Izirhubuluzi - it ... emanzini nasemhlabeni. ezirhubuluzayo yamandulo

Isihloko eli nqaku - izirhubuluzi. Types, imvelaphi, zokuhlala, kwakunye nezinye izinto ngazo ziza kuboniswa kuyo.

Igama elithi "isirhubuluzi" lisuka Latin, elithetha inguqulelo "grovel", "khasa". Oku lulandelayo uhlobo intshukumo abameli kule klasi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ke, ukuba asingabo bonke izirhubuluzi - zizilwanyana, ngubani khasa kuphela. Kukho abathile ukuba jump elungileyo, ubaleke, ukudada kwaye ukubhabha phantse ucwangciso nomatse eziphaphazelayo.

ezirhubuluzayo yamandulo

Ezi zilwanyana babephila ixesha elide phambi kokuba yimbonakalo yomntu phezu emhlabeni. Ukuphila ezirhubuluzayo emhlabeni namhlanje - nto zingcwele kuphela (iintsalela minor) yi zahlukahlukene kakhulu kwaye izityebi eklasini yokugqibela. Sithetha izirhubuluzi, ufikelela impumelelo yayo mkhulu ngexesha Mesozoic (malunga 230-67 yezigidi kwiminyaka BC. E.). Inani elikhulu yeefom zangeniswa ezirhubuluzayo yamandulo. Ezinye iintlobo zazo zifumaneka kumhlaba. Isenokuba Makuqatshelwe phakathi kwezi karhataka Tarbosaurus kunye Azityi ngxilimbela brontosauruses ezinkulu. Abanye, ezifana zasemanzini ichthyosauri. Abanye andizele njengeentaka. Ihlabathi elimangalisayo le ezirhubuluzayo bamandulo abangekenzi baqonda ngokupheleleyo. Mhlawumbi kwixa elizayo, izazinzulu ziya kujongana izinto ezintsha.

Ngowe-1988 eScotland ziye wafumanisa iintsalela ezirhubuluzayo. Iingcali ziqikelela ukuba kwiminyaka million 340 eyadlulayo, ezi ezirhubuluzayo waphila. Kwathi, njengoko kanti, eyona yamandulo namhlanje iintlobo ezaziwayo-kakuhle ezingenamandla ze ezirhubuluzayo enziwe ngeefosili anqongophele. ubude bomzimba wabo 20.3 kuphela cm.

Imvelaphi ezirhubuluzayo yamandulo

Ukususela emanzini yamandulo bavela ezirhubuluzayo yamandulo. Esi siganeko liye laba inyathelo elilandelayo kule khosi lohlengahlengiso ebomini lomqolo mhlaba. Namhlanje, izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini kunye ezirhubuluzayo ndawonye. Izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini ngenye eyaziwa ngokuba emanzini nasemhlabeni - ezirhubuluzayo.

Amaqela ezirhubuluzayo mihla

Kuba ezirhubuluzayo (namhlanje) zibandakanya ezi maqela alandelayo.

1. Iingwenya. Ezi zizilwanyana ezinkulu ngomzimba yascheroobraznoe. Kukho iintlobo-23 kuphela, eziquka iingwenya zokwenene kunye alligators, caimans kunye gavials.

2. Klyuvogolovye. Bona zimelwe uhlobo olunye kuphela tuatara ekuthiwa Sphenodon punctatus. Ezi ezirhubuluzayo (ifoto omnye wabo ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi) imbonakalo kufana licilikishe enkulu (ukuya kuma-75 cm) kunye ngomzimba, imilenze fingered ezintlanu-neentloko enkulu.

3. Scale. Eli qela ke ezirhubuluzayo kakhulu ezininzi. Oku kuquka iintlobo 7600. Ezi ziquka, umzekelo, licilikishe - qela likhulu njengezirhubuluzi namhlanje. Ezi ziquka: amacilikishe, ooxam, pygopodidae, skinks, agama, namalovane. Ntulo - a ezizodwa iqela zezilwanyana, nto leyo kakhulu imanioc. Ukuze isicelo eso snake - izirhubuluzi legless, kwakunye Amphisbaena - umbungu-ezifana sidalwa kunye nomzimba kunye nomsila omfutshane, efaniswe imbonakalo ekupheleni intloko. Amphisbaena aguqulelwe ngokwenza umba indlela yobomi. Kunqabile ukuba kuvela phezu komhlaba. Ezi ezirhubuluzayo bachitha ezininzi ebomini babo ngaphantsi komhlaba okanye iindlwane ziintubi neembovane, apho zidla Amphisbaena. Zikholisa ukuba akukho imilenze. Abameli besive sodidi Bipes, kukho kuphela imilenze yangaphambili. Baya Ungasa phakathi kwamalungu omzimba kunye nomsila yokuqala. Ngenxa yoko, ezibizwa ngokuba amphisbaenia. "Amphisbaena" liguqulelwe kwisiGrike 'owehla kumacala omabini. "

4. Elinye iqela - ufudo. izidumbu ezantsi yabo, amacala kunye oonokrwece phezulu akuyo. Carapace iquka esiswini (plastron) kanye amaphiko (carapace) panels abaqhagamshelwe kwebhulorho iigusha okanye imicu bundle. Amahobe, kukho malunga 300 iintlobo.

