Eyona eziqhelekileyo gymnosperms kunye angiosperms na ... Iimpawu of gymnosperms kunye angiosperms

Izityalo - inxalenye entle le biomass komhlaba wethu. Ngaphandle kwazo bekuya kuba nzima ukuba ubukho naziphi izilwanyana okanye nomngundo, okanye abantu. Zahluke kakhulu, ube ezahlukahlukeneyo engaqhelekanga kweentlobo kwaye betha nje okumangalisayo ke nobungangamela. Noko ke, asizizo zonke izityalo kuba jonga efanayo. Ukuba yinkqubo entsonkothileyo yeenguqu yendaleko, wakwazi ukuba ukuziqhelanisa kwaye sisinde kuphela eyona gqolo, zemfuza kakuhle amalungiselelo. Chief phakathi kwabo, ukuba kulawula ngenani, la maqela mabini. It is bo sihlola ngezantsi.

iimpawu ngokubanzi ubukumkani plant

Izityalo ngokuqhelekileyo izinto ekuthethwe zihlangabezanayo neekhrayitheriya ezininzi:

• ukukhula unlimited ubomi;
• lokuphunyezwa kwenkqubo yefotosinthesis (indlela autotrophic of energy);
• indlela fixed yokuphila;
• ukukwazi ukuba luthathe ioksijini.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho malunga 350.000 ngamalungu ezahlukeneyo kulo mbuso. Bona kuchaphazela iintlobo yobomi apha naphaya kwiimeko zentlalo. Bonke bephela bohlulwa babe ngamaqela athile kunye zohlaza.

ngezigaba

Ubukumkani yezityalo yahlulwe subkingdoms ezinkulu ezimbini: ephezulu ngokuhla. Ngamnye kubo kuquka iiyunithi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo taxonomic:

1. izityalo Lower zimelwe ulwelwe, ezo yahlulwe kwiiklasi. Umahluko ophambili - ukungabikho umzimba, umohluko amalungu.
2. izityalo Higher iquka la macandelo alandelayo: yefeni, ubulembu, horsetails, ubulembu club, gymnosperms, angiosperms.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngalinye kula zohlaza isekhona iiyunithi ezincinane phakathi ngokwayo: iiklasi, imiyalelo, iintsapho, kwisizukulwana neentlobo. I ezininzi kakhulu kwaye zithathelwe zonke - angiosperms, okanye izityalo kweentyatyambo. Noko ke, akusoloko. Xa kwi planethi yayisonganyelwa ibihlungu, ngoko - gymnosperms.

Kukho iimpawu gymnosperms kunye angiosperms, ezivumela ukuba ahluke kuzo abanye baqonde ukuba isizathu sokuba ubukho phezu kwabo bonke ngabanye. Makhe siqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha ngakumbi ngezantsi.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo gymnosperms

Eli sebe umdla kakhulu kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu ubomi ehlabathini lonke. Gymnosperms zimelwe kwiiklasi ezininzi ezinkulu:

1. kumila iMbewu.
2. Sagovnikovye.
3. Conifers.
4. Bennetitovye
5. Ginkgo.
6. Gnetalians.

Bebonke kukho iintlobo malunga 800 ezahlukeneyo. Eyona eziqhelekileyo gymnosperms kunye angiosperms ngokucacileyo kuboniswe phawu title: ubukho imbewu, apho umbungu. Nangona kunjalo, lo umqondiso inye kubizwa umahluko, ngokuba imbewu ezahlukeneyo.

Eyona eziqhelekileyo gymnosperms (ngaphandle kokukhetha) ekunokuthiwa uphuhliso imbewu cone flake evulekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, kufana ze, ukuba isizathu sokuba igama yesebe.

