Tatar leeholide. Culture of Tatarstan

Tatarstan - omnye kakhulu langaphambili le-Russian Federation. Inkcubeko yommandla umdla zombini ngaphakathi kwilizwe kunye nehlabathi liphela. Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba kukho iiholide Tatar ezahlukeneyo ezikhethekileyo. Njengazo zonke inkcubeko uhlanga, bona umdla ethile.

amasiko Territory

ERashiya, kunzima kakhulu ukufumana isifundo eyayiza kuba njalo ngenyameko ungayigcini ukukhunjulwa kwabo wesizwe ukuba ayidlulisele kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Tatar amasiko babe imvelaphi yazo kumaxesha amandulo, edibene nenkolo, ukumnika imveliso ye banenkcubeko eyahluke kakhulu.

Njengoko imizekelo ayinikiwe kuphela izinto Tatarstan ingabizwa izithethe ezikhethekileyo lokuzalwa komntwana (uquka iseti kwezithethe ezilandelelanayo - ebilek, avyzlandyru, bogeyman munchasy, bogeyman ashy), ukuthandana nomkhwenyana nomtshakazi (ukusuka apha malivakale lonke ilizwe izithethe enjalo, njengoko ikhazi), umtshato (eli siko wathabatha kuqhubeka ngokwezigaba eziliqela yaye angahlala ukuya kwiinyanga ezintandathu).

Ukholo nemicimbi

AmaTatar - abalandeli amahasa unqulo Islamic. Islam ukungena ngamandla ngoyena ndoqo olu hlanga, nto leyo yenza nempembelelo enkulu phezu ungubani. amasiko Islamic siyaphila namhlanje, yaye ngenxa yoko ke, akumangalisi ukuba Tatar leeholide zonqulo yesizwe ngenkuthalo lubhiyozelwe imihla yethu. Ukuze ujonge mibhiyozo ezinxulumene ngokholo, nokuba kukho amanye amagama - Gaeta kunye Bairam. ekhethekile bafumana imibhiyozo yonqulo esingelwe ukudla, idini kunye nemihla ebalulekileyo kubomi uMprofethi Muhammad.

iiholide spring

Spring - ixesha elikhethekileyo kubomi babantu Tatar. Eli xesha lonyaka isoloko kuzisa nayo ngezandla ezishushu ukuba kudala kungakhathaliseki unqulo eyayibonwa ekuqaleni into entsha, ukubuya ebomini wendalo. Ngoko ke kwacaca ukuba eli xesha kwaphawula enkulu kangangoko Tatar leeholide zikazwelonke. Enye yezinto ezininzi yamandulo yale mibhiyozo kuthiwa "Kara boz boz bug" kwaye unxulunyaniswa nobudlelwane elide lulindelwe. Njengoko usazi, into yokuqala nebangela ukuba ube nobudlelwane - kwiimbutho ngumkhenkce ukusuka amanzi, ngoko esi siganeko ngokuqhelekileyo ibhiyozelwa uloyiso wokuqala kwentwasahlobo phezu overstayers ebusika kude.

Spring Year New

Kule mihla, mhlawumbi emthonjeni yeholide ibalulekileyo Novruz Bayrami ayikho - uloyiso phezu kulingane. Enyanisweni, le mini Unyaka Omtsha lokwenyani ikhalenda kwenyanga Islamic. E Tatarstan ngomhla ezicacisiweyo ibhiyozelwa ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, oko wagqiba lokuba mandiyibhiyozele kwisangqa intsapho, lo gama phezu kwetafile kufuneka izitya ikhoyo iimbotyi, iertyisi, irayisi. le mikhosi ezikhethekileyo, ukuba yenziwa abanomsindo kwaye ngovuyo bonke abantu kwakukholelwa ukuzisa ithamsanqa nolonwabo kunyaka wonke. Ngokufutshane, i-Tatar spring yombhiyozo imbali yosapho, igalelo ekomelezeni amaqhina entsapho.

Hydyrlez

Inkcubeko yamandulo iintlanga ezininzi ngendlela enye okanye omnye edibene iinkomo namantshontsho nezolimo. Akukho ngaphandle, yaye nangezinto. Ukususela kwixesha lakudala baye ehlonitshwa eliphezulu umalusi wobugcisa. amasiko fundise ezele Tatar iholide Hydyrlez, kuphawuliwe ekuqaleni kuka May. Kumaxesha amandulo, lo mbhiyozo ingakumbi ayeze kwaye wathi, njengokuba umthetho, iintsuku ezimbini-ntathu.

