Ukuzimela kombuso: iintlobo. Isihloko sogunyazisiweyo karhulumente. Umgaqo kaRhulumente wezendalo zendalo

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, oomnotho bacinga ukuba u-monopoly ulwaphulo. Ngokutsho kwabo, akunakwenza ukuba umntu ongu-monopolistyuzi ahlaziye kwaye aphucule inkqubo yokuvelisa.

Ngalo mqathango umntu akakwazi ukuvuma kodwa, kufuneka ukuba wongezwe ukuba kukho iindlela zokuvelisa ezingenakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuzimela. Kwaye, ukuba kumacandelo athile oqoqosho ekubonakaliseni i-marhwebo, ithembisa ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwiindleko zeenkonzo.

Indlela yokulawula ukuzimela?

Ukuba awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokuzimela, ke umbuzo ohambelanayo uvela malunga neendlela kunye neendlela zokulawula imisebenzi eyenziwa kuloo marike. Emva koko, ngaphandle koku, amaxabiso angakhula ngokungaxhomekanga, kwaye umgangatho weemveliso uya kuncipha.

Kule meko, ulawulo oluphambili lwama-shishini anjalo ngumgaqo-nkqubo wombuso wokuzimela. Ngoncedo lomthetho ofanelekileyo, urhulumente usetha iimeko ezithile ngaphaya kwelo shishini elingenako ukuphuma.

Ukuba sicinga ukuba ulawulo lwamazwe, ke konke akulula. Emva koko, ngubani na, ukuba awunjalo urhulumente, unokuncedisa izibonelelo zayo ukuvelisa iimpahla ezikhulu kwixabiso elikhethiweyo? Mhlawumbi, akukho shishini loshishino elinokukwenza oko kuba liza kulahlekelwa ngumthombo wokuxhaswa kweendleko zokuvelisa. Kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo zentlalo ngaphandle kwenkxaso karhulumente akakwazi ukwenza.

Ingcamango yombuso wedwa

Ngoko, ngaphambi kokuba uqale uhlalutye lo mbuzo, kufuneka uqale udibanise le ngcamango. Ukuzimela kombuso luhlobo lokungabikho kokungafezekanga, apho umbuso ngokwawo uphezulu.

Oku kungenziwa ngenxa yenani lezinto ezininzi: ukukhuselwa kwamacandelo abuthathaka abemi, umthombo owongezelelweyo wokuzaliswa kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, umgaqo-nkqubo ojolise ekulawuleni loo macandelo oqoqosho olumnandi kakhulu kwilizwe.

Ziziphi iindawo ezinokuthi zibonwe zikarhulumente?

Ngokwenene, ulawulo lwamazwe amazwe amaninzi luyongezelwa kwiinkonzo ezilandelayo kunye neempahla:

- iimveliso zokusetyenziswa kwamanzi;

- izidakamizwa;

- utywala;

- iteksi;

Ukuthengiswa kweempahla ezithile ngaphandle;

- amaminerali, njl

Ngamanye amazwi, i-state monopoly iyithuluzi apho urhulumente angakwazi ukulawula amacandelo ebalulekileyo oqoqosho kulo.

Ngubani na umxholo wobukhosi bombuso?

Le nkcazo ibizwa ngokuba ishishini okanye inhlangano, enikwa ilungelo lokusebenza kwimakethi yodwa.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, iqumrhu likarhulumente lombuso liyi-stock stock stock elawulwa nguRhulumente. Kodwa ingaba yintlangano apho kungekho nxalenye yombuso. Ngokuqhelekileyo, loo mibutho kufuneka ifumane izatifikethi, iilayisenisi kunye nezinye iimvume zokwenza imisebenzi ewela phantsi kombono wokuzimela.

Uthini umahluko phakathi kwendalo yendalo?

