Type Iziponji. Iimpawu ngesakhiwo kunye nezigaba sponge

Ihlabathi ngaphansi ezahlukeneyo yaye unique ukuba ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukwahlula izityalo kwizilwanyana. Ngoko iimilo yinqaba eziphilayo apho. Ezinkulu iingxilimbela marine ezineqokobhe planktonic ezincinane kakhulu, inemibala kwaye eqaqambileyo, kwiintshaba Azityi - iintlobo mad kweentlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Enye yezi zilwanyana ezimangalisayo kwaye imfunxa, nto leyo eza kuxutyushwa ngakumbi.

ulwazi jikelele

Ukuze ube indawo yezi zilwanyana kwinkqubo yehlabathi eziphilayo, unga:

• Empire - Cell;
• nobukumkani - Izilwanyana;
• Subkingdom - multicellular;
• ukuchwetheza - Iziponji.

Namhla siyazi ukuba kukho malunga 8000 iintlobo. 300 kubo kuhlala kwizikhewu kweelwandle lizwe lethu.

ngezigaba

uhlobo iziponji idibanisa zonke abameli ezaziwayo yeeklasi ezine ezinkulu.

1. Calcarea, okanye ikalika. Akha amathambo engaphandle ngendlela iityuwa calcium senziwa.
2. EziQhelekileyo Kremnerogovye. Representative eliyiNtloko - badyaga.
3. Glass (-ray ezintandathu). Inombolo weklasi amancinane.
4. Coral - iintlobo abahluphekileyo kakhulu.

Zonke ezi iziponji aneempawu zabo, kungekuphela nje zangaphandle kodwa isakhiwo lwangaphakathi, yokuphila kunye nokubaluleka kwezoqoqosho kubomi babantu.

isakhiwo sangaphandle

Mhlawumbi okungaqhelekanga kakhulu kuzo zonke iimpawu ezi zilwanyana ziya kuba nje yimbonakalo yangaphandle. Iimpawu ze isakhiwo olungaphandle isiponji ichazwe ngu ezahlukeneyo iimilo zomzimba ukuba uphawu kubo. Ngaloo ndlela, abameli kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo kuba ngohlobo:

• glass;
• neendebe;
• kwisakhiwo somthi.

lohlukanisa komzimba uhlobo single - axis vuvabyi, ku lobukoloniyali - mixed. umntu ngamnye abe yedwa okhethekileyo tyaba, esebenzisa apho zibambene emazantsi okanye kwenye zeendawana. Iziponji badla yokuphila ukugogeka.

Kwicala eliphezulu umzimba kukho umngxuma ekhethekileyo, leyo ibizwa ngokuba "oskulyum". Inceda ukususa amanzi agqithisileyo ukusuka kwisisu lwangaphakathi. Ngaphandle umzimba sigqunywe umaleko iiseli - pinakodermoy. Ziyafana kubume epithelial inyama izilwanyana ngaphezulu.

Nangona kunjalo, zikhona izinto ezikhethekileyo - ubukho pores ububanzi. Ubume imfunxa inika kukufakwa amasuntswana ukutya ngokusebenzisa lokuvula ophezulu ayikho, oko kukuthi nge multiple luchukumisa yonke Ukuhlukunyezwa umzimba ukuba ungenwe nokwandisa.

Phantsi zangaphandle zicwangciswe ezimbini ukuqwalasela ngokweenkcukacha kamva. Umbala zombini iintlobo abangatshatanga kunye yamakoloniyali kakhulu ezahlukahlukeneyo. Kukho ezi ndidi zilandelayo umbala:

• ndiyingwevu;
• eluhlaza;
• purple;
• yellow;
• ezimhlophe;
• elibomvu;
• brown;
• mixed.

Iziponji Chwetheza usenze ihlabathi kwamanzi, nto leyo ngakumbi eqaqambileyo, inemibala kwaye inomtsalane. Kulo mzekelo, xa siqwalasela ngokwahlukileyo kuthatyathwa ngamnye kumhlaba kobuso, kuya kuba kubi kakhulu: embhoxo kwesibindi ekrwada sinombala ibhola imtyibilizi, Ukushicilela wayengekafiki livumba elithozamisayo.

Isakhiwo yangaphakathi yaBameli

iintlobo ukwakhiwa iziponji ezifanayo, ukuba umntu omnye okanye eqhotyoshelwe kule koloni. Ngoko nangoko ngaphantsi umaleko ekupheleni iiseli dermal aneentunja ibekwe ethile into intercellular ezenza ngokomthamo esingxotyeni eyaneleyo. It lathamba amalungiselelo iiseli, nemilo yabo yahlukile. Eli laphu na isuntswana njengamanqatha emhlabeni ephakamileyo of Representatives. Esi sakhiwo ubizwa ngokuba "mezohil".