Njengoko izithethe kule holide onyanzelekileyo langoku lemveliso isonka ezizodwa - kalaki nowezonkana ezisicaba ezingenagwele, a uthuthu eshushu. Le mibhiyozo eziphambili ukuthatha indawo kumsitho ngokuhlwa Hydyrleza. izinto zeMveli ngenxa yale mibhiyozo - omlilo, apho zombini ngokutsiba abadala kunye nabantwana. On Hydyrlez AmaTatar wagqiba ukuqala emthonjeni umsebenzi wokwalusa, ezenza kwakhona libhekisela nokuhlaliwa yamandulo yabantu. Kuthiwa lo mbhiyozo kwakhona ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwe iCrimea AmaTatar kunye enxulumene Gagauz.

Sabantuy

Akukho umbhiyozo ayaziwa ngaphandle kwelizwe njengoko Sabantuy - Tatar leeholide eyayinikelwe ekuqaleni umsebenzi wokulima. Ngoku lo mbhiyozo ibhiyozelwa ngoJuni 23 kodwa kumaxesha amandulo, umhla unyule abadala, abadala iilali ekhethiweyo. Nje phambi kokuqala kweholide abantwana baya iindwendwe kunye nesicelo ukubanika ephatha. Iimveliso kids eziqokelelweyo ekhaya, kwaye sele kukho isiqingatha ababhinqileyo yentsapho ukulungiselela kwabo itafile izimuncumuncu kusasa. Ngokukodwa, ingqalelo yahlawulwa bumdaka leeholide, le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba "ehlasela 'isidudu'. Emva kwesidlo sakusasa saqalisa mibhiyozo, owokuqala apho - ukuqokelelwa amaqanda abantwana. Ngaphezu koko, ezi amaqanda zipeyintwe ngemibala eyahlukileyo. Ezindlwini The nowezonkana ezisicaba ezingenagwele, pretzels, iibhola ezincinane intlama - baursaks.

Le mibhiyozo eziphambili kufuneka lwenzeke kwiindawo zembutho (kwi-Tatar - "Maidan"). Enye ukhuphiswano edume - umlo kwi imixwayo, kuresh. Ngelo xesha Kwathi kukhuphiswano ngokubaleka, apho bonke abathathi-nxaxheba bohlulwa ngamaqela ubudala. Umdlalo igqityiwe ukweqa.

Namhlanje Sabantuy - Tatar leeholide, ezafumana ubume yemibhiyozo yesizwe iphambili Tatarstan. It lubhiyozelwa kuphela kwiidolophana kodwa kwiindawo kwizixeko ezikhulu. Kwakhona waqalisa ukhuphiswano italente yeemvumi kunye abadanisi.

Zhyen

imibhiyozo yemveli yabantu Tatar avamise ngaphandle ukugwetyelwa, ezinxulumene ne ekuqaleni kwesigaba kwiinkqubo zolimo. Yiloo nto ngaphandle kunye Zhyen - umbhiyozo ukumakisha kugqitywe imisebenzi entsimini kwaye uqale kukucheba hay. Kwamandulo Zhyen waphawula emva kokubuyela iilali ukubola ekhaya abadala wabuyela ekhaya emva kurultays (ezincotsheni indibano eziqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo Tatar). Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha isithethe lo mbhiyozo itshintshile. Abahlali kwezinye iilali bacelwa ukuba ezinye abamelwane babo. Iindwendwe beza nabo ngezipho: ukutya, imihombiso, ngezandla eyenziwe ngomthi kunye nentsimbi, impahla ilaphu, zizotywe kwiimeko ezizodwa neenqwelo waya mbhiyozo. Kuba zonke iindwendwe ezintsha azigubungela kwetafile yeholide. isidlo Total iqala xa ubukho zonke iindwendwe.

Zhyen nayo kungenziwa ngokuba uhlobo yokubhiyozela ukuba umtshakazi nomyeni. Ngokwesithethe Tatar kukho imibhiyozo mncinane kakhulu, apho zombini amakhwenkwe kunye namantombazana bayakwazi ukunxibelelana ngokukhululekileyo kunye nabanye. Zhyen - omnye wabo kweeholide. Maxa kwimibhiyozo mass abantu abatsha ukuzama ukufumana iqabane umphefumlo, kunye nabazali babo, yena, naye wazama ukufumana umdlalo ophucukileyo for kids.

