Ubume bale lysosomes kunye nendima yabo ukutya lweselula

Iseli iyakwazi kuqwalaselwa nesakhiwo ephilileyo ultramicroscopic, eyaziyo, zonke iimpawu ezendeleyo emzimbeni. izinto cellular ebizwa organelles, enze umsebenzi wokuphefumla, nokuzala, ikheswa, ekugayeni. Lysosomes - enye iindidi organelles. Yokuba izakhiwo odnomembrannym kunye nemisebenzi ethile enxulumene ukwetyisa kwezinto kunye nezinto iseli yonke kwi icytoplasm. Kweli phepha sifunda ubume lysosomes nokucacisa indima yabo ukuphila iiseli.

Njengoko organelles kwakhiwa

Emele vacuoles odnomembrannye ezaliswe enzyme, lysosomes akhiwa amatanki Golgi entsonkothileyo yaye kuthiwa zaseprayimari. Imiphantsi bephuma umatshini esiseleni kukho icytoplasm. Xa lysosomes ezonakeleyo cytostructure baqale ukufunxa okanye ukwaphula phantsi umcimbi eziphilayo, bafumana igama eziziisekondari.

Ezi organelles azele izisombululo enqanda ekwazi cleavage kweemolekyuli carbohydrate, glycolipids kunye neeproteni. Ukuba lysosomes yesibini eziqulathe ezinjalo izinto eziphilayo esebenzayo ezifana proteases, lipases kunye sulfurylase. Le internals ye organelle iye pH ngaphantsi kwe-7, ekubeni enzyme zingasentla esebenzayo kwimeko asidi. Organelles ayakwazi endocytosis okanye pinocytosis. lysosomes Formation kuxhomekeke kakhulu iiproteni ezithile iseli kwakheka kwi imijelo granular reticulum endoplasmic.

Khemikhali Ukubunjwa lwesakhiwo matrix kunye lysosomes

Ukuqhubeka ukufunda iimpawu lysosomes, cinga kanye izinto benza bume lwabo lwangaphakathi. ezimbaxa enzyme iqulethe awona abalulekileyo: phosphorylase (lusicande acid), glucosidase (izenzo kwi iswekile, kwincindi, starch) kunye (amafutha luqinisekisa emolekyuli intshabalalo, steroids) lipase.

Own organelle inwebu uyala enzymes zikhankanywe ngasentla. Kwezinye iimeko, iba sengozini amanyathelo kwabo, nto leyo ekhokelela autolysis - self-ukunyibilika le inwebu, ukuze izinto ndlongondlongo matrix agalelwa yeseli kukho icytoplasm. Oku kukhokelela abazingcayo ekugayeni.

umsebenzi organelle

Yinto eyaziwayo neenkqubo ezibalulekileyo njani reactions pathways nokukhuthaza ukulahlwa izinto okanye amaqhekeza kwezakhiwo zeselula, ezifana mitochondria endala, ribosomes inkunkuma. umsebenzi High enzymatic of organelles sibonile kwezo kwiiseli, ebizwa phagocytic. Kuba ngaphezu kwabo bonke isakhiwo kwamajoni omzimba: basophils, macrophage, neutrophils, B lymphocyte. lysosomes Primary kuloo iiseli ezinkulu ngokwaneleyo (ukuya ku 0.5 microns). Bona ziqulathe enzyme ezifana ribonuclease, protease, DNase. eso sakhiwo sichazwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: iiseli ekwaziyo phagocytosis, lwanamathela iintsholongwane ikakhulu kunye amasuntswana entsholongwane equlathe iiprothini kunye asidi ribonucleic.

mechanism Okubangel 'enikezela organelles msebenzi proteolytic. amasuntswana Foreign okanye molecule kuqala rivaleleke vacuole. Nalo zidibana yenyani zaseprayimari, emoyeni i-enzayim hydrolytic. Ngoku lo organelle ekuthiwa zasesekondari yenyani uqalisa ngenkuthalo Digest ezifunyenwe yi izinto matrix. Iimveliso cleavage ngakumbi kwentamo kungena iiseli hyaloplasm intsalela undigested igcinwe ngaphakathi organelles, ngoku ekuthiwa ziiseli intsalela. Isakhiwo ngasentla yale lysosomes eendidi ezahlukeneyo kwaye acacise imisebenzi engundoqo kwezi zakhiwo cellular.

Indima organelles xa ngayo pathways omzimba womntu

Ukuba enqanda kwi lysosomes yavelisa ngokwaneleyo, kukho ukunqongophala kubo, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba izifo ngokuqatha ilifa, ezifana leukodystrophy metachromatic. Ubume be-lysosomes kweli ngezifo gesiqhelo. E matrix zabo ezingekhoyo okanye ngaba ufumene sulfatase karhulumente opholileyo - ohlaba enzyme cerebrosides. Njengoko imveliso yokucolwa kwi kwiiseli ze izihlunu luvo, kufuneka ilahlwe, kodwa ukunqongophala enqanda ezifanelekileyo kukhokelela beqokelela ezi zihlanganisi kwi neuroglia kunye hyaloplasm neurocytes. Oku kubangela ubuthi kwi inyama luvo esakha ingqondo kunye umnqonqo. Ngenxa yoko - uphuhliso ezingaqhelekanga ngokwasemzimbeni kunye yokudodobala kwengqondo.

Ngenxa yoko, odnomembrannye organelle onoxanduva ukwetyisa kwezinto, kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwisisele ukutya. Kulo msebenzi siye safunda ubume lysosomes, siye bafumana iindima zabo kunye nexabiso kumsebenzi iseli nomzimba lonke uluntu luphela.