Stone - into okanye umzimba? iintlobo zamatye

Amatye abantu bakudala sinikwe iipropati zobugqi. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba umntu osisityebi ngokwenene lowo amatye uxabisekileyo zendalo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, akukho ngasekhohlo. Namhlanje, ukuba kukho inani elikhulu amatye ezimangalisayo multi-obugolide esikhanya - indoda esisityebi.

Noko ke, abantu ziye zasetyenziswa yaye, namatye zendalo zendalo. Ezandleni ekwaziyo zonke ummangaliso iliwa kuthatha kwimboniselo onobungangamsha ngokwenene. Kodwa yintoni eyenza ukuba isifundo esuka kwindawo umbono benzululwazi? Stone - into okanye umzimba? Yintoni le nkqubo ibandakanya yaye yintoni iintlobo umelwe, njengoko isetyenziswa ngumntu, nokuba yintoni na igama? Zama ukuqonda.

Stone - into okanye umzimba?

Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, simele sonke isigqibo sokuba yintoni na umzimba into? Utitshala kwibakala yesihlanu kwi kwizifundo abantwana nembali yemvelo uphendule lo mbuzo.

Izidumbu ebizwa zonke izinto ziyaphila kunye nohlobo ezingaphiliyo. Nangona lo mba - oku umbandela eyenza i umzimba. La magama zihlobene. Ukuba ukwakha umxokelelwane ubhalo, kuya kuthatha malunga ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Umzimba - izinto - molekyuli - athom - izakhiwo ezincinane yabhalwa core.

Ngobume bayo, amatye - ayimveliso zeengxondorha, izigaqa eziqwenga kubo. Ngoko ke, ekuphenduleni lo mbuzo: "? Ilitye - into okanye umzimba" - kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo oku. Kwakhona qaphela ukuba nakuhlobo lwemichiza zamawa zahlukile, ubuncwane apho zakha ezithile kwaye hayi enye. Ngoko ke nesiphelo: amatye - le into, kwaye umzimba imibono Sciences ezahlukeneyo.

ngezigaba zeengxondorha

Olu daba jikelele ixesha elide wahlala umbuzo evulekileyo, njengoko abaphengululi ezahlukeneyo wayitolika ngendlela yabo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuhlelwa matye anikwa kuphela kakhulu kamva, ngenkulungwane XX. Kwilizwe ngalinye, iqhelekile. Kuba Russia uthathwa ukuba inkqubo eyamkelekileyo ecetywayo V. Ya. Kievlenko (1973).

1. Izacholo, okanye izacholo. Imizekelo: isardiyo, nesafire, nekarbhunkolo, nedayimani, nekrizolite, alexandrite, lube yihakinto, Gold, IweMpathombi, aquamarine, netopazi, tourmaline, nekrizolite, neametiste, nekarbhunkolo, chrysoprase, almandite, rozolit, spinel, citrine, demantoid, spodunit, Pyrope. Onke amatye nohlulwe mna, II, III kunye IV yalo myalelo.
2. amatye Semiprecious, okanye kumazwe akude. Imizekelo: crystal rock, neagati, yikalikedo, evuthiweyo, hematite, Cajon, rauchtopaz, amazonite, labradorite, feldspar, zwi, rhodonite, lube yihakinto esiqhelekileyo, beloporit, heliotrope, wavuka zwi. Zonke izinto zahlulwe mna ukuze II.
3. Ornamental. Imizekelo: nezemarmore, fluorite, Celine, quartzite, lenyengane, Jasper, agalmatolite, gahnite, nebherilo, dzhesplyait, hardwood, jet, obsidian, nebherilo.

Nenye intsingiselo, nazo zonke iintlobo zamatye ingashwankathelwa amaqela amathathu:

• yemvelo;
• eyenziweyo;
• zokwenziwa.

uhlobo olunjalo ikhemikali, njengoko iisampulu iisoyi kunye zokwenziwa zalungiselelwa ndlela elebhu.

amatye Iiklasi, eziye ezidweliswe ngasentla, ngaphakathi nabo babe ukwahlukana ethile. Ngokomzekelo, bona babe ngemvelo yazo ezikhethekileyo kunye nokubekwa kwegama.

Amatye ukusuka kwindawo imichiza udidi lwembono,

Njengoko sele kuchaziwe, izinto ekuthethwa kwindalo yawo - it rocks. Ngoko ke, ukusuka kwindawo chemical lwembono, ilitye - into. Le yokuqamba idla ogqitywe intlanganisela oxides ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi kunye neetyuwa zayo.

