazi indlela yokuphatha umsebenzi, abazange bathathe inxaxheba kwiimfazwe. Ngako oko, umngcwabo wenziwa phezu kwerussia, kungekhona ngokweSlavic, kodwa kwizikolo zaseScandinavia. Oku bubungqina-ubutyebi be-ethnographic, ezo izazinzulu emhlabeni jikelele zaqala ukuqokelela ngokunyanisekileyo kwi-XIX leminyaka, ukuba zifunde iingcambu zabo, iingqondo zabo. Isixa esichitha kwiilayibrari, ukuqokelela ulwazi oluyimfuneko kumfanekiso, uHeinrich Semiradsky. "Umngcwabo weRuss ohloniphekileyo" waba yinto ebalulekileyo kumsebenzi wakhe.
Indlela umngcwabo owenziwa ngayo, ukuba ulandela i-sagas kunye nesibongo seengxowa
Kubaqalayo, iinqanawa okanye iinqanawa zakhiwe, eza kuthatha umphefumlo emva kokufa. Kwakudingeka ukuba umphefumlo wakhe ngephutha ngexesha lokungcwaba ngengozi akazange abuyele emhlabathini kwaye akazange athathe nabani na. Kuba ukugcinwa kwamasiko athembekile kugcinwe ngokungqongqo. Ngomxholo wemizuzu yonke yomntu oshonile uya kuhamba emva kokufa kwaye angabuyi kwilizwe labaphilayo. Ezi nkcukacha zaziyaziwa nguHeinrich Ippolitovich Semiradsky kwaye ziboniswe kwipayipi ethi "Umngcwabo weRuss ohloniphekileyo". Inkcazelo yomfanekiso iya kunikwa ngezantsi.
Izipho
Zenziwa kuphela ngokuhambelana nesimo somntu oshonile kuluntu. Omnye wanele kwaye inkukhu enye. Indoda ehloniphekileyo yayixhomekeke kwimibingelelo ecebileyo. Bayizixhobo zomculo, izixhobo ezicebileyo, amahashe ngamanani amaninzi, iziphuzo ezibangelwa ukuxhatshazwa, iziqhamo, inkuku, inkukhu. Ukongezelela, kwakukho imibingelelo yabantu kwisithethe. Oku, njengomthetho, kwakuyintombazana eyayikulungele, eyayingazi kakuhle ukuba yayiza kufa. Wayeqonda ukufa njengesenzo sokuthanda inkosi yakhe. Le ngcaciso yokuqala kufuneka inikezwe ngaphambi kokujonga umfanekiso "Umngcwabo weRussia rus". Inkcazelo yomfanekiso iza kucacisa ezininzi iinkcukacha.
Imbali yendalo
Ngowe-1883 umfanekiso omkhulu wenziwa kwiVolga kufuphi neSixeko saseBulggar: ityhubhu eyahlukeneyo, apho i-erudition ephawulekayo yomculi kunye nekhono lakhe njengomdwebi weziko lesikolo elichaphazelekayo. Njengolwazi oluyisiseko, wasebenzisa inkcazo yokungcwatywa kweRuse ngumhambi waseArabhu wekhulu le-10. Wabhala ukuba inkqubo yokungcwaba yahlala iintsuku ezili-10. Umfi wafakwa kwindawo ebanda (ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba kukho into enjalo, yayihlanganiswe ngeqhwa). Indawo yokutshisa ngokwayo yayilungiselelwe ngale ndlela: indawo yokucima umlilo yayilungiswe ngobukhulu be-3x4 m okanye i-4x6 m ngesimo sesigodlo esinomyinge we-7 m. Isangqa esilungileyo sagqitywa apho kwakukho umquba ongezantsi kunye nomcingo owenziwe ngocingo kunye neentonga. Kulo mfanekiso akubonakali. Oku kuya kukuthintela ukuhlaziya abadlali. I-Semiradsky ("Umngcwabo weRuss ohloniphekileyo") akhuphe ngamabomu le nto evela kumfanekiso. Kodwa ngobomi bemihla ngemihla kwakukho ucingo. Umfi, kunye namaxhoba, watshisa ngaphakathi kocingo. Umfanekiso ubonisa kuphela iiglogi eziza kutshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye umntu ofileyo uya kunyuka kwihlabathi eliphezulu lemimoya.
Indlela yokwabelana ngayo nepropati kwaye ulungiselele umfazi
Ipropati yakhe yahlula ibe ngamacandelo amathathu. Enye inxalenye yayishiywe kubafazi bakhe, enye yayisetyenziselwa imingcwabo, kwaye yokugqibela yayingumthendeleko wokungcwaba. Ubuthathu Emnye kwakungekho mthendeleko, kodwa ngokufanayo-uluhlu lwezemfazwe emva kokungcwaba. URuss ohloniphekileyo wayetyula iimpahla ezibiza. Kule meko, i-gold-thread brocade. Uhleli embhedeni ocebisiweyo. Emva kwakhe likhoboka elilungiselelwe ukunikela, elisezandleni zesiselo esinxilisayo se-hallucinogenic. Wayesatshiswa kuzo zonke iintsuku ezilishumi, kwaye wavunyelwa kakhulu ngeli xesha: wanikwa inkululeko ekudibaneni namadoda, umzekelo.
