Umnini-shareholder ... Uthi umnini-nxaxheba uhluke njani kumtyalo-mali?

Umnini-shareholder ngumntu wendalo okanye osemthethweni, kubandakanye inkampani yokubambisana okanye inkampani yangaphandle engenalo isimo sombutho wezomthetho, kodwa unamandla omthetho ohambelana nomthetho welizwe langaphandle. Kumntu wesabelo-mali, iRussian Federation, iqumrhu layo okanye iqumrhu likamasipala, elinalo elinye okanye ngelo xesha lizabelo ezininzi kwi-capital of the company stock-stock, lingazenza.

Abanikazi nabanikazi kunye nolawulo

Umnini-sabelo ngumntu, kunye nabanye abantu abaneli gangatho ngaphakathi kwenkampani, ummeli wolawulo lolawulo lwenkampani. Naziphi na izigqibo ngaphakathi kwintlangano zithathwa kwiinkampani ezibambisene nazo, zombini ngokuqhelekileyo nakwizinto ezingaqhelekanga. Umthamo wesabelo-mali unquma amalungelo abanini-zimali ngokumalunga nenkampani. Oku kunokuba nelungelo lokutyunjwa umviwa kwiBhodi yabalawuli, kunye nelungelo lokuzisa umba kwi-ajenda yomhlangano jikelele. Ubungakanani besabelo-mali nangayiphi na indlela ayichaphazeli ilungelo lomnini-nxaxheba ukuba athathe inxaxheba kwintlanganiso kunye nelungelo lokufumana izabelo. Izahlulelo zibalwa ngokuhambelana nobukhulu bebhanki yamashishini, kodwa kuphela ukuba isigqibo sokubahlawula sithathwe kwintlanganiso ehleliweyo.

Abatyalomali kunye nolawulo

Umtyalo-mali unokuba ngumbutho wezomthetho kunye nomntu ogcina imali enkulu kwiiprojekthi zotyalo-mali. Umtyalomali unomdla kwiiprojekthi ezikwazi ukunciphisa ingozi. Abathathi-nxaxheba kwiinkampani ezibambisene nazo banomdla ekukhuthazeni iiprojekthi ukwenzela ukwandisa igalelo ngokuthatha inxaxheba ekuphuhliseni kwabo. Umtyalomali akanalo ilungelo. Ucinga nje ngeprojekthi, uhlalutyo lwaloo mhlaba kunye nethemba, wenza isigqibo.

Ziziphi na abanini-mali?

Umnini-shareholder ungumnikazi wezabelo ezithile, uhlobo oluthi lubeke ubulungu balo kwicandelo elithile. Unokwahlula:

• Umnikazi wezabelo eziqhelekileyo;
• Umnikazi wezabelo zoluhlobo olunelungelo.

Ngokuxhomekeke kumthamo weefa, ezi zilandelayo zidibeneyo:

• Umnini-nxaxheba kuphela onaloo-100% wezabelo;
• Uninzi okanye omkhulu, ophethe ipakethe enkulu yeemfanelo ezinika ilungelo lokuthatha inxaxheba ekulawuleni i-JSC;
• Isabelo-mali esincinci, unelungelo elingaphantsi kwe-50% yezabelo zokuvota;
• Umnikazi wesabelo-ntengiso ngumntu onomlinganiselo osisiseko wezabelo ezivumela kuphela ukuthatha inxaxheba kwintlanganiso jikelele kwaye unike ilungelo lokufumana izabelo.

Ukuba kukho i-1% kuphela yamasheya, umntu okanye umbutho wezomthetho sele sele unelungelo elipheleleyo lokuthatha inxaxheba ekukhethweni kwabaviwa kwibhodi yabalawuli benkampani. Ngokubhekiselele kumtyalomali, kungakhathaliseki ukuba utyalombile kangakanani kwiprojekthi okanye kwinkampani, akayi kufumana eli lungelo. Ukufana okuphezulu phakathi kwababini abathathi-nxaxheba bemarike yemali kunokubonwa kuphela xa uthelekisa umtyalomali kunye nomnini-ntengiso. Kule meko, lo mva uza kuba nenzuzo ethile kwinxalenye yelungelo lokuthatha inxaxheba kwintlanganiso jikelele.