Salamat

Phakathi imikhosi yemveli Tatarstan, nto leyo ibhiyozelwa ekwindla, lo Salamat kakhulu langutana - umkhosi ukuya ekupheleni lokuvuna. Igama le holide ophatha itafile mikhosi engundoqo, cereal Salamatty. Yenziwe ngomgubo wengqolowa kunye nobisi ebilisiweyo. Le isidlo yenziwa inxalenye nemazi yosapho, isiqingatha iinkunzi enye ngeli xesha ukuba batyelele izalamane nabahlobo. Ngoko ke bonke bahlanganisana etafileni esidlweni, apho ukongezelela isidudu abaya kwiikhosi ezo iimveliso ukuba nje ziqokelelwe. Njengoko imphathe emva kwesidlo ukuba uthembele iti.

Ramadan

Culture of Tatarstan, njengoko zibonakala, kubandakanya sobufundisi ngokusondeleyo ne-Islam. Ngoko ke abemi bommandla bakugqala umsebenzi wabo zonqulo ukudla phakathi wesithoba, ngenyanga engcwele kwikhalenda yamaSilamsi, ekuthiwa Ramadan.

Post - enye yeentsika ezininzi Islam. Enyanisweni, kule nyanga namnye ngaphandle ixesha self-kungengokwentlambululo yendawo likholwa zombini imiqathango emzimbeni nangokomoya. Post (okanye Soum) ibandakanya ndizila ukudla, ezilulwelo, utywala, icuba, qhagamshelana olusondeleyo. Le ban ngaloo yokugqibela ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya ngorhatya yonke imihla lwenyanga engcwele. Onke la manyathelo kufuneka ikhuthaze amakholwa ukuba balahle iinjongo kunye neenjongo ezimbi lwesono.

Qwalasela Soum kufanele zonke omdala kunye nempilo Muslim, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yindoda. Uncedo kwi isithuba ingafumaneka ababehamba kuphela, ngokunjalo nabafazi (ngenxa sexesheni kunye zisanyisa). Njengoko Intlawulo zokunyenyiswa kwemiqathango kufuneka thile omnye umntu ukudla. Tatar amasiko Zukile ukuzila. Ramadan kukho umbhiyozo omkhulu ekuthiwa Eid al-Fitr.

Eid al-Fitr

Inyanga elandelayo Shawwal emva Ramadan na. ngosuku lwakhe lokuqala - umbhiyozo Eid al-Fitr, kumbhiyozo ophawula isiphelo yokuzila. Ngaloo mini, ikholwa ekugqibeleni bemlindile enjalo ekudala elindelwe kwathi qhiphu yindinisa ukuzila. Njengabanye iiholide Tatar zonqulo, Eid al-Fitr phantsi umntu wokuqala amanqanaba self-ucoco kwikholwa kwaye ikhuthaza ukuyilwa umanyano lweentsapho. Ngale mini abantu bahlanganisane intsapho enkulu, baze bachithe ukususela kusasa busuku, ngenxa yeenkolelo yamandulo amaSilamsi, beze kule ntlanganiso kwaye imiphefumlo nezalamane ezifileyo.

Lilonke, le holide eliphawulwe umthunzi wonwabe kakhulu, zonke Kuyathenjwa ukuba Eid uya ulonwabo nempumelelo lonke kunyaka olandelayo. Ngosuku ukwaphula nkqi yabo kuyimfuneko ukuba amalungiselelo iziganeko ezahlukeneyo zokuzonwabisa, nakwiidolophu zibanjwa ngokurhweba esebenzayo ngeempahla.

Eid al-Adha

Tatar leeholide ayinakuchazwa ngokwaneleyo ngaphandle ikhankanya umbhiyozo enjalo, njengoko Eid al-Adha. It lubhiyozelwa rhoqo ngonyaka ukususela 10 ukuya kumhla we-13 kwinyanga yamaMuslim Dhul-Hijjah. Oku kusekelwe ekupheleni Hajj - kusiyiwa kwiisayithi yobuSilamsi ezingcwele. le holide kuthetha umbingelelo ngenxa ka Allah. Eid al-Adha - umbhiyozo wonqulo inkulu nje kuphela Tatarstan, kodwa kuwo wonke umhlaba Muslim.

Lo mnyhadala uya emva biography of Qur'an omnye wabaprofeti - Abraham. Ngokutsho legend, xa uSomandla Uzibhekise kuye uvavanyo: lokubonisa uthando lwabo ngaye, Ibrahim sanyanzeleka ukuba abingelele ngonyana wakhe oyintanda ezulwini, Ismail. Ibrahim waba yaqina umiselo lwayo ukuphumeza lo myalelo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba gd, bakholwayo neenjongo umprofeti yaye ayizange unqwenela ukufa, unyana wakhe, Ismail wavumela ukuba ushiye ephila, kodwa endaweni ukuyibingelela isilwanyana.