Umzekelo, ukwakhiwa eekhemikhali zonke isardiyo eyaziwa ne-emeraldi phantse simanyene - alumina AL _{2 O-3.} Umbala kwakhona iyahluka ngenxa admixtures ezahlukeneyo kwezinye izinto kunye namandla ukufunxeka ukukhanya.

Kukho amaqela eziliqela iikhompawundi chemical lobume zokuziswa onke amatye anqabileyo zendalo, kubandakanywa ezi:

• izinto lweenkobe (diamond - C);
• halides;
• sulfides;
• oxides;
• phosphate;
• borates;
• sulfates;
• feldspars;
• scapolites;
• sadolity;
• carbonates;
• silicates;
• iziqhushumbisi.

Kwiqela ngalinye, ngeentlobo zazo zamatye, lingamakhulu esiXhoseni. Bona bayakwazi zinokwahluka kuphela kumafa, kodwa umbala, imilo, ubukhulu, izinto elubala, mninzi.

iipropati ngokomzimba

Ukususela ngokombono ngesayensi ye physics, ilitye - kulo mzimba. Yaye ngenxa yoko, oko luphawulwa iipropati, njengoko kwezinye izinto ezifana: ubunzima, indawo yokunyibilika nokubilisa, ukuxinana, umbala, incasa, ivumba, njalo-njalo.

Noko ke, sonke siyazi ukuba uninzi lwale amatye akukho incasa, ivumba, akukho nako ukunyibilika, kodwa kuphela nje. Umbala njengoko zahlukene kangangokuba uqhutywa kwi-sikhokelo ngokubanzi lo mqathango nje akunakwenzeka. Palette kokukhanya amatye anqabileyo kunye semi-anqabileyo epheleleyo: ukusuka emnyama namhlophe ukuba mibala oqaqambileyo oluhlaza, obomvu, oluhlaza, mthubi emsi nemfusa nebomvu.

Ngokubanzi, kukho amaqela ezininzi ezingundoqo iimpawu zomzimba amatye, ezemvelo ngabantu (kuquka anqabileyo).

1. Amandla kunye banxibe ukuxhathisa. okuqinileyo (igranite) nga bodwa kwesi salathisi medium (marble) kunye namandla ephantsi (tuff) iisampulu.
2. Mninzi. Siyafana ukuya index elidlulileyo. Yahlulwe heavy - 2200 kg / m ³ ukukhanya - ezincinane kunokuba nani.
3. lokukwazi Amanzi, nto leyo umiselwa porosity eso sakhiwo.
4. ukumelana asidi. Eyona ziqhu - igranite lekalika. Lula eziwayo nezemarmore, ekubeni esiti engena yokusabela imichiza.

Ngaloo ndlela, sinokugqiba ukuba ilitye - into okanye iqumrhu ubunjani bendalo kaThixo, apho kukho inani neempawu zomzimba kunye imichiza kwaye ibaluleke practical ezinkulu ebomini babantu.

endalo

Kakade ke, zininzi kakhulu ukuba babe nako ukukhusela yonke inkcazelo. Kodwa ke abo zixhaphakileyo asetyenziswa kakhulu ngabantu, zama ingqalelo.

Looks yayiyinzwakazi encamisileyo kunye nenkangeleko entle na ilitye yendalo. Photo Stonehenge kuqinisekisiwe kakuhle. Nkqu nangona ezi sampuli awunayo i umbala eliqaqambileyo ukhanye, ke kubethelela ubungangamsha babo kunye nokubengezela kwakho.

uhlobo

Kukho imizekelo emininzi ezithandwayo amatye zendalo, ezisetyenziswa ngabantu kwishishini kuyilo landscape kunye nolwakhiwo ngenxa uqinile yayo, ubuhle, kunye nobuhlobo lokusingqongileyo.

1. Marble, nto leyo inokuba ube ngumthunzi kunye ipateni ezahlukeneyo (laminate okanye nenala). Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo isetyenziswa litye izakhiwo bokwakha. Ukusuka kwindawo eekhemikhali imbono imele calcium carbonate CaCO _3.
2. Zakhiwe. Ngaba izinto ngenxa kokugqiba imigangatho, iindonga, khazi zezakhiwo, ukudala imisebenzi engakholelekiyo zobugcisa (ezikhumbuzo, ezikhumbuzo, njl njl). Ukusuka kwindawo eekhemikhali umbono ludibaniso feldspar, zwi kunye neeminerali mafic.
3. Sandstone. Isetyenziswa yi abantu ukupheyiva neendledlana, ukwakha ngezinyuko, yokubekwa iziseko. Isetyenziswa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Le khemikhali Ukwakhiwa zwi kunye feldspars.
4. Travertine. Kakhulu exineneyo omelele ilitye, naziiperile yobulukhuni ophezulu. Kwakhona ke enokumelana yeqabaka elungileyo. Used in wokwakha kwi belingana lenyengane naziiperile. It iqulathe yezimbiwa calcium carbonate.
5. Tuff. ilitye Beautiful misindo, kakhulu evakalala. Isetyenziswa ukuba bayile uyilo kwezitiya, lijonge kwezakhiwo. Le imichiza yendalo - calcium carbonate, iikhompawundi lesilicon, mlilo kunye udaka ubunjwe.
6. Jasper - obomvu ezintle esetyenziselwa kugudiswa zokuhombisa nezacholo. Kuyinto umxube iikhompawundi lesilicon kunye oxides zentsimbi.