Ukwahlukana kwamandla

Ukuba ucinga abanini-zimali kunye nabatyalomali ngokwemiba enokwenzeka yokufumana, unokuthetha ngokufumaneka kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokugqibela. Umtyalomali unakho konke okufunekayo ekutyalomali nje kuphela kwiinkampani ezibambiseneyo, kodwa nakwintsimbi exabisekileyo, imali, ukugcinwa kwamasheya, kubandakanywa izabelo, kodwa ngaphandle kokuncedisa ukwenza inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yenkampani ayityala kuyo. Kufanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba xa kuthengiswa iprojekthi, umtyalomali akafumani nantoni na. Umnini-sabelo unelungelo lokubamba isabelo sakhe, ngokuhambelana nesabelo-mali, ngokubala kwi-capital of the organization, eyasala emva kokuhlawula onke amatyala. Eli lungelo aliwa nje kwisiseko sezinto eziphathekayo, kodwa nakwipropati kwiphepha layo lemali (izixhobo, uomatshini, indawo yokuhlala, njl.).

Abanikazi abanini-mali kunye nabatyalomali babetha ukufana kumzekelo wezabelo zeGazprom

Abakwa-Gazprom abanini-mali kunye nabantu abagqibelele ukutshala imali yabo kwinkampani enkulu yaseRashiya baxhomekeke kubantu abanjalo, kodwa kuphela xa sicinga ukuba sisebenze kunye neentloko ezincinane. Utyalo-mali lungahluke kakhulu, kuquka utyalo-mali ekuthengeni izabelo, ezenza ukuba kubekho ukufana okubonakalayo. Iintlanganiso zabanikezeli-mali nabanini-zimali ngokufanayo zigcinwe ngokuchanekileyo, kodwa nokuba uthathe inxaxheba kuwo okanye cha, esi sinqumo ngasinye ngasinye. Ukufumana isabelo esincinci samalungelo okuba nenkampani, umntu ongokwemvelo okanye osemthethweni akanako ukutshintsha utshintsho kwimithetho yomsebenzi wayo. Abaniki-mali beGazprom (kunye nabasomali-mali abafanayo) bathenge impahla ngebhanki, okanye ngenkxaso yenkampani yokuthengisa, okanye kwi-MICEX kunye ne-RTS exchanges. Abatyalo-mali abancinci kunye nabanini-nxaxheba kwiimeko ezininzi abanalindelanga ukuhlawulelwa kwezihlawulelo, izigqibo malunga nokuphunyezwa kwazo ezifunyenweyo kwintlanganiso. Baphatha umzuzu wokunyuka kwexabiso lezabelo kwaye bazithengise, bafumana umlinganiselo wexabiso. Olu hlobo lusetyenziswa kuphela kubanini-nxaxheba abancinane kunye nabatyalomali. Abathathi-nxaxheba kule nxalenye yeemarike baneeplani ezinkulu kunye neenjongo.

Uthini umahluko phakathi kwesabelo-mali kunye notyalomali we-Sberbank?

Njengoko kwimeko kunye neGazprom, umahluko phakathi kwabanikazi abancinci kunye nabasomali-mali abakho, kuba utyalo-mali kwiziko elikhulu lezemali likhulu kuphela ngokuthengwa kwezabelo, ezitshintshela ngokuzenzekelayo imarike yezemali kwiqela elinye ukuya kwelinye. Abanikazi bamasheya eSberbank, abazakhelayo izabelo ezingaboneleli ukufumana inxaxheba kwintlanganiso, bangabizwa ngokukhuselekileyo ngokuthi abatyalo-mali ngokugcwele ngokupheleleyo le ngcamango. Abanikazi bamasheya eSberbank, abanokufikelela kwiintlanganiso kunye nokufumana iimpahla ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kumsebenzi weziko lemali, bakhokelwa ngamaxesha amade. Abasomali-mali basimhla, emva kweemeko zehlabathi kwiiminyaka emva nje, bakhetha ukutyalo-mali kwiprojekthi ngexesha elifutshane lokuhlawula, kungekhona ngaphezu kweenyanga eziyi-2-3.

Isabelo-mali njengenye yamacandelo amacandelo abatyali-mali

Indima yomtyalo-mali ingabelwa kubo bobabini kunye nombutho wezomthetho, onokukwazi ukulawula kuphela abo, kodwa nabo banomdla. Xa usebenzisa i-capital yakho, utyalomali ubizwa ngokuba ngumntu. Ukuba lo mva usebenzisa iimali eziphakanyisiwe emsebenzini wakhe, ufumana isikhundla seziko. Kukho ukwahlula kwabatyali-mali ukuya ngqo kunye neepotifoliyo. Iphothifoliyo isetha njengenjongo yokuphindaphinda kwexabiso. Abanini-zimali basomatyalomali abachanekileyo abatyala imali kwiimpahla zeenkampani ngokubaluleka kokufumana amandla athile kummandla wolawulo lwayo.