Ukususela ngoko, amaSilamsi imbeko uAbraham feat kwi Eid al-Adha enze ngogonyamelo idini kwesilwanyana. Intsingiselo yalo mkhosi kukulandela imodeli ngomnye wabaprofeti zonqulo edumileyo ngubani egameni uthando lukaThixo wayelungele umbingelelo ekugqibeleni. Inyama yesilwanyana emva umnikelo idla uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu. Omnye uya kwabo ubunzima, enye - usapho ikholwa, kwaye eyesithathu, wonke Muslim uyakwazi ukugcina.

"Abo ilanga ozelwe"

25 December - usuku olulodwa ngokwemiqathango kwizithethe Tatar. Olu suku lubhiyozelwa Nardugan (in translation evela Tatar - 'abazelwe Sun "), nto leyo, efana Novruz Bayram, kungathathwa nje leeholide omnye Unyaka Omtsha. Oku ikakhulu ngokoyisa ulutsha. Eyona isiqalelo yale holide - imidaniso emveli kunye neengoma. Abantu abaselula, njengesiqhelo, baya emakhayeni abo, apho imvume Abanini ukuba ezi mbambano ekhethekileyo kakhulu. Dance okuyingxenye siquka imijikelo ezininzi: wokubulisa, Bulelani kubanini, fortunetelling umdaniso, ndlela-ntle. Ingxenye ekhethekile yemibhiyozo kufuneka abe timphahla show. Imidaniso kunye iingoma zabantu abatsha baye bazama zonke indlela zelo noomoya abakhohlakeleyo - ziidemon. Kuba zonke iintlobo iinkolelo, isiphumo kumjikelo yezolimo olandelayo wayexhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwabo iidemon efanayo, ngoko ukuba wabakholisa, abayi kuphazamisana lokuvuna. Ukuze wenze oku, wenza imidaniso ezifana yomgama, umxhentso iigusha, izinja danisa. Ezi izithethe zikhona nanamhla kwezinye iilali Tatar.

leeholide zikawonke

Tatarstan ngexesha lethu - esemqoka lingumxholo Russian Federation. Nangona kunjalo, lo mmandla sele kudala imangalelwe lokuzimela kurhulumente kunye geqe. Baphulukene ubukhosi kwayo ngo 1552, i-Kazan Khanate yaba yinxalenye impangele, kamva similise yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Xa imeko kwezi amazwe wabizwa nje - kwiphondo Kazan, malunga naluphi ndawana ukuthiya ngokutsha Tatarstan ngaphandle umbuzo.

Kuphela ngo 1920 i-Tatar Ukuzilawula yiSoviet Socialist Republic ezabelwa njengenxalenye Russian Soviet eManyeneyo Socialist Republic. Agasti 30, 1990 iinzame ukuze bafumane inkululeko: ngolu suku, iBhunga Ephakamileyo Tatarstan igqibe ukubhengeza ulongamo karhulumente weRiphabliki.

Noko ke, emva kokuba kwawa eSoviet Union, lo mmandla ligqibe ekubeni bahlale phakathi Russian Federation njengomnye namaqurhu alo - the Republic of Tatarstan. Noko ke, ukususela ngoAgasti 30 ibhiyozelwa uSuku Tatarstan kukwenziwa kwiriphabliki. Olu suku luyiHolide yoLuntu republic ngokubanzi ummandla ophambili iholide karhulumente. Eminye iminyhadala-level karhulumente Tatar ungqamane All-Russian - yi Victory Day, uSuku lweHlabathi abaBhinqileyo, uSuku lezeMisebenzi, uSuku Wayekhusela iLizwe loobawo.

amasiko unique

Ukushwankathela, siya kuphela sizibuze iindidi inkcubeko Tatar. Enyanisweni, kwathiwa weaved yonke: amava abantu, inkumbulo zembali, kwiimpembelelo zonqulo kunye neziganeko yelo xesha. Kunzima ukufumana enye enjalo abantu zilingo yamatheko. Akuyomfuneko ukuba uphikise mazwi okugqibela - apho enye kwi Russian New Year nguEva nga kubhiyozelwa njengoko izihlandlo ezithathu? Ngoko omnye kuphela sigqibo: Tatar inkcubeko ufanelwe nempumelelo kunye transmission olulandela kwizizukulwana abancinane.