Phantsi kwale maleko ibekwe ngaphakathi umngxuma zazizaliswe iiseli ezikhethekileyo ezikufutshane. Lo maleko gastralnyj. Konke ukutya kuba apha, kwaye apha kufika ekugayeni. Onke amanxuwa kunye amanzi agqithisileyo uzakuthunyelwa orifice umzimba ongentla lilahle therethrough ngaphandle.

Kwakhona, isakhiwo isiponji kufuneka ibandakanye uhlobo elimele. It amiliswe ukusuka lime, phosphate, iityuwa eziphilayo, leyo ziveliswa ezikhethekileyo iiseli mezohila. Inika kuphela imihlathi imilo umzimba ezithile, kodwa sibalulekile zokugcinwa umonakalo kwisisu lwangaphakathi.

Iimpawu lohlobo sponge iyakuba ingagqitywanga, ukuba iphambili kumisela ezi zilwanyana - bomzimba wabo zomzimba, kodwa kuquka ezahlukeneyo ifomu yaye kuphela isakhiwo iiseli, ukwakha zikhabane. Nguwo lo ke umahluko ophambili phakathi izilwanyana ekuthethwa kuzo zonke kwabanye.

Kwakhona umdla yinkqubo ngamanzi-ethwele ngabanye. kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo ukuze ukungalingani. Xa iyonke kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili kuso;

1. ASCON - lonke unxibelelwano kunye nokusingqongileyo lwangaphandle ngenkqubo kweetyhubhu apho amanzi sihamba ngendlela ekhethekileyo iseli-cell. Eyona lula Aquifer System, nto leyo ifumaneka nabameli ezimbalwa kakhulu.
2. Seacon. Inkqubo phambili ngakumbi, equka womnatha eyayizalwa tubules kunye imibhobho ezisebenza zibe ziiseli ezikhethekileyo-negumbi misila.
3. Leykon - oskulyumov womnatha yonke, olu hlobo nkqubo akhwifa le uphawu kuphela iifomu lwamathanga. Inguqulelo ephambili ye imvelaphi zonke engaphambili.

Veliswa e iziponji kwenzeka zombini ngokwesondo asexually. iiseli intsholongwane akhiwa kule mezohila umaleko. Ezi mveliso ke lukhutshwa pores lomzimba ngaphandle ukusuka ngoku amanzi emzimbeni ukuwa omnye umhlathi, apho kwezichumiso kwenzeka. Ngenxa yoko elilodwa, isishiya ngumbungu. Le Qhotsa nga kubizwa amagama ahlukeneyo: amfiblastuly, parenhimuly, tselloblastuly.

Ukuba sithethe malunga nokuzala maqanda, ukuba sisekelwe phezu inkqubo thomo, okt zokuqhawula amalungu omzimba kulandele nokuhlaziya ngokutsa izakhiwo ezishiyiweyo. Uninzi uhlobo iziponji iquka izilwanyana hermaphroditic.

iimpawu yokuphila

Ukuba uqwalasela ukwahluka izilwanyana multicellular zehlabathi, kufuneka kwaziwe ukuba imihlathi kweqonga kakhulu abangekaphuhli lombutho. Noko ke, kwakhona izilwanyana kakhulu, khona apho kuya kubakho amawaka amaninzi eminyaka eyadlulayo. Ngexesha ngendaleko kwakubo, omncinane itshintshiwe, baya kugcina iimpawu zabo phezu kwexesha. Abameli uhlobo ubomi ibonwa ezimbini:

• eyodwa;
• lobukoloniyali.

Amaninzi wafumana ezisebenzisanayo emikhulu phakathi izixhobo. Kukho iindidi zombini amatsha (ukuba liqaqobana) kunye nabemi kweelwandle neelwandlekazi (inani ingaka qela species).

uhlobo iziponji iquka izilwanyana zitya eziphilayo ezincinane okanye iintsalela zabo. Xa isakhiwo imizimba yabo ekhethekileyo iseli onombhalo misila. Baya vele siqhele amasuntswana ukutya, eqondisa ukuba zibe engaphakathi umzimba uvuleke paragastralnuyu. Ekugayeni wenziwa intracellularly.

Xa indlela kwimveliso iziponji lokutya ingabizwa abazingeli kwisixando sokwenziwa. Bahlala nje kwisiza eqhotyoshelweyo zokulindela abasemkhombeni kwamasuntswana kwezondlo. Kwaba kuphela xa sele usondele kakhulu, ababamba nge pores waza wathumela kunye amanzi ngaphakathi emzimbeni.

