Amathredrals kunye namatempileni eSt. Petersburg: uluhlu, iimpawu kunye namaqiniso anomdla

Inkunzi eyinantla yaseRashiya yayikwakhelwa nguPetros I njengeziko le-Orthodoxy yaseRussia. Ngokwakhelo olukhulu lwe-tsar, kwafuneka kuphuculwe amaziko aseburhulumenteni aseYurophu ngobukhulu bawo, ububele kunye namandla. Isiganeko ngasinye esibalulekileyo ebomini nombuso kwimbali yaseSt. Petersburg kwaphawulwa ngokusungulwa kwecawa entsha. Uninzi lwamathredrals kunye namatempileni aseSt. Petersburg zifakwe kwiLuhlu leMveli ye-UNESCO. Amawaka abantu aqhubela eSt. Petersburg minyaka yonke. Abanye-ukuba baqhotyoshelwe kwiindawo ezinkulu, abanye-ukuba banandipha ubuhle obuhle.

Ubukhulu kunye nomtsalane weso sixeko kunikwe iitempile zaseSt. Petersburg. Uluhlu lwawo onke amabandla luza kuthatha amaphepha amaninzi. Ukongezelela, kwiindawo ezikuloo sixeko kukho ezininzi izakhiwo zonqulo ezibalulekileyo kunye ezibalulekileyo. Kunzima ukuchaza zonke iintente ze-Orthodox, iintempile zaseSt. Petersburg. Sithetha kuphela ezimbalwa, ezi ziyaziwayo yonke indawo kwaye zitsalise abahambi ngelizwe lonke.

UPetros noPaul Cathedral

Kwinqaba eyakhiwe nguPeter I, ibandla lokuqala lalingcweliswa kwindawo yekamva elizayo likarhulumente kwiveki yesihlanu. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1703. Le yayiyiparele yokuqala "entanyeni", yazalisa ama-cathedrals kunye namatempile eSt. Petersburg. Isiphephelo sePetros noPaul Fort Fort yindawo ephakamileyo yeSt. Petersburg. Ukususela kuPetros, kwakukho apho ababusi baseRussia bangcwatywa khona. Izidumbu zabameli bokugqibela bobukumkani basebukhosini nazo zaziswa apha emva kokufumana indawo yokungcwaba kufuphi neYekaterinburg. Okwangoku, kukho imyuziyam ngaphakathi kwintlanganiso.

ISt. Isaac's Cathedral

Ukwakhiwa kwethempeli kwaphinde kwadalwa nguPetros, owazalwa ngosuku lukaIsake waseDalmatia. Ngo-1707 kwakhiwa icawa lenkuni. Amaxesha amaningana i-cathedral yavuselelwa kwakhona, inguqulo ekhoyo - yesine. Yakhiwa phantsi kweAlexander I. Umakhi wanyulwa ngu-Auguste Montferrand. Ukwakha kuthatha ixesha elide - iminyaka engama-40. Ngokomxholo, umakhi wachazwa ukuba emva kokumiswa kwecawa wayeza kufa. Ngoko akazange akhuphe. Inyaniso enomdla: I-Montferrand yahlala yinyanga emva kokugqitywa kokwakhiwa.

Iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo zemarble kunye ne-granite, kunye neengqungquthela ze-Ural, iikhilogram zegolide ezili-400, i-500 kg ze-lapis lazuli, iitoni ezili-16 ze-malachite kunye neetoni ezili-1000 zeethusi zetyenziselwa ukuhlobisa kunye nokwakhiwa. Izinto zokugqiba zaziswa zivela kwilizwe lonke. Iziqhotyoshelweyo, ukuphakama okuphezulu, izindonga zazihlotshiswe ngomzobo okhethekileyo. Ithempeli yaba yindawo yokwakha ngokwenene, ihlala kubantu abayi-14 000.

Kule mini kwi-kedareli yindawo ehloniphekileyo yama-orthodox - isithonjana se-Tikhvin Mother of God. Okwangoku, i-cathedral ineemyuziyam kunye namaqonga okuqwalasela, anikezela ngombono obalaseleyo wesixeko. Kodwa kwieholide zikawonkewonke, iinkonzo zenziwa, apho amawaka amakholwa abuthana.