Kunye iintaka ezincancisayo nezirhubuluzi zithi zidityaniswe zibe elinye iqela ekuyo ngaphezulu.

Ziphi na izirhubuluzi?

Xesha uninzi Indlela ezisentlabathini ubomi reptlii. Ngabantu abakhetha yembonakalo evulekileyo ukugcakamela ilanga, kuquka phantse akanayo kwezityalo elingenamanzi entlango. Noko ke, Ufudo ezininzi iingwenya bonke bahlala emilanjeni, emachibini okanye imigxobhozo. Ezinye kweenyoka Ufudo nazo rhoqo ukuhlala elwandle.

isikhumba esirhubuluzayo, ngelishwa, ngoku isetyenziselwa ukwenziwa impahla yesikhumba. Kuya kuthakazelelwa kakhulu kunene, yaye ngenxa yoko ubunzima ngabameli ezininzi ezirhubuluzayo. ikamva labo - ezandleni zethu.

zokuhlala ingwenya

Kuzo zonke amazwe ekweleenjiko iingwenya eqhelekileyo. Inkoliso yezi izirhubuluzi - nezilwanyana eziphila imigxobhozo eliphezulu lamanzi, amachibi kunye nemilambo. Ludla ukuchitha phantse imini emanzini. Iingwenya beze shallows wonxweme kusasa, emva kwemini, ukuze bayive elangeni. Kuba amanzi anetyuwa kunyanyezelwa bambalwa kakhulu yohlobo lwazo. okuhamba ndifuze kwena elwandle evulekileyo kude kakhulu - ku-600 km ukusuka elunxwemeni.

tuatara kwendawo namacilikishe

Tuatara ezigcinwe kuphela kwi nemisele elulwalwa, ibekwe kufuphi New Zealand. reserve Special yamiselwa apha ngenxa yabo.

Ntulo zifumaneka phantse kuwo wonke umhlaba, ukongeza kwindawo ebandayo. Iintlobo ezithile eentaba yokuvuka kwam, emdeni bekhephu ongunaphakade, umzekelo, kwi malayas - ukuya kubude 5.5 km ngentla komgangatho wolwandle. bephile yi malovane abaninzi.

Noko ke, abanye babo ukukhwela emithini okanye namatyholo, ezifana xoxo. Abanye ahlale ngokusisigxina imithi kwaye ezinako kokundiza moya. Agama kunye geckos ezihlala emaweni Ungasa ecaleni indawo nkqo. Kwakhona ezinye malovane zihlala emhlabeni. Zikholisa ukuba akukho amehlo, kwaye imizimba yazo evuthelweyo. necilishe Marine uhlala kumgca surf lowo. It has a amandla aphuhliswe kakuhle ukuba idade. Yena Uchitha ixesha elininzi emanzini, lusidla ulele.

Kumiwa ziinyoka kunye Ufudo?

Kuyo yonke indawo ehlabathini iinyoka eqhelekileyo, ngaphandle laseNew Zealand, imimandla ezibandayo kanye ezinye iziqithi yolwandle. Bonke ke ukuqubha kakuhle, kukho bade neentlobo ukuba phantse zonke okanye lonke ixesha abalichitha emanzini. Oku iinyoka yolwandle. imisila yawo nesimbo ezimilise yokuxazulula zixinaniswe. Ngenxa lenguqu ukuya iinyoka emgodini indlela amanye awo amehlo akhe waza enyamalala iingweletshetshe, kwakunye imisila iyanqanyulwa. It microhylidae iinyoka kunye slepuny.

Amanzi kunye nomhlaba amafudo afumaneka ezininzi kwiziqithi, kwakunye onke amazwekazi ngaphandle Antarctica. zahlukahlukene kakhulu yazo. Yinto amahlathi, iintlango, ungeshushu, imilambo, amachweba kunye imigxobhozo, babeziindleko yolwandle kunye neelwandle yonxweme. Yonke elwandle Ufudo ubomi bam olwenziwa ngamanzi. Baya elunxwemeni kuphela ukubeka amaqanda.

Le nyoka inkulu

Le nyoka inkulu mihla - lo anaconda (ingasentla) nerhamba nemileyo. Ekugcineni kufikelela kwiimitha ezili-10. Empumalanga Colombia Umzekelo anaconda kwafunyanwa, elikhethekileyo ubukhulu - 11 m 43 cm Brahmin slepun na. Le nyoka incinane. ubude bomzimba wayo ayikho ngaphezu kwe-12 cm.