Ukuzimela kwendalo kwenziwe ngamanqanaba endalo okunciphisa izinga leendleko kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, ukunciphisa intengo yeemveliso eziveliswe okanye iinkonzo ezinikezelweyo. Ukucaca, cingela: ukuba ngamnye umphathiswa wayefuna ukwakha isiteshi sakhe somzila kunye nomzila wakhe wesitimela, kuya kumnyanzelisa kwaye kubandakanye kwiindleko zetikiti nganye ezi ndleko, eziza kubangela ukwanda okukhulu kwindleko zokuhamba.

I-state monopoly yenziwe ngokudala imithetho efanelekileyo kunye nesakhelo solawulo esichaza eso simakethi, iindlela kunye neendlela zokuqhuba imisebenzi kuyo, kwakunye neendlela zokulawula.

Nangona ixabiso lemarike lithatha ubukho boshishino elilodwa kuphela elivelisa iimpahla ezichaphazelekayo, iindawo zendalo kunye noluntu zintlukwano ngokweenqanaba lemfundo, iindlela zokulawula kunye nomgaqo.

Ngokuqinisekileyo bonke abaxhomekeke kwiingqungquthela bawa phantsi kwengqalelo kwiziko ezizodwa ukujonga ukuziphatha kwabo kwiimarike, ukuqinisekiswa kweendleko kunye nomgangatho weenkonzo, iimpahla.

Umgaqo-nkqubo welizwe lolawulo lwendalo lwendalo lulandelayo:

1. Ukuchonga loo mimandla yomsebenzi apho kukho uxolo.

2. Ukuqinisekiswa, ukuthelekisa, ukuhlalutya nokuvunywa kwamanani eempahla, iinkonzo ezinikezelwa ishishini elizimeleyo.

3. Kwiimeko zokudinga, utshintsho kwimithetho yokusebenza, urhwebo, okanye utshintsho olunyanzelisayo kwixabiso lemveliso.

Uthini umahluko phakathi kwendalo yendalo?

Ukuba sithelekisa umgaqo-nkqubo welizwe wezendalo zendalo kunye neemeko xa igosa ngokwayo lizimeleyo, ngoko kukho ukusoloko kunengxaki ngokufumaneka kolwazi lwezorhwebo kwimisebenzi yoshishino.

Ukuba kwimeko yendawo yokuzimela kwendalo kufuneka ibonelele ngemali kunye neengeniso zayo, iindleko, inzuzo kunye nokunye ukuhamba kwemali, ngoko phantsi kolawulo lwentlalo kungekho nto inokwenzeka ukuba ayifumane loo nkcazelo kwi-shishini.

I-Monopoly, esungulwe ngu-state ngokufanelekileyo, ithathwa njengeyivaliwe, kuba akukho mntu unokuyichukumisa ngaphandle.

Ziziphi iintlobo zolawulo lombuso?

Ingaba ngumthetho kwaye ilungelelaniswe, kwaye mhlawumbi idalwe ngokukhawuleza ngokutsha kwemali, njengoko kubonakaliswe ngamaqiniso amaninzi kwintshutshiso yamagosa angaphambili kumazwe ahlukahlukeneyo.

Ukuzimela ngokusasazwa kweemveliso zonyango eziqulethe izinto ezinokuxhamla umlingo kuthathwa njengelungileyo kwihlabathi. Ngokomzekelo, ulawulo lwaseburhulumenteni eRashiya ukuhanjiswa kwezinto ezinjalo kukuphela kwendlela ekhuselekileyo yokukhusela uluntu kwizinto ezinokulimala kwezi mali. Yintoni eyayiza kwenzeka ukuba wonke umntu abe nokufikelela kwizinto ezinjalo? Ngubani na ongammisa umntu ukuba enze iziyobisi zonyango? Ngenxa yokuba nangaphandle kweemarike ezivaliweyo kweli lizwe kukho izithambiso zethunzi zokubonelela kunye nokurhweba, ukukhululwa kwezinto ezidakisayo kwiimarike ezisemthethweni kuya kuhamba kunye nokwanda kwenani lezilwanyana eziluthayo.

