Ubutyebi Water lommandla wethu. Izixhobo ze eSiberia kunye Krasnoyarsk Territory

Amandla omkhulu of Russia phezu kwamanzi ubutyebi yesibini kuphela eBrazil. Kule nkalo, ilizwe lethu ubeka uxanduva ebalulekileyo kunye olukhethekileyo ngokumalunga nokhuseleko, intlonipho kunye namanzi resources.

iingxaki Nezi

Ukuba imali eyaneleyo wamanzi ubomi nokuqhama kummandla wethu?

Growing yokusweleka lonke amanzi acocekileyo. Amanani kuqinisekisa ukuba namhlanje akukho iglasi enye yamanzi wonke umhlali sesine zomhlaba. Malunga nesiqingatha sesigidi sabantu kukho ukunqongophala kwamanzi.

babeziindleko ezinkulu zommandla Russian bazizityebi hlobo ngeziveliso zendalo. Amanzi ubutyebi lommandla wethu kunokubangela umdla elikhulu kwihlabathi kwezibonelelo zethu.

Iingxaki ezinxulumene namanzi, likwachaphazela Russia kwakunye ukwabiwa komhlaba kunye namanzi angaphezulu komhlaba kulo lonke ilizwe lazo. Enabantu abaninzi (accounted for 80% yabemi bebonke zelizwe) - i-Central, iVolga kunye nemimandla Southern - kuba% 10 kuphela kwemithombo yamanzi yonke imiqulu. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu gqitha kwaye eyiyo yokusetyenziswa kulawulo lobutyebi bamanzi.

Njengoko niye kulo lonke ihlabathi, bona kubathengi ezingundoqo kushishino eneji namanzi. Nangona kunjalo, le ngxaki ayikho kulo, kodwa into yokuba ulibambe zethu amanzi ngoongxowankulu angaphandle imithamo emikhulu. Namhlanje elikhulu lwemithombo yamanzi eliphethwe kwiinkampani zangaphandle (70% okanye ngaphezulu). Oku kungenxa yokuba abaphathi Russian kunye iinjineli zamashishini zethu indawo ngolwasemzini.

ubutyebi Water lommandla wethu: amanani

Russia - wokuqala koovimba ehlabathini angaphezulu komhlaba ngamanzi ahlaziyekileyo. Oku kubonisa ngaphezu kwe-20% izibonelelo behlabathi. Umthamo lomlambo flow kwi avareji ngonyaka ngamnye eRashiya malunga 4270 km cubic, apho malunga ne-30 amawaka cubic metres ngonyaka umntu ngamnye ngamnye kweli lizwe lethu.

Ewonke amanzi ubutyebi lommandla wethu ezingaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-2.5 imilambo (127 amawaka asetyenziswe.) .; million 2 amachibi; malunga nama-30 amawaka amadama .; Iinkqubo 37 (inkulu) nokunikezelwa kwemali phakathi nezitya; phantse 5 amawaka. amasimi kunye komhlaba. Stocks zonke iidipozithi iphicothwe iqulathe malunga 33 neekhilomitha metres ngonyaka ngamnye.

ukuba Eyona mithombo iphambili yamanzi ibekwe phezu ummandla i-European North (eSiberia nakwiMpuma Ekude). Kule mimandla, ikhaya ukuya 1/5 kuphela yabemi Russia kwaye, ngenxa yoko, inxalenye encinci amandla kanzulu zolimo nezeefektri kweli lizwe.

Ngokwamanani ubuninzi, imithombo yamanzi eRashiya luqulathe static (wempangelo) kunye nezibonelelo kwakhona angahlaziyekiyo.

Ratio imilambo Russian yi-22% ye-amachibi-kumgangatho wehlabathi - 30%, imigxobhozo - ngaphezulu kwe-phinde ngo 1/4, zomkhenkce - ngaphantsi kwe-1%, kunye komhlaba - ngaphezulu kwe-5%.

nomthamo kwexabiso kwezibonelelo zizonke yamanzi yendalo yelizwe lethu zimalunga ngaphezulu kwe 10.100 km ^h / ngonyaka. Ngaphezu koko, uninzi amanzi zenza flow umlambo (kwama-41%) kunye namanzi emhlabeni (malunga nama-34%).

