Amasiko abantu. intsomi inkcubeko Russian. inkcubeko Folk and namasiko

Phantse zonke izizwe zelifa yayo. Enye izixhobo eziphambili ukudluliswa inkcubeko ethandwayo (emveli). Kamva kweli nqaku siza kuqwalasela le nto ngokweenkcukacha, makhe usithelekise lweentsingiselo mihla.

ulwazi jikelele

Nakule zonke iintlanga apho, iintsomi, kunye nenkcubeko ethandwayo. Le yokugqibela yi isenzeko mihla. Umzekelo inkcubeko ethandwayo: iqela labantu abatsha ukucula iingoma artist edumileyo, ehamba-hamba ezitalatweni. Enye imbono eyahlukileyo. inkcubeko Folk kukufundisisa imithombo zeeholide zikazwelonke okanye imizekeliso, amabali, kunye nezinye iimveliso. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kuye kucace ukuba kwimeko yokuqala sisebenzisana lenkolo mihla. A abantu - intsomi nenkcubeko - ichaza ubomi kwenkulungwane lokugqibela. Zonke iintlobo ze lwemveli ziye zasekwa kudala yaye ngoku umlando. Inxalenye encinane imisebenzi kwiinkulungwane edlulileyo iye yaba yinxalenye yehlabathi lanamhlanje.

izinga lophuhliso

Kukho iindidi ezimbini imigangatho inkcubeko ethandwayo - ophezulu, lincitshiswe. Owokuqala luquka amabali, iintsomi, imidaniso yamandulo, eyindumasi, njalo njalo. N. okwehlileyo ingqalelo njengokubonisa inkcubeko ethandwayo. Ngokusisiseko, imisebenzi esekhona ukusuka kudaladala, ezi kwabayili okungaziwa. Fairy amabali, epics, imidaniso, iingoma, iintsomi kunye namabali ziphakathi imisebenzi zexabiso wobuciko kakhulu. Asinanto yakwenza ekubonakalisweni elite. Kukholelwa ukuba inkcubeko ethandwayo lufikile ehlabathini mihla yamandulo. isifundo yayo ithathwa uhlanga luphela. Apha, akukho abasunguli ngamnye kunye namagcisa amanqindi kuthakazelelwa ngasinye ngokwahlukeneyo. Loo isiko yinxalenye yobomi kunye nomsebenzi wabantu. Yonke imisebenzi anikezelwe phantsi ngomlomo yaye iinketho ezimbalwa. Idlala amasiko abantu kunokuba umntu (ibali, banentsomi), ubunzima (imigubho), iqela (umdaniso umdaniso okanye ukucula ingoma).

ababukeli

Society bekusoloko baba nomdla inkcubeko ethandwayo, ngoko yamkelwe kwi uluntu mveliso zemveli. Noko ke, apha kwindawo imeko post-mveliso yahlukile nje kancinane. Ukuba Thetha ngomahluko iintsomi kunye nenkcubeko phezulu, afane nalawo kobuhlanga nezesizwe. Yintoni umahluko? inkcubeko yeSizwe kunye ephakamileyo ithotyelwe ezidluliselwa kuphela ngencwadi ebhaliweyo. Ngelo xesha nobuzwe - ezahlukeneyo (ngomlomo, ebhaliweyo, kunye nabanye). inkcubeko Elite wadala abantu abafundileyo, nobuhlanga - abemi imfundo kakubi. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abaphulaphuli mihla baba nomdla amasiko abantu kunye nezithethe.

ingxenye ubuhle

Yintoni na? amasiko abantu art kukuba umntu lowo umninindlu, enkosi ukukwazi kwayo ingqalelo kwizinto ezithile, kwaye iqulunqe konke oku Isiqwenga lebyi lisenokuthetha konke oku ngohlobo ingoma, umdaniso kunye nemibongo. Ngenxa kule kukho uphuhliso lobugcisa ngamnye ingakumbi kunye noluntu ngokubanzi. inkcubeko Art kuthabatheka isambuku yabemi. Yonke imisebenzi eyenziwe yi zombini iingcali kunye amateurs. Zonke zililo, lyrics, imibongo ukuba bafanelwe ingqalelo, azuze kwaye ube wena. Umntu owaziyo ukuba adlulisele njani iingcamango zakhe vesi, iingoma okanye imidaniso, zizityebi ngokomoya, yena nengqondo evulekileyo kwaye wabelana ngokwenene ukuvela bakhe. abantu komnyaka kubulela nabadlali ngonyaka banethuba ukutyebisa ihlabathi yabo ngaphakathi, balizalise lilize komphefumlo.

