TU-144 - ngokuhlasela rider moya supersonic

Tu-144 - hayi nje i "Iimpawu zokuqala"-moya umkhweli supersonic. Le yenye iisimboli ixesha eli lizwe eSoviet "IMfazwe" kunye noludumileyo yayo zobugcisa phezu kwihlabathi Koloni. Tu-144, phantse kabini isantya isandi kunye namashumi embalwa ngaphambi kwexesha layo, aphawula isiqalo sexesha elitsha sithwala moya, nto leyo ke, andizanga kude kube ngoku. nowethu yayo kuphela kulo - IsiNgesi-French "Concorde" - wabandezeleka ukusilela nokuba ezithe- ngakumbi.

In gqira abantu, mhlawumbi, kwaba sekunjalo ithekhinoloji benzululwazi akukho ukulungele ukufumana impumelelo enjalo. Ke emhlabeni yesayensi phantse ayaziwa ke loo nto malunga fatigue metal. Imbali lonke ukhuphiswano le mishini zimbini lukhatshwa ziintlekele oluqhubekayo kunye nokungaphumeleli kumacala omabini.

Xa wazi yeprojekthi Anglo-French ngokudibeneyo ukwakha supersonic umkhweli airliner ngokwesiseko entsha, indlela eSoviet Union yaba ngoko nangoko. Impendulo kule projekthi wayefanele ukuba ibe Tu-144. "Concord" elalibalwa kwisantya ingami kuluhlu 2200-2300 km / h. analogu eSoviet ezifunekayo ukuze ngaphezu eli nani, kwakunye nabanye abaninzi. Nikita Khrushchev, akukho nto wayefuna ukuba bavume neentshaba zabo Western.

Ukuqulunqwa kwale projekthi yebhongo wayenikwe Tupolev. moya entsha wawongwa uphawu "TU-144", yaye ulwakhiwo lwalo sibandakanya Voronezh moya mveliso. Ukuzalwa komntwana elitsha ishishini moya yiSoviet phambi "Concorde" kunye noludumileyo lobugcisa bala airliner Soviet phezu umatshini Anglo-French bezithathwa kungekuphela nje umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu yezopolitiko. Imali ukwakhiwa Tu-144, njengoko senziwa eSoviet Union, ukuba angawaconganga.

yonke Ulwakhiwo supersonic metal intaka ngobuwena na ukukhanya phambili iingcamango zeteknoloji: kufakwa workpiece automated CNC kunye neziphumo ezifunyenweyo fuselage Isiqwengana olunzulu okanye iphiko moya. Ukufunyanwa okuzenzekelayo ngokuqinisekileyo ke phantsi, kodwa ndlela ngenxa yesizathu esithile ukulibala ukuba iimveliso semi-ogqityiweyo ukuba ubukhulu enkulu kunye etshe kufuneka isikali efanelekileyo. Ewe, kunokuba nzima ukungunda, ebangela ekubunjweni inhomogeneities zasekuhlaleni inclusions okanye iziphene, attenuating isinyithi.

Mhlawumbi oku akuzange ukuba kulungile, ukuba umatshini kuyo. Ngapha koko, i-Tu-144 kwafuneka onokuwoyisa ngayo umqobo isandi, yaye ngaloo ndlela ukumelana overload omkhulu. Umzekelo, nembangi yayo zobugcisa "Concord" emva ixesha elide kakhulu iyasebenza ngqo kwi-flight waqalisa iwe kwamaphiko. Kwaye isizathu akuzange kube lula ukufumana phandle ixesha elide. Wenza iintlobo zovavanyo kakuhle. Kuquka amachibi ezinzulu xi phezulu kakhulu. Ekugqibeleni, oko nje ethatyathwe kwimveliso.

Malunga bayahlelwa efanayo wehlelwa TU-144. Emva phambili isakhiwo eyenziwe kwisitovu zonke-metal olulingana enkulu kwezinye iindawo wahlala ezingcakacileyo umakad '(ukuya ngemilimitha ezimbini). Benento kungekudala liqhuma ngaphandle oluzinzileyo ukucima kombane esisigxina enkulu.

Nakuba kunjalo, i-Tu-144 malunga nobude bexesha ukusebenza kude ngaphaya "Concord", nangona kusekho kwisikhumbuzo kulo matshini nezinobuzaza. Mhlawumbi eyona idumileyo - ngesihelegu eyenzeke emoyeni show e Le Bourget ngo-1973. Amava angathethekiyo olufunyenwe ekudalweni kulo matshini iye yasetyenziswa kuyilo nolwakhiwo enzima airliner supersonic Tu-22m kunye Tu-160 ngempumelelo.

Kwaye yenza Tu-144 ukuya kumbindi ekupheleni koo sele isetyenziswe ngempumelelo xa ezahlukeneyo zophando lwezenzululwazi :. Study Kwezinto Eziphelisa Iqokobhe umhlaba, kwelanga elanga, njl Ngomhla ukuguqulwa kulo matshini - Tu-144 - ukuseta lishumi iirekhodi ihlabathi ukuba nabangekafumani babethwa.