Yintoni umahluko ukusuka kwezinye neentlanzi cartilaginous? Class of fish cartilaginous: inkcazelo, imizekelo

Enye izilwanyana ezininzi umdla zasemanzini iintlanzi. Class of fish cartilaginous - sharks ray - babe iiyantlukwano ezibalulekileyo kwezinye amalungu ale superclass.

superclass Pisces

Eli qela izilwanyana unguYe zonke izixhobo ukuze ubomi obutofotofo amanzi kunye netyiwa. Ngaphezu kwako konke, eli imilo iimeko lomzimba, evumela ukuhamba ngokulula. umzimba yabo ligutyungelwe esikalini. Ikhusela intlanzi ukusuka ukukhuhlana kwamanzi yaye inceda ukushenxa kulo. Isikhumba ukhupha eninzi yencindi, njengoko ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo. Amaphiko - uhlobo ivili egqiba ukukwazi ukuhamba. A yokuphefumla kumculo, ukuvumela ukuvelisa ioksijini ngamanzi, ligqiba ekugqibeleni zokuhlala ezi zilwanyana.

Nje indibanisela eyodwa iimpawu noshowo babe iintlanzi. Class of fish cartilaginous nethambo - iiklasi ezimbini kwezi eziphilayo. Nangona bume eqhelekileyo, zombini iimpawu ezifanayo kunye ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo.

Isakhiwo yangaphandle zeentlanzi

Zonke intlanzi, udidi cartilaginous intlanzi kunye ithambo, isahlulo sibe efanayo lomzimba. It is a intloko fixed, isiqu kunye nomsila. Isendaweni phezu phambi kwamehlo, umlomo zawo.

umzimba intlanzi igutyungelwe esikalini, nto leyo yemvelaphi horny ukubunjwa ulusu. Umgwaqo-up lamanqanaba zayo, ungakwazi lula ukufumanisa ubudala isilwanyana. Le nkqubo onokufaniswa ukuyilwa amakhonkco zonyaka isiqu emthini. Emva esikalini eyeka ikhula ebusika, kwaye iqalise inkqubo esuka ukufika entlakohlaza.

Ukuba wenza inkcazo ookrebe, kuyimfuneko ukubonisa ubukho slits kumculo emzimbeni bentlanzi. Formation ezifanayo azifake. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintlanzi zabo iigilizi zigqunywe ezineziciko.

Isakhiwo sangaphakathi iintlanzi

Zonke komzimba uxanduva ubomi emanzini yezi zilwanyana.

Onke amathambo amathambo ziye zadityaniswa iindawo 3: intloko, umzimba kunye amaphiko. Yaba lukakayi iyakhusela oluthembekileyo ebuchotsheni. Le nto ndiyibhalayo amathambo kumaqweqwe kumculo kunye ajike. Omqolo, equka nomzimba, yaye jike zenza ijelo ise apho umnqonqo. skeleton fin yakhiwa imiqadi, kwangenelela ne-izihlunu, nto leyo nentshukumo amaphiko.

Zonke intlala iintlanzi kuquka, abe isakhiwo efanayo kwinkqubo yokwetyisa. Oku limelwe ngokuthi kuvulwe umlomo, lo oropharyngeal kwisisu, kuvuleke iminxunya, isisu kunye emathunjini. Emathunjini fish cartilaginous iphela kumngxuma wokukhupha ilindle, Bone - le cloaca. glands sokugaya - nepancreas kunye wesibindi - iienzymes yabo imibhobho ze emathunjini amancinci.

Amalungu thaca izintso ulwabiwo - bafundelane ngezibini, imizimba iribhoni-ezifana apho iimveliso pathways olunazo, ehamba ngaphandle ngokusebenzisa ureters.

Phefumlela usebenzisa iigilizi intlanzi, ezinako ukukulumkisela ukukhulula oksijini kumanzi. Ziqulethe jike kunye iintyatyambo. Xa iintlanzi bony iintshukumo nokuphefumla ziqhutywa kunye ngoncedo dj ezikuyo. In cartilaginous inhalation somnyango kwiindawo zokubeka ngaphandle - iziqwenga 6-7 kwicala ngalinye.

Xa iqela engaqhelekanga izilwanyana zasemanzini - lungfish - iigilizi ngaphandle kukho ukukhanya elongezelelweyo. Kodwa ukuba aphile phezu lizwe abakwazi. Lula idibanisa ukuba kuvuleke iminxunya, ebavumela ukuba ahlale kuyo amanzi kunye nomxholo ioksijini eliphantsi.

Inkqubo yegazi imelwe kwegumbi-amabini intliziyo olujikeleza ivaliwe. Zonke zeentlanzi izilwanyana zinegazi elibandayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ubushushu bomzimba wabo kuxhomekeka kokusingqongileyo.