Kukho loo matye eziqhelekileyo ezifana isileyiti, abangelwe, dolomite, lekalika, kunye nabanye, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lokwakha yaye ngokubanzi asetyenziswe ngabantu. ilitye Natural, iifoto apho ingabonwa kwinqaku, omnye namhlanje owaziwa kakhulu izinto kokokuhombisa wangaphakathi.

amatye Artificial: yokuhlela

izakhiwo ezinjalo lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe ngamaqela ezine eziphambili:

• acrylic;
• ipholiyesta;
• agglomerates zwi;
• uphose ibhastile.

Eyona iphambili ngamnye kubo - kukuba esidalwe ngumntu ngumntu, yaye ngenxa yoko ke akwenzeki ngendlela simahla endalweni. iimpawu zabo ongekho ngaphantsi yaye ngamanye amaxesha ophezulu, takovyk iisampuli zendalo.

Eyona intsimi lokusetyenziswa - mveliso imiphezulu yeetafile, zwe, ukuboniswa iindonga, imigangatho, Ungqameko window kunye nezinye iindawo.

Amatye emanzini - iintlobo kunye neempawu

amatye Sea - into ebalulekileyo yomhombiso ngenxa akwariyam, izindlu zangasese, umhombiso elingaphakathi ngesimbo efanelekileyo. Bebahle kakhulu, abohlukeneyo uhlobo, ubungakanani kunye nombala, soloko kutsala umdla.

Ziziphi iintlobo izakhiwo ezinjalo?

1. Coquina. ilitye Natural, kwasekwa ukutyhubela iinkulungwane kwekalika kunye iqokobhe iingceba abemi zasemanzini ezilwandle kunye neelwandle. It has a njengamasi entle efanelekileyo ukuze zisetyenziswe kwiinkcukacha zokwakha. Luphawu kusetyenziswa kuyilo uhombiso.
2. Nentsimbi. Libhekisela amatye elwandle yendalo kuba yintoni na imveliso yobomi Shelly yesilwanyana saselwandle esineqokobhe. Used in ubucwebe, kuya kuthakazelelwa kakhulu ukuba amandla, ubuhle elide.
3. Angangenwa. Unako kwakhona kubabiza amatye ulwandle, ngenxa yokuba ekugqibeleni ajike abe Isakhiwo esomeleleyo kunene, lisekwa izimbiwa calcareous, zwi kunye nemveliso yomsebenzi ebalulekileyo abemi olwandle - polyp. zahlukahlukene kakhulu umbala, zezona zinto kakhulu emangalisa nihombisa akwariyam. Used in izacholo.

Okt amatye ulwandle - ke okusuka kwizilwanyana, esekwe phantsi kwempembelelo amanzi amtyuba eziphilayo.

amatye anqabileyo

Amatye emangalisa kakhulu, umdla kunye ezintle - nto ngokuqinisekileyo exabisekileyo. Emva kwabo balwa, bayinqule, awabasondezayo njengophawu intlonipho nothando, zazifuzisela amandla nokomelela. Kwaba ngamatye anqabileyo ezinxulumene amabali amaninzi, amandla magic unempembelelo yabo umzimba ayichazi kude kube ngoku.

Iintlobo kunye namagama

Njengoko wabiza amatye yale hlobo? Amagama babe baninzi, njengoko, eneneni, kwaye ngokwabo. Ezibiza kakhulu yaye yaziwa kakuhle:

• Diamonds - iidayimani ngomshini egudisiweyo;
• ngesafire eluhlaza;
• netopazi blue;
• iikarbhunkolo eluhlaza;
• aquamarine wave Ocean;
• nemisonto neametiste nemfusa, kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Stones - iimveliso ezintle ezizodwa ezenza ubomi babantu umdla ngakumbi, zikhuseleke sihle ngakumbi.