Sphere zezinto ezenziwa luluntu. Yintoni na imveliso?

Le mbono "lemveliso" kubomi bemihla ngemihla asinto ingaqhelekanga. Ngokubanzi, abaninzi kakhulu Cinga ngokucacileyo le nkqubo. Kwinqaku sihlolisise lo mbono, cinga amacandelo.

Production ngokwembono

Okokuqala, makhe nisinga lwesigama unokumisela ukuba imveliso leyo. Phantsi kwale nkqubo, oko iqondwa eyimveliso zonke iintlobo impahla okanye ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo (abasebenzi) ngokusebenzisana kunye nezibonelelo ezikhoyo ukunika iinkonzo eziyimfuneko (impahla). Indoda e ukukhululwa imveliso ukutyiwa unefuthe izinto zendalo, wabanika igunya lokuba ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo imilo. Yintoni na imveliso kule meko? Le nkqubo ibonelela ri izinto jikelele ekrwada, uhlobo data kwi iimveliso ukuselwa kuyimfuneko. Ezinyangiweyo, bona, nayo, ingasetyenziselwa kwimveliso engaphezulu. Kwakhona, ezi zibonelelo kuba zilungele ukusetyenziswa xa ifomu yayo yasekuqaleni. Lo msebenzi ivelisa rhoqo kungakhathaliseki yokuma koluntu. Imveliso inokuba inkqubo kakhulu ophathekayo (ukuveliswa kwezinto ezithile) okanye nezo zingabonakaliyo. Ngokomzekelo, yintoni na ukunyanzeliswa? Oku akumkhululi naziphi iimpahla okanye ukunikezelwa kweenkonzo. Kuyinto umyalelo ethile yokwenza izigqibo enkqubo indlela leyo kulawulwa ngumthetho. Njengoko ubona, olunxulumene ngqo iimveliso kolu luvo ayikho ukusetyenziswa.

The main izinto

A ngumqathango omiselweyo ekuqaleni imveliso kuba phambi naziphi na igalelo. Makhe siqwalasele ukuba iinkalo zemveliso? uncwadi Modern inikeza isixa omkhulu ingcaciso yale mbono. theory Economic uchaza factor imveliso njengento ebalulekileyo. Yena anefuthe kwiziphumo lokugqibela ziphunyezwe inkqubo wokwenziwa okanye imveliso ezithile iinkonzo. Imiba kwimveliso zezona amacandelo aphambili esebenzayo kwimveliso. Ukusuka intsebenziswano yabo ixhomekeke kwiziphumo lokugqibela yonke inkqubo mveliso okanye zorhwebo yaye ke ngoko kubangela intsebenziswano ezinzileyo lombutho kunye nokusingqongileyo lwangaphandle. Lilonke inani lezinto kunye nezilungiso ezincinane yahlulwe ngamaqela amabini:

1. Basic. Ezi ziquka, ingakumbi, kufuneka iquke: abasebenzi, ukukwazi noshishino, yezemali eyayisisiqalo-up (ekwakhekeni eliquka umhlaba, human capital).

2. ukunikeza. Ezi ziquka: ulwazi, ezizequmrhu ngumvelisi, kwezobuchwepheshe umbutho lwemveliso, into kokusingqongileyo, uyilo kunye nophando nophuhliso impumelelo.

Xa kwimibhalo abezoqoqosho, kukho omnye yokuhlela. Ngokutsho kwakhe, iinkalo zemveliso yahlulwe kumaqela amane. Zezi: capital, yendalo (ezinye izifundo zophondo zifumanise ingcamango "umhlaba") kunye nezibonelelo zabantu (kule ndlela, njengoko umthetho, ibimele ukuba "umsebenzi"), kunye nokukwazi ukuba ngoosomashishini.

lwabasebenzi

Phantsi kwale nkcazelo ibhekisela naluphi na uhlobo lomsebenzi zabantu. Kungaba ngokomzimba okanye ngokwasengqondweni. Waqondisa umsebenzi yabantu (ngokwesakhelo kolu luvo) ukuphumeza result ethile. Kwinkqubo izakhono zabasebenzi, imfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa, kunye nezinye ulwazi luncedo kunye nezakhono ezifunyenwe ngabantu kokuba zisetyenziswe. Ixesha apho isebenza umntu (uvelisa iimveliso kunye neenkonzo ngenxa yomsebenzi wayo), ekuthiwa iiyure ofisi.

imithombo yendalo

Useful kwemithombo yendalo: amanzi, umoya, amaplanga kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi abantu ezisetyenziswa kwimveliso yeempahla kunye neenkonzo - zonke, izinto zendalo zendalo. Amanqaku abalulekileyo xa besebenzisa izixhobo zendalo kukuba imveliso loo uxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwisixa loovimba ezifunekayo ekuqaleni konyaka kulahlwe mbutho.

capital

Igama elithi "eyinkunzi" ngokwemiqathango imiba yemveliso yinto ehlangeneyo. Ibhekisela kwanazo zonke zonke izixhobo zomsebenzi ezisetyenziswa kubonelelo ngeenkonzo, okanye ukukhululwa kweempahla. Ngelo xesha, kwakunye nemali kulo mjikelo wemveliso. Ukuze akhawunti ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo eyinkunzi Inkampani sele liqalise ingqiqo ekhethekileyo "iindleko zemveliso". Makhe sihlolisise lo mba ngokucacileyo ngaphezulu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ingcamango yezoqoqosho yanamhlanje ayithethi ukunika impendulo ocacile wokuba umbuzo wokuba yintoni na iindleko zokuvelisa. Kule ncwadi oko ukutolikwa ezahlukeneyo. Ngokutsho kwenye ingcali, phantsi iindleko eziyimfuneko ukuze uqonde kuphela iindleko zokuphila okanye yabasebenzi mizimba, wafumana kwinkqubo imveliso kunye nokuphunyezwa kwayo phambili. Kwelinye izikhundla zithetha ngezenzeko ukuba zenzeka ngqo kwindawo yonyango. Okutshiwo yesibini ekuso zemibutho yabasebenzi kunye namalungiselelo okutya yoluntu.

ezoshishino Capacity

Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yemveliso, udityaniso noqhagamshelo ezintathu izinto zayo eziphambili (imali, abantu kunye nezibonelelo zendalo), lishishini. Kuthetha ukuthini eli gama? Entrepreneurship yingqokelela zonke iintlobo iinzame zabasebenzi ukuba ukuveliswa kwempahla kunye neenkonzo eziyimfuneko. Phantsi kwalo msebenzi aqondwe njengokuba izakhono zolawulo, kwakunye entsimini lokuququzelela inkqubo wokwenziwa iimveliso okanye ubonelelo ngeenkonzo. Ngoko ke ingxaki enkulu ukuphatha kwabantu ezoshishino umchiza kakhulu olusebenzayo kwezinye izinto ezintathu phakathi kwabo.

izinto ezongezelelweyo

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukwandisa ukubaluleka waqala ukufumana isizathu ezichaphazela imveliso - lwazi. Ngokusekelwe data ezisemgangathweni ngexesha zifunyanwa izisombululo ekhawulezayo ngempumelelo ngakumbi. Bachaphazela kakhulu umgangatho kwimveliso. Ulwazi ngokusondeleyo edibene omnye icandelo - inkqubela zobugcisa. Ezi zinto ebaluleke kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba imveliso ezisekelwe phezu kweempumelelo zakutsha zehlabathi zenzululwazi kunye icandelo ulwazi sisebenzayo kuqoqosho yanamhlanje.