Ibandla loMsindisi kwiGazi

Ithempeli elingalibalekiyo elinye lamakhadi omashishini esi sixeko. Ukuhlotshiswe ngemifanekiso eqingqiweyo kunye nekhaya elinqabileyo, lithatha amehlo abo abadlulayo ngobabalo kunye nokukhanya kwembala. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba isakhiwo sifana nenqaba yepeyinti, kunokuba icawa yamaOthodoki. Konke okumangalisa kukuba wayemisiwe kwisayithi yomzamo wokumkani uAlexander II. Ukusuka kwamanxeba afumana umbusi wafa, kwaye igazi elikhankanywe egameni lethempeli ligazi lekosi. Ngoku inkonzo ayibanjwe etempileni. Le yimyuziyam.

KwiKathedral yaseKazan

Uluhlu apho iintempile, iintente zeSt-Petersburg ziziswa ngayo. Inkcazo yeCathedral yeKhazan ifumaneka kuzo zonke izikhokelo zezokhenketho. Wonke umntu ohambahamba uzama ukuza apha. Ithempeli labekwa njengenkundla yomkhosi ngoSeptemba 8, 1801. Icawa encinci, eyayimile kwiNevsky Prospekt kwaye yakhonza njengenkundla, yayilahleka phakathi kweNewvsky Prospekt. UPawulos wachaza ukhuphiswano phakathi kwabakhi bezakhiwo. Zininzi ieprojekthi ezinikezelwe ngamasters ahloniphekileyo nabangamazi okuzakhela uphuhliso kwihlabathi lonke. Ngokutsho kwesicwangciso soMlawuli, i-cathedral entsha yayiza kuba nguSt. Paul's Cathedral eRoma. Akukho projekthi iyanelisekile umbusi onobuqili. Ekuqaleni, ngokungafuni, wamkela iprojekthi yeso sakhiwo esaziwayo uCarl Cameron. Kodwa emva kweenyanga ezintandathu kwiprojekthi entsha yavunywa kwi- Architect engaziwa yaseRussia Voronikhin. I-Voronikhin yayingumntu onguSelf owayengumntu ophakathi kwebala, u-Count Stroganov, kodwa italente yokuzakhela i-master yamvumela ukuba akhulule aze afumane isihloko somfundi we-Academy of Arts.

Ukwakhiwa nokugqitywa kwaqhutyelwa iminyaka eyi-10. Ithempeli yaba yinto ezukileyo kwaye ngelo xesha i-airy, evulekile. Into ehlukileyo yetempile yikholoni yamakholomu angama-96, ehlobisa ukungena kwecawa. Ngamnye wabo ulinganisa iitoni ezingama-30. Ngaphakathi kwetempile kukho amanye amakholomu angama-56. Ukuhlanjululwa kwenzeka ngo-1811.

Inyaniso enomdla: ekwakhiweni kwakusetyenziswe izinto zokugqiba, ezachithwa eRashiya, kwaye abakhi babengabamakhosi basekuhlaleni. I-Voronikhin ngokwakhe wayichitha ixesha elininzi kwisakhiwo esiyintloko ebomini bakhe. Ukuhlobisa kweetempile kwakuthetha izifanekiso, okwakungavamile kwiCawa leOthodoki. Nangona ubukhulu besakhiwo, umakhi wezakhiwo wayengeke akwazi ukuguqulela ingcamango yonke. Ngaloo ndlela, ezimbini izambatho zihlala zingabandakanywa emnyango. Ngokutsho kwiprojekthi kufuneka ibe nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo yabapostile. Ngethuba lokuphila, i-gypsum yayiphoswa. Kodwa umakhi wezakhiwo wafa iminyaka emibili emva kokugqitywa kokwakhiwa, kwaye iziqwatho zawa. Ukususela ngoko, kukho umyalezo phakathi kwabantu ukuba izithandathu ziza kuhlala zihleli xa umlawuli onyanisekileyo nolungileyo ebonakala eRashiya. Ngoxa le ndawo ayinalutho ...