Ubukhulu iingwenya

Iingwenya inkulu - ndifuze kunye umNayile. Ubude bafikelela 7 m. Ukuze 1.2 m and 1.5 m basetyhini nabangamadoda ubude iphezulu paleosuchus yomzimba, lo mncinane phakathi kwezinye neengwenya.

Uninzi Ufudo ezinkulu nezincinci

Eyona projekthi inkulu ufudo mihla uthathwa ulwandle leatherback. ubude bayo ngaphezu kweemitha-2. Kwi-UK, ngomhla elunxwemeni, oko kwafunyanwa ofileyo iduna 1988 iintlobo amahobe, owazeka umfazi kwi kobubanzi 2,77 m kunye ubude - 2,91. Must ufudo yeyona incinane kuzo zonke iintlobo. Ubude avareji carapace yayo ilingana no 7.6 cm.

Ubukhulu ntulo

Phakathi malovane zincinane zithatyathwa sphaerodactylus enyulu. mm 16 kuphela ubude imizimba yazo (ngaphandle umsila). Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, norhoqotyeni inkulu ke dragon Komodo (ifoto yakhe eboniswe ngezantsi).

ubude bayo umzimba ukuya kutsho kwiimitha ezintathu nangaphezulu. Uhlala e Papua New Guinea langurs iliso Salvador ifikelela 4,75 m ubude, kodwa malunga ne-70% ye-ubude umsila wayo ukuwa.

ezirhubuluzayo lobushushu emzimbeni

Kanye eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini, izirhubuluzi musa ukuba lobushushu emzimbeni rhoqo. ke umsebenzi wabo ubomi buxhomekeke kakhulu lobushushu kuma kulo. Ngokomzekelo, xa imozulu eyomileyo nefudumeleyo, ukuba olusebenzayo ngokukodwa ngeli xesha yaye ngokufuthi ukubamba iliso. Kwelinye icala, xa imozulu imbi yaye kubanda, baba luyeke ukusebenza uze abafane bephuma kwiindawo zazo zokuzimela. Kwiqondo lobushushu kufutshane zero izirhubuluzi bawele catalepsy. Kungenxa yoko le nto kummandla hlathi bambalwa. Apha ke, kukho malunga 5 kuphela iintlobo.

Izirhubuluzi uyakwazi ukulawula ubushushu bomzimba wabo, ifihla nje emzimbeni okanye nobushushu. Silele, umzekelo, ikuvumela izirhubuluzi ukunqanda ukubanda nobushushu bemini - umsebenzi ebusuku.

ukuphefumla umkhuba

Ezirhubuluzayo (iifoto inxenye yabo thaca kweli nqaku), ngokwahlukileyo ukuya eziphila aphefumle ukukhanya kuphela. Bona lula ukugcina isakhiwo ingxowa, kodwa izirhubuluzi kakhulu isakhiwo lwangaphakathi inzima ngaphezu koko emanzini. Siphindwe isakhiwo lobusi ezi iindonga obusezintongeni ezo njengamaqhakuva miphungeni. Bona zisikhumbuza neyenqatha lobusi. Oku kuphula kumphezulu kwizirhubuluzi zemiphunga. Ngokungafaniyo eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini, izirhubuluzi umoya hayi zifakwa. Noko ke, inkoliso yabo ukuba bungumoya iimpawu-ebizwa ngokuba 'sokufunxa "uhlobo. Bona siphefumla kwaye basezela nomoya yempumlo usebenzisa ucutheko nokwandiswa esifubeni. Act of ukuphefumla kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izihlunu esiswini kunye intercostal.

Noko ke, Ufudo imbambo ngenxa ngakwazi ukuba ubukho iqokobhe, ngoko iintlobo bobakhe, liphuhlise enye indlela umoya kunezinye izirhubuluzi. Bona ezibethelelwe emiphungeni ngokusebenzisa kukuginya kuyo, okanye ukwenza ukumpompa imilenze yangaphambili phezulu intshukumo.

buphindwe

Izirhubuluzi ukwanda phezu komhlaba. Ngelo xesha linye, ngokungafaniyo emanzini, uphuhliso ngqo, okt ngaphandle nqanaba mibungu. Izirhubuluzi ngokuqhelekileyo walala sac amaqanda ezinkulu abazizityebi kunye iqokobhe-kunye fluid (intsholongwane) oonokrwece ezikhusela umonakalo nelahleko imibungu yamanzi, kwaye zinika exchange irhasi kunye nesondlo. Ngexesha hatching, ukufikelela ngomli-, ezirhubuluzayo abaselula. It has kwemifanekiso elincinane abadala.