Folk isiko Russian

Le meko olufundwa Sciences ezininzi. uqeqesho nganye umbono walo zesifundo kunye neendlela zayo yophando. Umthamo we ingcaciso yamvanje kangangokuba izazinzulu abanaxesha siwuqwalasele kunye nokuphuhlisa ibe ziqu zemfundo kunye nolwazi lobuqu. Okwakufudula amasiko abantu suku ngalunye kuya kuba ngakumbi nangakumbi. Ukongeza, into nganye ubanga ukuba ibe yindawo apho ukugcina zonke ingqiqo ehlabathini. Oku kuthetha ukuba ingqeqesho ngalinye ulwazi lwabo njengoko ebanzi kakhulu entsimini imilinganiselo yokomoya: iintsomi, iincwadi, imbali art - ukusuka mifanekiso ukuze musicology yokwakha. Wonke umntu onomdla ngo abantu inkcubeko Russian, wazi ngazo zonke impumelelo zezi iinkcubeko njengoko oluvakalayo, elifundekayo kwaye ufake kwi kuboniswa obala. Inani labo kunye ukungaziwa athi ukuzalwa lweziqalelo womthonyama. Kunye nezimpawu ngokungadinwayo ukuphinda ukuba yobuciko inkcubeko Russian, wabeka umfanekiso yobugcisa yabantu Russian.

ukuqonda

Kukho izimvo ezahlukeneyo malunga elithi "inkcubeko ethandwayo." iingongoma eziphambili kwimboniselo The kulandelayo:

• ekukhanyiseleni abakumgangatho ophantsi zoluntu;
• ukukhanyiselwa uluntu "abangafundanga";
• Isiko kuye kwavela elite, kodwa uye "bazifinyeza" phantsi.

kuzimisela iqhutywa ingqiqo kwengqondo kwimeko nokubukela sicatshulwa nembali ethile yelo.

intsomi inkcubeko yemveli abalimi

Kuye kwasekwa ngokusekelwe ukuqonda zonqulo. Bekungenjalo kakhulu isiseko yokomoya, njengoko isiqulatho engundoqo ubomi bokomoya. inkcubeko yamahlwempu wasebenzisa zazo ezahlukeneyo izixhobo, ivumela wokubona ngokuchanekileyo ukubona ihlabathi, ukunceda ukufumana ukuqonda ngokoluvo kunye supersensible. Ukungqinelana iimbono eziliqela ababhali angabekwa kwicala ingqikelelo umgangatho ofanayo 'inkolo "kunye" nenkcubeko ethandwayo ". Uphuhliso ngokomoya abalimi ngowona mthombo obalulekileyo inkqubela phambili kuluntu ebudeni bamaXesha Aphakathi. Kwangaxeshanye, elikhulayo ngokukhawuleza inani lemizi eYurophu. Sahlala ke abantu abaninzi sizimisele - njengenqaba, izinduna owayefuna ukutshintsha ubomi babo. iindidi ezintsha zemisebenzi: zorhwebo, urhwebo.

zemihla ngemihla

Kunye noqeqesho classical eRashiya kumaxesha amandulo kwakungekuhle kakhulu. Ke Waloyisa kungathenjwa ncam nenzululwazi "yobuhedeni". Ngelo xesha kwakukho iqela endaweni ethandwa kakhulu. Phakathi kwabo kubalulekile ukukhumbula iconography, ukwakha ibandla, ukucula neengoma zonqulo yeziKronike. ababephila umkhumbuzi Russian sikuxelele yonke ingongoma yebali, waba historiosopher, sobulumko kunye zakomkhulu. Loo "imfundiso", "magama" baba ethandwa kakhulu. Nangona ikhowudi yokuqala ebhaliweyo imithetho yasekwa. intsomi inkcubeko Russian ukuba zonke iinkalo yaseYurophu. Kwaye ngoko kwafuneka akukho mahluko kwi lwemveli zamaKristu.

