Translation ukusuka okubini lokugqibela - konke nje

Ibinzana ukuba yonke into entsha - akunto oko kufana kakuhle ilityalwe ubudala, ngokupheleleyo isebenza kwinkqubo yokubini. Kubonakala ukuba China yamandulo baye basebenzisa into efana yethu "umanyano-tac-toe", inyaniso ayikho kuye arithmetic, nangenxa yokubhala itekisi kwincwadi yoTshintsho. Kufutshane ekuqondeni iinkqubo inani ezahlukene yeAfrica; basebenzisa kunye lesishumi kwaye kabini iinkqubo, Noko ke, kubakho kuphela kwimiyalezo ikhodi. Simele sicinge ukuba nkqu ngoko, amawaka 4. Kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, Inca wayekwazi ukwenza inguqulelo ukusuka okubini kwinkqubo wokugqibela.

Inguqulelo mihla le nkqubo yokubini yaphakanyiswa yi Leibniz, ezinye kwiminyaka kuphela 300 eyadlulayo, yaye emva kokuba-kwenkulungwane enesiqingatha Dzhordzh Buli washiya igama lakhe kwimemori yomsebenzi elizayo kwi algebra ekuqiqeni. izibalo Binary, kunye algebra ekuqiqeni yaba sisiseko ubugcisa yangoku yedijithali. Yonke le nto yaqala ngo-1937, xa indlela uhlalutyo esingumqondiso relay kunye utshintshe nje kwiisekethe yaphakanyiswa. Lo msebenzi uClaude Shannon waba "umama" kuba relay computer owenza Ukongeza kabini sele ngo-1937. Kakade ke, enye yeenjongo zalo "ukhokho" kweekhompyutha mihla sele iguqulelwe ukusuka okubini wokugqibela kwinkqubo.

Kuye kuphela iminyaka emithathu, yaye omnye umfuziselo relay "ikhompyutha" ithumela umyalelo ukuya sokubala lweenombolo ezintsonkothileyo, usebenzisa umgca yefowuni kunye itheminali - kakuhle, internet nje endala amanyathelo.

Yintoni yokubini, lokugqibela, hexadecimal, yaye, ezihluphekileyo ubukhulu becala, nayiphi na inkqubo N-qibo? Akukho okunzima. Thatha inani elinemivo emithathu-ngaphakathi kwindlela yethu lokugqibela zintanda, ukuba limelwe kunye digits-10 - ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya ku-9 ngokungqinelana kwindawo yazo. Ukumisela ukuba inani lamasuntswana ngabona bakwizikhundla 0, 1, 2 (inkqubo uya ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya inani lokugqibela). Endawni ngalinye lingaba naliphi na inani lweenkqubo, kodwa ubukhulu eli nani kuxhomekeke kuphela kuphawu lwakhe, kodwa kananjalo indawo isikhundla. Umzekelo, ukuba inombolo 365 (ngokulandelelanayo, izikhundla 0 - mfanekiso 5, reference Inani u-1 - umfanekiso 6 kunye nesikhundla-2 - umfanekiso 3) ixabiso isikhundla zero - a 5 kwindawo yokuqala - 6 * 10, kwaye eyesibini - 3 * 10 * 10. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba, ukususela kwindawo yokuqala, iquka inani elikhulu nemivo (0 ukuya ku-9) kunye nenkqubo nesiseko kangangoko kulingana inombolo yendawo, ngamanye nga makubhalwe 345 = 3 * 10 * 10 + 6 * 10 +3 = 3 * 102 + 6 * 101 + 5 * 100.

Omnye umzekelo:

260974 = 2 * 105 + 6 * 104 + 0 * 103 + 9 * 102 + 7 * 101 + 4 * 100.

Njengoko kubonakala, indawo ngokokuma ngalinye liquka inani luncedo iipasela le nkqubo, kwaye ke ngumba inkqubo isiseko kwi isidanga elingana owanikwa inani lezithuba (oku inombolo isuntswana inani lezithuba, kodwa omnye ngaphezulu).

Ukususela ngokombono imbonakaliso ifomu yayo yokubini zidida ngendlela elula - 2 kuphela kwenkqubo - 0 no 1 Ke nobuhle yemathematika nkqu iphetshana thumbanails oko kunokubonakala kunzima, amanani yokubini amalungelo afanayo ngokupheleleyo nangokulinganayo, kwakunye zabo ngaphezulu "abade nabo." Kodwa indlela ukuthelekisa kubo, umzekelo, kunye nani lokugqibela? Njengoko kukho khetho, musa ukukhawuleza, ukuguqulelwa i gocr inkqubo inani ukuze lokugqibela. Ingxaki ayikwazi kubizwa ngokuba nzima, kodwa lo msebenzi nzima kufuna ingqalelo. Ngoko ke masiqale.

Ngokusekelwe nokungentla, ngokomyalelo Ukuboniswa kwamanani nayiphi na inkqubo, yaye kuthathelwa ingqalelo elula kubo - yokubini, kuthabatha sequence "babo-tac-toe." Sikubiza kule nombolo IVOTI (in Russian NGO), kwaye zama ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni - iguqulelwe ukusuka okubini wokugqibela kwinkqubo. Makube IVOTI = 11.001.010.010. Ekuqaleni nhla, inani yenombolo. Makhe sibone!

I Umqolo wokuqala iqulethe inani ngokwayo ngohlobo elide, kwaye eyesibini bhala indlela isixa umba ngamnye ngohlobo imiba - digit ebalulekileyo (apha ukhetho incinane - 0 okanye 1) kunye nenombolo-2 ukuya ngamandla inani ngokokuma kwinkqubo wokugqibela, nathi senze uguqulelo oluvela okubini lokugqibela. Ke kaloku, kule umgca wesibini ufuna nje ukwenza izibalo. Ecacileyo, sinako ukudibanisa kwakhona umgca yesithathu kunye izibalo esiphakathi.

IVOTI = 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0;

IVOTI = 1 * 210 + 1 * 29 + 0 28 + 0 * 27 + 1 * 26 + 0 * 25 + 1 * 24 + 0 * 23 + 0 * 22 + 1 * 21 + 0 * 20;

IVOTI = 1 * 1024 + 1 * 512 + 0 * 256 + 0 * 128 + 1 * 64 + 0 * 32 + 1 * 16 + 0 * 8 + 0 * 4 + 1 * 2 + 0 * 1.

Thina ubale "izibalo 'kumgca wesithathu, kwaye sinazo ufuna: IVOTI = 1618. Ngoko ke yintoni na enkulu? Yaye isibakala sokuba eli nani - edume zonke ezaziwa ebantwini: inxulumene ngokomlinganiselo iiphiramidi baseYiputa, yayingeyiyo Mona Lisa, amanqaku zomculo umzimba womntu, kodwa ... Kodwa kokuphuculwa kancinane - esazi ukuba okulungileyo kufuneka ibe kakhulu neNkosi ityala oku wasinika inani lamaxesha 1000 ixabiso elikhoyo - 1,618. Mhlawumbi, ukuze bonke baya. Kwaye ngokungalindelekanga yaguqulelwa ukusuka okubini wokugqibela bancedisa ukusuka kulwandle engenasiphelo yamanani "catch" eziphawuleka - ibizwa ngokuba 'golden ".