Le luvo iqulathe ingqondo kunye umnqonqo. Xa wokuqala kubo kuchongwa ingakumbi uphuhliso kwiCerebellum, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba iintshukumo entsonkothileyo nakwiintlanzi.

amehlo iintlanzi ukuvumela ukuba ukwahlula kuphela kucacile izinto ezikufutshane. Indima enkulu udlalwa phakathi lateral izitho umgca iintlanzi, ngalo bebona intlokoma yamanzi kunye Velocity yayo.

fish bony

Kuyinto ukuba abamele uninzi lwezi izilwanyana zasemanzini. fish bony luphawulwa iinkalo ezine eziphambili:

• amathambo;
• ubukho lwesinye qubha;
• cover dj;
• isikhumba zifakwa ngokupheleleyo esikalini.

Swimbladder imele izalelwe kuvuleke iminxunya ngeendonga ezingcakacileyo ezaliswe kunye neegesi. Ngenxa phambi kwakhe umlinganiselo nokuncipha iintlanzi. Oku kunceda ukuba kuqhutyelwa emanzini ngokulula. Ngaphezu koko, xa oksijini ukunqongophala emanzini wayo umthamo othile zinokudluliselwa ukusuka qubha esinyini ukuya igazi.

Iimpawu lweentlanzi cartilaginous

Kodwa eli qela kwezilwanyana, phezu koko, kukho cartilaginous skeleton kunye kumculo slits endaweni iziciko. iintlanzi Cartilaginous akukho lwesinye qubha. Oku kugqiba indlela yobomi nendlela yokuhlala. Ngenxa yoko, kumathambeka zikufutshane emazantsi yobomi, nookrebe sihlala motion.

umdla kakhulu eziphilayo zabo. neentlanzi Cartilaginous, ngokwahlukileyo ukuya ithambo, ayigqitywanga ngokupheleleyo esikalini. Oku ukwakweli umzimba lemiqolo wabo kwaye enze kwezinto eziqinileyo - dentin. Ngaphandle, i nesikali iintlanzi cartilaginous ufana amazinyo.

Yintoni fish cartilaginous? Ngokomthetho ixhoba. Ngoko ke, amazinyo abo zimiswe ngokwemigca eziliqela. Sharks musa ukuhlafuna ukutya kwabo. Bayambamba ixhoba labo, iinyembezi liginye yonke.

Pectorals kwiintlanzi cartilaginous zifumaneka elithe tyaba. Ngoko ke, iintshukumo zabo emanzini zifana iintaka bokubhabha.

ezizingelayo ezimbi

Inkcazelo japan shark ndikhwankqiswe nabani na, nkqu umntu kunabo. Kwaye abo basindileyo beyixelele oko nomzingeli, akunakwenzeka ukuba ufuna uyikhumbule. Oku akukho ngozi.

Sharks engabonakaliyo ngokupheleleyo ukutya. Kwaye nangona abanye babo uthanda ukutya kwizidalwa, abaninzi bakhetha isidlo esikhulu.

Taxonomists zimalunga 250 iintlobo ookrebe. Kodwa ezinkulu kakhulu yingozi kubo le weminenga neshumi ubude umzimba isigebenga unako ukufikelela kangangeemitha ezili-15.

Ukuba uninzi iintlanzi luphawulwa kwezichumiso wangaphandle, ezinye iintlobo sharks ovoviviparous. Caviar bazondelele kule emzimbeni umsebenzi wenkazana wasemvelweni, yaye emva kokukhulelwa ngaphakathi kwakhe umntu uyakhula ukuba aphuhle ngokupheleleyo.

stingrays

Ekuqaleni, le abameli cwaka benthic intlanzi cartilaginous alukho usongo kwabanye. Kodwa ray ezizingelayo, preying phezu molluscs, echinoderms ezineqokobhe.

Kwindalo, kuqhelekile ngakumbi stingray, kodwa iintlobo amanzi khona. Phakathi iintlobo semitha - stingray, yombane, manta, egudileyo.

inkangeleko yabo abuna- injezu. atshabalalisa umzimba dorsoventrally. Amaphiko tho naye, kwaye ikhankanya igama eli qela izilwanyana, gama elo elithetha "ekapa".

ngokobukhulu nayo umxhelo. Umzekelo, ubude yolwandle-uMtyholi (ingubo) lingaba ngaphezu kweemitha ezi-6, namaphiko - 3. Kwaye ukuze Ungaveyisha ubunzima obungama- 2 tonnes.

Umdla kukuba kwimitha ndingabhabha. Akafani iintaka, kakade. Kodwa, etsiba ephuma emanzini 1.5 yeemitha, ukuba ukudala lowo mqondo.

elasmobranchs meaning

Imisebenzi zabantu abahlala kwindawo ekhethekileyo iintlanzi. Udidi kweentlanzi cartilaginous asinto nje isisongelo. Isikhumba shark wenza izingxobo izipaji. nomnikelo wazo anazo iipropati ezixabisekileyo okunesondlo, amanqatha ngumthombo iivithamini siphande izinto.

Stingray nayo yinto zorhwebo. Kodwa abaninzi kubo ayingozi ebantwini. hvostokolov impembelelo linokugqiba, kunye exposure ray zombane - zimtyhafise.

neentlanzi Cartilaginous abangabameli emangalisayo izilwanyana zasemanzini zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni kwitsheyini lokutya kwaye isifundo lweenkomo ngumntu.