inkolo

Folk inkolo e iRussia amagama amabini ebandleni kunye nezangqa ngenkulungwane ye-19 zobunzululwazi. Kwagqitywa indalo yayo njengoko Yindibanisela ukholo lwamaKristu yaye 'yobuhedeni' iinkolelo. Igama lokuqala yayikukuba ze - "ukholo ezimbini", owesibini - ". Kwimfundiso yasekhaya" Eyokuqala usebenza ukusetyenziswa yenzululwazi kunye ehlabathini namhlanje, kuba baqonda zizazinzulu ngokusesikweni. Ngokoqobo, lo gama kufuneka ziqondwe uxhulumaniso eziphambili ezimbini kunqulo ethandwayo. Uhlolisiso iinkolelo le nokuxubana basempumalanga (kwaye kwakhona Russian) ethnographers umdla omkhulu ejoliswe "amava yobuhedeni", kuvuselelwa imifuziselo akudala kunye nentsingiselo. KumaXesha Aphakathi eRashiya yaye West kwakukho umsantsa phakathi kwe ncwadi yemveli ezingqondweni neenkcubeko ezininzi abantu abambalwa. zizifundiswa Russian ngubani na umnqweno ulwimi yamaGrike, uyafunda phantsi Prince Yaroslav izazi: neetoliki zabo eyayiseKiev. Lukhona unxibelelwano phakathi kuMbindi Mpuma neRashiya, kumaziko zamaKristu, yaye ekugqibeleni, akunamsebenzi nokuba yintoni na isiganeko, akusekho kuphazamiseka.

inani

kwaba ukubunjwa imilinganiselo yokuziphatha njani? inkcubeko ethandwayo - yimveliso zobugcisa ngokomoya, eyenziwe yi ezifundwayo. It yenzelwe ukuba abaphulaphuli abaninzi, kukho inani elikhulu kubabukeli. main inzuzo yayo kukuba ilungiselelwe kuphela ukonwabisa abantu abaninzi, kodwa ukutyebisa iingcinga zabo. Folk isiko, imizekelo leyo ezinikelwe ngentla, oko kakhulu kuluntu lwanamhlanje. Namhlanje, kukho bambalwa abantu awunamdla ilifa lokomoya lookhokho. inkcubeko ethandwayo lingaqonda phantse wonke umntu nawuphi na ubudala yaye naliphi na inqanaba lemfundo. main osemqoka Its - elula (umbhalo, intshukumo, izandi lula baqonda ngabantu). Inkcubeko ilungiselelwe abantu uhlobo ngokweemvakalelo.

ekukhuleni

Nayiphi na isiko ibonwa imiba obuluqilima kunye static. Kakade ke, uphuhliso ngokomoya akukho ngaphandle. Formation isiko - isenzeko kunokuba ezintsonkothileyo. Statics inika indawo yophuhliso. Ngobuchule uqeqesho yenkcubeko typology, morphology kunye nesakhiwo. Le nkqubo yokufunda yolunye. Nenkcubeko Cazulula ngokomoya, ngokwasemzimbeni, imathiriyeli kunye nezobugcisa. Esiza kuxubusha ngayo ngokweenkcukacha inkcubeko ngokomoya. Oku kusekelwe phezu umsebenzi ubuchule, nto leyo ichazwe kwifomu ayinyani kwaye anelise iimfuno ezingephi zoluntu. Isakhiwo siquka inkcubeko ngokomoya: zenkolo (iinkolelo, emahlelweni mihla), yokuziphatha esemthethweni (umthetho, inkqubo yolawulo),, ezopolitiko (ideology), efundisa (iminqweno yokukhulisa abantwana), ngokwasengqondweni (imbali, intanda, inzululwazi) inxalenye. Kufuneka wazi ukuba iinjongo zesifundo ziquka iimyuziyam, zemiboniso, amathala eencwadi, cinema, izikolo, iiholo kwikonsathi, iinkundla.