Ibharometer yehlabathi yoqoqosho

Umyinge weDow Jones weShishini yeShishini i-index index yezabelo zeenkampani ezingamashumi amathathu ezinkulu zaseMelika. Yadalwa ngu-editor-head-head of the WallStreetJournal nguCharles Doe ngo-1884 kwaye kwasekuqaleni isetyenziselwa ukuhlaziywa kwangaphakathi okuvaliweyo.

Kwizinto ezikhoyo zeemarike zanamhlanje, i-index ye-Dow Jones ibizwa nje ngokuba ngumvuzo kwiimbali, kuba uninzi lwamalungu abandakanyekayo ekubaleni ayingabandakanyeka ngokupheleleyo kulo mbutho.

Ekuqaleni, isalathisi yabalwa njenge-arithmetic ithetha phakathi kwamaxabiso ezabelo zabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba. Ngoku yonke into iyahluke. Isixa soxabiso lwazo zonke sihlulwe sibe ngumcebisi othile, ohlala eshintsha utshintsho olukhoyo kwenkxaso yeenkampani okanye ukudibanisa. Inkcazo yokuqala yokupapashwa yayiye ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi elinesi-1896 ngo-1896. Kwakuquka iinkampani ezilishumi elinesibini elona zikhulu zorhwebo zaseMerika zelo xesha. Kuze kube ngoku, kwi-index yeenkampani ezindala ziphela "ziMbane zombane". Inkampani yashiya iqela le-elite kuphela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi leminyaka kwiminyaka emininzi, kwaye ke yayisisigxina.

Emva kowe-1928, xa inani leenkampani ezithatha inxaxheba kwisalathisi zaba ngama-30 kwinani lazo kwaye azizange zitshintshe. Ukujikeleza okungapheli kuthetha ukutshintshwa kweenkampani enye okanye ezimbini, kodwa ngexesha lobunzima bezoqoqosho ezinxulumene neziganeko ezibizwa ngokuba yi "Great Depression", iinkampani ezi-7-8 zakhawuleza ziphuma zibala. Kwakukho amaxesha amaninzi apho abathathi-nxaxheba behlala bengatshintshi iminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe neshumi nesibhozo. Kwakukho amaxesha amabini ukusuka ekuqaleni kweenqaba ukuya kwiminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe.

Isilinganiselo sokupapashwa sokuqala sasingaphantsi kwama-41 amanqaku. Amawaka okuqala afumaneka kuphela kwiminyaka engama-60. Kwiminyaka engama-90, xa i-US yayisisigxina sokukhula kwamashishini, isalathisi safikelela kumanqaku amawaka ama-5, kwaye ngo-1999, amaphuzu ayi-10. Ekuqaleni kwee-2,000, ukukhula kwesahlulo kuye kwabonakala ngokubonakalayo, ngokukhawuleza kwabonakala emva kokuhlaselwa kwamaphekula eNew York.

Kuphawulwe kwiimpazamo zesalathiso esinikela ngokubaluleka okuqhelekileyo kwintengo yesabelo ngaphandle kokuthelekiswa nexabiso lesiseko, ngoko ke inkcazo inokuthelekiswa nelinye ixabiso elifanayo. Kwaye kunye ne-30 kuphela, ngaphandle kweenkampani ezinkulu ngokwayo, ayinikanga ingcamango ecacileyo yengqondo kwimarike.

Kwingcaphuno yesalathisi ngeli xesha kukho iinkampani ezidumileyo zehlabathi njengeCoca-Cola, Disney, Boeing, McDonald kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Naphezu kwayo yonke into, i-index ye-Dow Jones ihlala ingumdala kunabo bonke kwaye ihlonishwa kakhulu kuzo zonke iifowuni ezikhoyo ezikhoyo, kwaye ukulinganiswa kwayo okuzinzileyo kuyona yezona zixhobo zehlabathi zokuzinza kwezoqoqosho.