Le ndawo Schengen

Okwangoku, le ndawo Schengen wenziwe 25 amazwe aseYurophu ukuba aye wahambisana kwisivumelwano kwegama elifanayo. Ngenxa yesi sivumelwano ihlatyiwe yokundwendwela kunye nolawulo namasiko phakathi bonke abathathi nxaxheba kwindawo, yaye abantu ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo ngapha imimandla ngalinye enye. It esayinwe Luxembourg kwi isikhephe excursion kufutshane nedolophu Schengen ngo-1985.

Ukutyhubela iminyaka, inani lamazwe osoloko itshintsha, ukwandisa ukusuka komnye unyaka ukuya komnye. Ekuqaleni, ukusayinwa yayizinyaswe kumazwe 5: eJamani, eBelgium, eFransi, Luxembourg, iNetherlands wangena force on 03.26.1995, yena wancediswa kumazwe omnye 2: Spain ne Portugal. Kamva, ngowe-1997, i-Schengen zone (amazwe Austria kunye Italy yaba yinxalenye) yayibandakanya ezilithoba ithi. ISivumelwano Amsterdam wenza utshintsho elikhulu izivumelwano EU, amalungiselelo zayo zasemthethweni.

Ngo-2000, eqale Greece olwenzeka ngaphandle iNtaba iAthos, yaye ngowe-2001, oko kubandakanya: eScandinavia, Sweden kunye Finland kunye namalungu non-EU Norway Iceland. Ngowe-2006 esamkelwa Borders Code, athe chu kuhle ukusihlaziya uThixo 2010 yaye kongezelelwa isixhobo ebophelelayo zento visa "B".

Ukwanda inkulu kwathi ngo-2007, xa isakhiwo yayiquka iHungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Malta, Slovenia, Slovakia, Poland, Czech Republic Estonia. Ngo-2008, ummandla Schengen iya kuchuma Switzerland, yaye ekupheleni kuka-2011, kwelinye ilizwe ukuba sithathe indawo amasiko free - Liechtenstein. Zezona 3 neye-4 non-angamalungu kwi-European Union. Kuba kwakholeka kwabelaseMakedoni, Serbia neMontenegro iye zisonjululwe kunye 01/01/2010, i-visa-free ukungena kwilizwe sivumelwano.

Kundwendwelo amazwe Schengen zone ibandakanya ulawulo umda olunye kumda lwangaphandle. Ukongeza, esebenza ubukhulu becala njengoko bengatshatanga. Phuma entry lwenziwa ngaphandle ulawulo umda kunye nokuhambelana kunye nemimiselo eyahlukeneyo imida angaphakathi angamalungu yalo mmandla. Ukongeza, iphucula kakhulu Shengena umda zone kunye ulawulo wesithathu ithi ukuba ukuba lo umda. Bezibophelela kwaye baphumeze inkqubo eqhelekileyo kunye accounting ukuze umntu ngamnye nghena lizwe okwethutyana, aqhube ulawulo kwangethuba imida lwangaphandle nokuphuhlisa intsebenziswano kwezomthetho kunye namapolisa cross-umda.

Kwiimeko ezizodwa apho isisongelo kunokwenzeka ukuba umyalelo loluntu okanye ukhuseleko yangaphakathi (ngexesha ezahlukeneyo iziganeko zemidlalo, iindibano, iingqungquthela ebalulekileyo ezopolitiko) ulawulo emdeni imida lwangaphakathi phakathi kwamanye amazwe kwisithuba nga lincitshiswe. Eli gama liye umda ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-30.

Le ndawo Schengen idibanisa kummandla States apho umthetho lwabo luyasebenza, kodwa njengomlambo intshukumo yabantu kuthatha indawo kwi ukusebenza kakhulu lula kunye ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Oku kuquka kodwa ngokusemthethweni a de facto micro-ithi ezintathu eYurophu: Vatican City, San Marino kunye Monaco. Ukongeza, Andorra akukho ulawulo lwangaphakathi emideni kunye amazwe bommandla. Le ndawo Schengen (ilizwe Ireland kunye United Kingdom ayikho kodwa zibandakanyiwe kumafa layo) ziza kwandiswa kungekudala. Oku kungqinwa imvume mazwe ukuba babe yinxalenye. Kwixesha elizayo, oku kwakhona umbusi eBulgaria, aseSipro Romania kunokwenzeka, bekukho impikiswano eshushu ngoku phantsi indlela. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ummandla Schengen ligubungela ngaphantsi kancinane kwama-4.5 million. Km 2 kwaye likhaya ngaphezulu kwezigidi 400. Man.

Ngaphambi elihlangana, amazwe kufuneka sidlule ukuza kukhangela ukuba senisilungisile kwiindawo ezine uqikelelo: imida umoya, zokundwendwela, intsebenziswano yamapolisa kunye nokukhuselwa data zobuqu. Xa indima nabahloli bamaxabiso abangabameli - iingcali ezizodwa yaseYurophu.