Ezinye iintlobo bayakwazi ukuhamba, nangona kusafuneka kuphela ukuba uncamathiselo kwi zeendawana. Nangona kunjalo, izinga zabo mncane ukuba imini ekhethekileyo yonke ngenkankulu iza kuhamba umgama ongaphezu semitha.

A ezahlukeneyo sponge

Ngokuba onjalo bubonke isilwanyana ezahlukeneyo abameli ngendlela encomekayo - eneneni kukho malunga 8000 iintlobo! Yaye ngokutsho kwezinye data yakutshanje, eli nani kuyeza sele ukuya ku-9 amawaka. iyantlukwano lwangaphandle ngenxa iiyantlukwano ukumila, umbala kunye nohlobo amathambo umzimba umbala abathile (okanye ngamathanga).

Class Glass sponge

umdla kakhulu iziponji yayo ukwahluka yeglasi lwangaphandle. Abayi mininzi kangaka nje enye, kodwa babe skeleton engaqhelekanga. Le yenye Uhlobo olukhulu, nto leyo equka uhlobo zelaphu. iimpawu ngokubanzi abameli kule yeklasi inokuba iyakubonakaliswa iziqendu ezimbalwa.

1. I-Latin Igama iklasi - Hexactinellida.
2. Amathambo kwakheka of iikhompawundi lesilicon, ke ngoko ixesha elide kakhulu.
3. Uhlobo inaliti obuvelisa emzimbeni, nto leyo ilawulwa isakhiwo-kwakubonisa ezintandathu.
4. Ezidla uhlobo parenhimuly okanye tseloblastuly.
5. Aquifer System uhlobo leykona.
6. Colonial kaninzi ngaphezu uhlobo olulodwa.
7. Ngamanye amaxesha ukuya kwi-50 cm ngobude.

Abameli kakhulu zixhaphakileyo ezifana:

• hialonema Siebold;
• euplektella.

Class eziQhelekileyo Kremnerogovye, iziponji

Iziponji uhlobo ifoto abameli leyo kungabonwa kweli nqaku ikwaquka zininzi kakhulu kwinani abantu eklasini - Kremnerogovye, okanye Eliqhelekileyo. Got igama layo libe isakhiwo ethile samathambo - nto ibandakanya dust kunye spongina. Ukuqina kakhulu intekenteke lula batshatyalaliswe. Imilo ye amathambo ezi naliti yi zahlukahlukene kakhulu:

• sprocket;
• zibambelela;
• iNtonga yeGunya;
• neenaliti ezibukhali kwaye njalo njalo.

Ummeli amanzi uqhelekileyo imfunxa yamanzi ahlaziyekileyo - imfunxa, kusetyenziswa isalathisi ekuhlambululeni umzimba ngamanzi. Ngaphandle akuthandeki, umbala omdaka elimdaka, maxa wambi zimdaka-yellow. Isetyenziswa yi umntu ngenxa ezahlukeneyo kwiimfuno.

Ziziphi ezinye abameli zifumaneka phakathi iziponji zesiqhelo?

1. Miksily.
2. Halichondriidae.
3. isiponji zamanzi.
4. zobuciko Marine.
5. hondrokladiya Giant nabanye.

Class calcareous sponge

Oku kuquka abamele ukuba skeleton owomeleleyo ezintle calcareous. Zifumaneka kuphela elwandle kunye neelwandle. Imibala libunile okanye angekhoyo. iinaliti skeletal kunokuba malunga ezintathu ray. abameli Key: Ascona, Seacon, leukandry.

Class ilula Coral

Best abameli ezimbalwa efana amasebe coral. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba kusekwe amathambo enamandla calcareous imibala ezahlukeneyo kunye nesakhiwo kufuze.

Abameli geratoporella Nicholson, Merlot. kuchazwe nje, ezintandathu kuphela iintlobo zezi zilwanyana. Kangangexesha elide abazange kwahluke kwinkqubo lezixhobo, ngoko kwafunyanwa kakhulu kutshanje.

Ukusebenzisa sponge umntu

ixabiso ezibalulekileyo ngokoqoqosho kwabantu akwi uhlobo ngelaphu. Abameli ezisetyenziswa iimfuno zilandelayo:

1. Ingaba nxaxheba kwikhonkco lokutya, njengoko bona ngokwabo ukutya kwizilwanyana ezininzi.
2. Isetyenziswa yi abantu ngokwenza izacholo ezintle umzimba kunye ngaphakathi endlwini.
3. Inezinto evumela ukusetyenziswa kwazo ukulungiselela iinjongo zonyango (bodyaga sele ukufunxa sponge bazigruzule bawubopha bephilisa nefuthe).
4. Zisetyenziswa ukwenza iziponji ucoceko - iimveliso zendalo zendalo kushishino zokuthambisa.
5. Used in zobunjineli nezinye iinjongo.