Culmination
Umfanekiso ubonisa umzuzu wokugqibela phambi kokuqala kokungcwaba. Ngendlela yokungcwatywa kwentsapho ehloniphekileyo. Inkcazelo yomfanekiso: amaxhoba sele esele anqunyulwa: amahashe amabini, inkunzi nenja. Kulo lonke iindaba zokubamba iindlebe, iikrele, isigqoko, ingxowa, iinqwelo zewayini kunye nezinye izinto zegolide. Kukho i intyatyambo. U-Sam rushen ugqoke ngexabiso, ngaphezu kweengubo ze-gold ezinamaqhosha egolide, kwinqanawa, ehlanjwe ngeempahla, iibhotile ezibomvu zaseMorocco. Ibhedi ihlanganiswe ngamaphephethi, intente ephezulu ngentloko. Ekufuphi - ikhoboka, elihlotshiswe ngamabhondi kunye neentsimbi, amacici axabisekileyo, kwiintloko zakhe zihlotshisiwe, ngoku uya kutshabalala ukusuka ngomzuzu ukuya kumzuzu, emva kwakhe kukho inkokheli eya kumbulala ngendoda. Emazantsi apho uhlala nendoda enekram ukutshabalalisa ixhoba leentombazana. Xa kunjalo, intombazana igcina iinyawo zakhe. Ikhoboka lizama ukusela enye iwayini. Ngakwesokudla kwisihlwele sabantu abaqhelekileyo isithixo abo bayinqula. Umlilo usulele, kwaye umyeni oneminyaka eliphakathi-oqhelekileyo ulungele ukuzisa itotshi evuthayo kwiimithi apho i-rook imi khona, kwaye iqalise ukushisa. Umxholo unemibala kakhulu ukuba ubhale ibali esithombeni. Umbala unomdla kuba awunakusebenzisa imibala ye-carmine okanye ye-kumachovy - kuphela igolide kunye ne-umbra (eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). Kukhona izibalo ezibomvu, kodwa abazimisela umbala wesithombe. Sekufuphi ekupheleni komngcwabo weRuss ohloniphekileyo. Inkcazelo yomfanekiso inikeza ilungiselelo elipheleleyo labalinganiswa abakhulu abasebenza kuyo.
Ibali lekhoboka lesigqila
"Ndiyinceku elula, jonga ukuba ndiyintoni. Ndiyonwabile ngoku, njengoko ndandigqoke kwaye ndithotywe ngamatye axabisekileyo, isiliva, igolide, iiparele. Ndandisoloko ndiphupha ukuba iNkosi iya kundiphulaphula, kwaye ndiza kuba sisancinza sayo. Kwaye ngoku, xa engathi ewe okanye cha, lixesha lokuthi: "Ewe, uyiNkosi yam kule nto, kunye neli hlabathi. Ndiza kukulandela njengenja ethembekileyo. " Ewe, ukuba unelungelo lonke, undiphelise ngakumbi ubusi bushushu. Kwaye ndiya kutshintsha isambatho sam, ukuze wonke umntu abone indlela enhle ngayo umfazi weNkosi, kwaye uguqa iintyatyambo kwizinwele zam. Wena, mfana, ndakuthanda. Sondela. Uya kudlala kunye nobusuku bonke kude kube sekuseni. Ilanga sele selikhulile. Ndiphakamise, mtshakazi, ngaphezu kwesango. Awu, ndabona ubaba nonina. Ubuso babo bukhanya ngovuyo. Oko bathethayo, abazange bakuqonde, kodwa into enhle. Yiphinde kwakhona. Ndabona ngoku bonke abangcwele kunye neentsapho zabo kwihlabathi lomngcwabo. Ixesha lesithathu ndiphakamise, kodwa uthele indebe ngakumbi, yonke into iyomile emlonyeni. Ndiyabona, ndiyayibona iNkosi yam. Uhleli, encinci, enhle, enamandla ngokupheleleyo kwintsimi eluhlaza, ejikeleze umthi onqabileyo, iifali zifafaza kuye, iinyawo zakhe zitshitshwe kwingca, zijikelezwe yiphunga elimnandi leentyantyambo ekucoceni, kunye nebomvu, kunye ne-blue, kunye negolide. Kwaye emva kwakhe, abantwana kunye namadoda akhe, bonke babuthana. U ndibiza endaweni yakhe. Ngoko ndikhokele kuye ngokukhawuleza ukuze angalindi ixesha elide. "Ibali elinjalo malunga nomzobo othi" Umngcwabo wentsapho ehloniphekileyo "iya kuhambelana nenyaniso yembali.
Inkcazo efutshane malunga nomculi
UHenry Ippolitovich uSemiradsky (1843 - 1902) wazalwa kwintsapho yodokotela wasePoland. Waphumelela kwiYunivesithi yaseKharkov, waqhubela phambili izifundo zakhe njengomculi. Ininzi yobomi bakhe wayehlala eRoma, ephefumlelwe ngamabali endulo kunye neBhayibhile. Imidwebo yenziwe ngeendlela zokufunda. Ngokuqhelekileyo babenemilinganiselo emikhulu, efana nezokhetho ezikhethekileyo zafuneka ukuba zixhase. Imizobo ibonakaliswe ngokubanzi, igqityiweyo kumbala kunye nokubunjwa. Zonke ziqinisekiswa ngokuchanekileyo. Kodwa akazange avalile kule sikhokelo. Uninzi kwaye usebenza ngokubanzi kwiifowuni kunye nemihlaba. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimifanekiso yeCathedral kaKristu uMsindisi. Ukuba ebusheni bakhe umculi ufunwa kakubi, ngoko xa ekhulile waba ngumntu ocebile waza washiya ilifa ilifa elifanele.
Loo ngumculi obalaseleyo we-Semiradsky, owashiye imisebenzi yakhe kumaqoqo kawonkewonke nakwabodwa. Inkcazo emfutshane yomzobo "Umngcwabo weRuss ohloniphekileyo", umsebenzi obalaseleyo we-epic, le nqaku.