Nokwabiwa kwezibonelelo kwi kummandla Russia. ubutyebi Water belizwe lethu, ubulunga bayo

imithombo yamanzi of Russia ezinkulu kakhulu. Ukanti imimandla emininzi Russian abe sele yaye uya kuba neengxaki ezinkulu ezinawo amanzi kuqoqosho kunye nabantu. Isizathu kukuba kakhulu ukwabiwa olungalinganiyo lwezibonelelo zamanzi kuyo yonke indawo, apho abasoloko ilingane iimfuno kunye iqondo eliphezulu ungcoliseko lwamanzi.

ubutyebi Water lommandla wethu ikakhulu zibekwe phezu kwemilambo inkulu: OB (eSiberia); Yenissei (eSiberia); Lena (eSiberia); Amur (Russia, China, Mongolia); IVolga (Russia, Kazakhstan); Kolyma (Iakutiia); Don - enye (kummandla Tula) endala; Hatanga (kummandla Krasnoyarsk); Indigirka (ophuma kwi-Arctic Ocean); Northern Dvina (indawo Vologod); Kama - le uviko inkulu lomlambo. IVolga (inxalenye yaseYurophu of Russia).

Russia imithombo yamanzi esisityebi. Injongo lommandla wethu - OB umlambo - na ubude luninzi phakathi yonke imijelo Russia - 5410 km.

Umgangatho wamanzi imizimba ezininzi amanzi ngoku ayanelisi. Okwangoku, kuba kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba "ezingcolisekileyo 'imilambo emikhulu zilandelayo: iVolga, Kuban, Yenisei, Pechora, Don, le Urals, i Donets. Iklasi of "amdaka" ziquka: Iset, Moscow, OB, Miass, Terek kunye nabanye. ungcoliseko yabo ezehlisa umgangatho amanzi okusela.

Resources eSiberia, Krasnoyarsk Territory

ubutyebi amanzi kwingingqi Krasnoyarsk elime kule uhehema lwesitya ye-Arctic Ocean. Eyona engundoqo omlambo lomlambo engundoqo Yenisei Territory: Right - Tuba, Kan Mans, Big linguPete, Kureika, Angara, Stony Tunguska ne Lower Tunguska, Hantayka; Ekhohlo - ezinkulu bakaHeti, Abakan, Thixo, Sym, Turuhan.

Kwakhona flow imilambo Chulym kunye Ket (oluphakathi kunye efikelela kuyo), ziphantsi isitya. Ob. Xa emantla Krasnoyarsk Territory kukho imilambo emikhulu - Khatanga (North-ntshona East eSiberia), Taimyr, Pyasina.

Yitya yonke imilambo ngenxa ukunyibilika kwekhephu ezintabeni zentlako-hlaza nezasehlotyeni, kwaye kananjalo ngenxa yeemvula. Uninzi lwemilambo ifanele ukuqabela nokuthumela ngenxa esikhukulayo, yabo. Uninzi lwemilambo imithombo umbane.

Kwakhona kwi kummandla mmandla kukho ichibi enkulu kwi esesihlanjeni North-eSiberia. Le Lake Taimyr kunye Pyasino. amachibi Zininzi ebekwe kwi-Central Plateau (Lama, Keta, Deep, Khantayskoye njl). On imilambo kunye Yadong Kureika zezona zinkulu kwiingxangxasi Russian.

imithombo yamanzi Rich zethu zelizwe ubukhulu ezahlukeneyo kunye neyantlukwano, ukungalingani yommandla likhuphe (ukufumaneka liphezulu kwimimandla enabemi kunye neemeko zemozulu ezimbi yaye kwangaxeshanye, kwamanani le ndawo sele kakuhle-populated).