Unako kwakhona atyumbe iinkalo ezimbalwa kufuneka abameli gymnosperms:

1. Phakathi kwazo kukho imithi kuphela kunye namatyholo, iifomu herbaceous bengekho ngokupheleleyo.
2. Uninzi amagqabi ziguqulwa zibe neenaliti ezicekethekileyo, Bathiwe wambu Ulobuza zamafu.
3. inkqubo Conductive emelwe iiseli albuminoid kunye neetyhubhu yokugalela, izitya angekhoyo.
4. Ubudoda ngakwazi, ithwalelwe ngumoya.
5. Izityalo dioecious (dioecious).
6. Inkqubo isichumiso kunye nophuhliso imbewu kuthatha iminyaka emibini.
7. Endosperm mbungu iseti haploid zofuzo, ngokuba ekukhulelweni elula.

iyantlukwano Special phakathi gymnosperms Conifers kuso. Zona ezenza isambuku imithi emahlathini emininzi iplanethi yethu. Imizekelo yezi izityalo:

• larch;
• fir;
• nespruce;
• pine;
• yangumsedare yonke;
• Thuja nabanye.

Iimpawu izityalo eneentyatyambo

Into yokuba inkalo eziqhelekileyo gymnosperms kunye angiosperms kuba phambi amadlozi, iye yaba esinye sezizathu zokuba nokugqama wazuza zinabe kakhulu. Ngapha koko, baye ngokuthembekileyo ezikhuselweyo pericarp imbewu kunye Ipete kwisiqhamo, iyenza anihlasele yemozulu.

Ukongeza kule inkalo apho kwaye ezimbalwa iimpawu ezibalulekileyo nebalulekileyo angiosperms:

1. Kukho yakhiwe ngokucacileyo uqhuba inkqubo, ezibandakanya kwimikhumbi.
2. Iifom Life zimelwe zonke iintlobo; iindidi zemithi, amatyholo kunye imifuno kwenza kube lula ukulungisa nayiphi na indawo.
3. kwezichumiso kabini, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukwenza loo endosperm triploid. Le nkqubo lwenzeka ngokukhawuleza.
4. Uvuvuzelo kunokwenzeka umoya nje kuphela, kodwa izinambuzane, izilwanyana, kunye nezinye iindlela self-uvuvuzelo.
5. Chief umbutho okuzala, enika inzuzo enkulu - intyatyambo.

Yeyona qela omncinane malunga kwindaleko, kweentyatyambo yaye yakwazi ukuba kakhulu inkqubela abaninzi. Inani labo sani iintlobo 250 lamawaka. Konke oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokufumaneka nophuhliso neempawu yemfuza ezichazwe apha.

Iimpawu gymnosperms kunye angiosperms ukufana

Kananjalo inkalo eziqhelekileyo gymnosperms kunye angiosperms na isibakala sokuba yokwandisa abawadingi amanzi. Oku buyazohlula luwela, leyo ixhomekeke kakhulu ibingenakunyakama.

Ngapha koko, oku makuqatshelwe ukuba inkalo eqhelekileyo i angiosperms kunye gymnosperms zophuhliso kakuhle amalungu kwezityalo. Isiqu, amagqabi kunye neengcambu zibalulekile kwi ibubomi kumzimba. Njengoko kwakunjalo yokuqala iqela lesibini kwezi mpawu kuvela kakuhle nangokucacileyo.

Enye ukufana - ukuyilwa kwiindawo ihlathi elikhulu, abemi imimandla enkulu kunye ukubalasela ehlabathini ezinye izityalo. inzuzo ezicacileyo kunye zingenakuphikwa kwamasebe omabini - nophinda-phindo lembewu ngenkathalo. Ngapha koko, ukuba kukho imbewu, ngoko mbungu koovimba ebalulekileyo yamandla okokuqala phambi ekuntshuleni. Ibihlungu ezinjalo izinto ezingekhoyo, ngoko amathuba abo basinde ukunciphisa kakhulu.