Into eyingcwele ephambili yecawa yinto ye-Kazan Mother of God. Kuye kuye ukuba imigca yamakholwa evela kulo lonke ihlabathi ithathwa. Lo mgca unxulumene naloo icon, owafunyanwa emva komlilo waseKazan. UMatrona Onuchina, uMama kaThixo, wabonakala ephupheni lakhe, ebonisa indawo apho uphawu luhlala khona. Umfanekiso omangalisayo ngaphezu kweyodwa wandinceda amabutho aseRussia ekulweni. Le icon yinkxaso yomhlaba waseRussia. Abadala baye bafuna uncedo kumfanekiso ongcwele. Kutuzov phambi kwemfazwe noNapoleon, naye, wathandaza kwi-cathedral entsha, kwaye iNtombikazi yanikela ukunqoba kumkhosi waseRashiya. Ngokomxholo, ngelixa e-St. Petersburg kukho ikhonkco likaKazan likaMama kaThixo, intshaba ayiyi kungena kuloo mzi. Kwiminyaka emininzi imirhumiselo yeentshaba yafika kufuphi neSt. Petersburg, kodwa ayinakuyithatha.

Kwi-kedareli umlotha waseTuzouzov, owaziswa apha emva kokufa kwakhe, ulala ngo-1813. Kwakhona, iimpendulo ze-kedareli ziyimigangatho eyi-100 kunye nemibhobho yempi yaseFransi eyatshitshiswa yi-Kutuzov, kunye nezitshixo zokuthatha imizi yaseYurophu.

Sampsonievsky Cathedral

Ngoxa besethetha ngamathredrals and temples yaseSt. Petersburg, kubalulekile ukukhumbula iSampsonievsky Cathedral. Leli yinto yokuqala yokuzukisa impi, eyakhiwe eSt. Petersburg ngokuzukisa intsapho ePoltava. Inemibala engezizo zonqulo ezenza ukuba uPetros anqobe.

Kwakhona, i-cathedral idume nge-iconostasis yayo ekhethiweyo kunye neqoqo leempawu ezingabonakali eziye zagcinwa ukususela ngekhulu le-18. Igama lomakhi wecawa, kunye nenkosi eyenza i-iconostasis, ayilondolozwe kwimbali. Ngokomnye umxholo, umbhali we-iconostasis eqingqiweyo unokuba nguRastrelli ngokwakhe. Ikhonkco ngalinye lifakwe kwisakhelo esivela kwipatheni ekhethekileyo, engaphendulwanga kwenye indawo. Sekunjalo kwintendelezo kwakukho umxube, oqulethwe ngamathathu amathathu.

Itempileni isebenza njengemyuziyam, kodwa ihlala inika iinkonzo ngexesha.

UAlexander Nevsky Lavra

Yakhelwe ngumyalelo kaPetros kwisayithi ye-battle of popularity with the Swedes. Kwaye namhlanje itempile liyikhumbuzo kwi-feat ye-Russian army.

I-Transfiguration Cathedral

Le tempile yenye yezakhiwo ezintle kakhulu eSt. Petersburg. Kuyo, ukunqula, iimpawu ezidumileyo ziboniswa: umfanekiso weNtombikazi "Uvuyo lwabo bonke ababuhlungu" kunye ne-icon yePelemoni kunye neengxenye zeempendulo ze-saint.

Icawa yoBungcwele oyiNgcwele uYobhi

Icawa yakhiwa ngokuhlonipha umntu owaziwayo weTestamente eNdala. Kuye yenye yamangcwaba amakhulu edolophini, apho amaninzi amaninzi angcwatywa khona. Ibandla likaYobhi alizange liphele umsebenzi walo. Nangona kwiintsuku ezinzima zokukhusela, amakholwa eza apha ukuze aziqinise ngokomoya.

Monastery yaseIoannovsky

Indawo engcwele yayisungulwe nguJonald wolungileyo waseKronstadt. Iingqungquthela zesanta zingcwatyelwa kwingcwele yetempile.

I-Chapel yaseSt. I-Xenia yaseSt. Petersburg

Ukubhala icawa, iicawa, ama-cathedrals aseSt. Petersburg, asinakukwazi ukukhankanya inqaba encane kwindawo yamangcwaba eSmolensk, eyaziwa kuwo wonke umkhokeli eRashiya kwaye ngaphaya kwemida yayo. Yingqungquthela yaseHeritage Xenia yasePetersburg. Umlambo wabathunywa abaya kuwo awumile. Abantu baya kwintonga eneengxaki ezahlukileyo, kwaye uyabanceda ngemithandazo yakhe.

Amathredrals kunye netempileni yaseSt. Petersburg yintsika yeNtloko yeNtlabathi kunye nesimbolo sokomoya wayo.