Kuvela ukuba ngokunciphisa ngokukhawuleza inani labathathi-nxaxheba kulo marike, iRussia inako ukufezekisa izinga eliphantsi lokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezahlukahlukeneyo ngenjongo engekho mthethweni.

Ukulawulwa kukaRhulumente kwezinye iimarike yimeko yokukhusela kubemi belizwe

Umzekelo ofanayo uya kuba ngumntu olawula ulawulo lwezandla zangaphandle, kunye nezinye izixhobo zempi. Ehlabathini kunye nezokwanele ngokwaneleyo iingxabano phakathi kwamazwe ahlukeneyo, nangaphakathi kwazo.

Kule meko, ukuhweba kweengalo zamahhala kungekufanelekanga - kunokunciphisa iziseko zokhuseleko lwesizwe kumazwe.

Kodwa akusiyo yonke into, ukudala i-monopoly ecocekileyo, yenza izinto ezintle. Kukho imizekelo emininzi apho, ngokuvumelana, amagosa adala i-cartel okanye i-syndicate, apho kwenziwa amacandelo amashishini athile.

Ubonakala njani? Ngokomzekelo, iqela lamagosa abameli abanomdla wabantu abashishini abakhulu banokubhala nokuthobela umthetho onokudala imakethi yokuzimela ngokuzenzekelayo ngokuxhomekeka kubathengi babo. Oku kwenziwe ngaphezulu kweyodwa kumazwe asondele eRashiya.

I-Monopoly yinyanzeliso

Enyanisweni, kwiimeko zokhuphiswano olugqibeleleyo, inkqubela phambili kwimveliso, ukuphuculwa kweenkqubo zomsebenzi, ukwanda komgangatho wemveliso ngokusesikweni kokunciphisa iindleko zemveliso ngokukhawuleza kunokugqithiseleyo, ngakumbi urhulumente.

Ngelo xesha, ulawulo lwesizwe luqhele ukusetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokwandisa ukunyaniseka kubapolitiki. Umzekelo, ukunciphisa ixabiso lokungahlawulwanga kwempahla okanye iinkonzo kusetyenziswa. Ukuba isakhiwo siqinile, ngoko siya kukwazi ukutshintshisa amanyathelo athile ngexesha elithile.

Enyanisweni, ukuqonda okunjalo kweemarike kuyiphutha, kuba kukhokelela kumashishini angenanzuzo. Ngenxa yoko, uya kufuna iimjovo ezintsha kwibhajethi.

Ngokomzekelo, khawucinge ngamashishini asebenza kwi candelo leoli kunye negesi. Eli candelo lezoqoqosho lisoloko sisondlo seRussia Federation. I-oyile, i-gas - ezi zibonelelo ezisetyenziswa yiRashiya kumazwe angaphandle kumaxabiso amaninzi. Imiqulu inkulu kangangokuba xa iimpahla zimile, zingasongela ukuyeka amaninzi amabhizinisi emhlabeni wonke usebenzisa ioli kunye negesi njengezinto ezibonakalayo.

Ubungakanani balo mthombo wemvuzo lukhuthaza ilizwe ukuba lifuna ukulawula ngokugcwele konke okwenzekayo kwimarike. Kwaye kulula kakhulu ukulawula enye yamashishini karhulumente okanye iqela elisebenza phantsi kwecwangciso elivunyelweneyo kunemibutho yezorhwebo. Kwaye ubukho bamacandelo abucala kubuninzi abuyi kubakhokelela ekuphuculeni komgangatho wemveliso.

Kule nto sinokugqiba ukuba ulawulo lwaseburhulumenteni eRussian Federation luyimfuneko ebalulekileyo yokulawula ulawulo olubhekiselele kumacandelo ebalulekileyo oqoqosho.