Eyona eziqhelekileyo gymnosperms kunye angiosperms kukwazi ukwenza iziphumo. Ekuqaleni iikhowuni kunye imbewu, lo wesibini - njengokuba ezahlukileyo amanzi futhi owomileyo. Oku kwenza kube nangokuyisasaza kunokwenzeka imbewu ngokusebenzisa zeentaka.

Umahluko phakathi gymnosperms nezidubula

Ukongeza, kukho izinto ezifanayo nezahlukileyo phakathi kwamasebe ezinkulu ubukumkani izityalo. Ezi iimpawu gymnosperms kunye angiosperms, ukuba ukwahlula enye kwenye yaye achaze noludumileyo ngamanani elinye phezu kwelinye.

Uyakwazi wobeka iingongoma ezingundoqo ezimbalwa:

1. Ixesha ukuchumisa nokukotshwa, ukuyilwa kwento ephilayo entsha.
2. Ukuma imbewu kwisityalo (vula okanye ekhuselekileyo).
3. Ubukho okanye ukungabikho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ubomi.
4. Indlela uvuvuzelo.
5. Ixabiso ekudalweni nasekusungulweni yezilwanyana.
6. Indima eziphilayo kwindalo kunye nexabiso abantu.

Phylogenetic ikakhulu gymnosperms

Ukuba sithethe ngemvelaphi gymnosperms, kuyimfuneko ukuba libhekisela kwixesha Devonian, oko kukuthi, ukuba ukukhangela malunga 370 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Kungelo xesha ke yakwazi ukuba kuchithwe i yefeni, ubulembu, horsetails kunye ubulembu club, nto leyo iye ephambili izigidi ezininzi zeminyaka.

Isizathu soku - ukuzimela emanzini ngexesha kufuywe imbewu Ukwakheka. Namhlanje, uninzi iintlobo ezininzi yamandulo gymnosperms icinyiwe, akha reserve esebenzayo kwamalahle. Noko ke, kwakukho iintlobo ezintsha. Ukongeza, kude kube ngoku eyaziwa iintlobo eziliqela ukudl, ginkgo, iminyaka amawaka eminyaka.

Ngelo xesha, le gymnosperms azikhange zikwazi ukwenza izilwanyana neentaka ezikhoyo ukuqinisekisa ukufunza yesiqhelo. Esi sesinye sezizathu eziye zazivelela yaye bafumana ithuba elivelayo-zidubule zinabe kakhulu.

angiosperm phylogeny

Iqela eselula yezityalo, ukubonakala leyo malunga ukusuka ekupheleni kwethuba സോഫ്റ്റ്വെയര് isoftwe. imisebenzi ephambili ukuba ikhankanywe ngasentla, ukuba abameli isebe ukuba bahlale kuyo yonke imimandla zemozulu nokuba zibuse.

Kubalulekile ukuba kunye ukuvela kunye nokusasaza angiosperms waba feed ngokwaneleyo zombini izilwanyana neentaka. Kwaye namhlanje, abantu abakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle ukutya esinika ezi zityalo. Ngapha koko, ukutya okuziinkozo, imifuno, amaqunube kunye nezinye - kube kweentyatyambo. Ngoko ke, ukuze nabo buxhomekeke kuye ubomi bethu.

Ixabiso kunye nendima eziphilayo zezityalo

Ukuba sithethe malunga nokubaluleka masebe mabini, isici eliqhelekileyo gymnosperms kunye angiosperms - ukukwazi ukwenza yefotosinthesis avelise isixa esikhulu ioksijini yokuphefumla zonke izidalwa eziphilayo. Kwaye Conifers, kunye nezityalo eneentyatyambo bahlale ezindaweni enkulu komhlaba. Umsebenzi wakhe ngokungakhathali bevelisa kuphela ioksijini, kodwa ukufunxa carbon dioxide, kwiinzame zabo zokuhlangula abantu abamba. Bona abavelisi into ephilayo. Ngenxa zonke ezinye izityalo abantu abahlala emhlabeni, ngoko ukuze zazi indima yabo kwindalo kunzima.