Space - it .. Concept kunye neentlobo nendawo

Yintoni na indawo? Ngaba unayo nayiphi na imida? Yintoni isayensi anganika iimpendulo ilungelo le mibuzo? Xa oku ukuzama ukuqonda eli nqaku.

nomqondo wefilosofi

Ngaphambi kokuba iimpawu lesithuba kufuneka siqonde, ukuba lo gama into eyenzeka. Ingcamango isithuba ibonakala zemathematika, inzululwazi, ukuma, intanda, inkolo , kunye yesayensi. ezohlukileyo ukuqonda oko ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo aze afumane ukutolika zabo, kuxhomekeka imisebenzi. Le nkcazelo kakhulu elula ezingenamsebenzi sesi silandelayo: isithuba - indawo apho into kufanela; umgama phakathi kwezinto.

Philosophy acinga ukuba njengomnye macandelo angundoqo ezihlobene ukumimitheka ngokuhamba kwexesha. Le ubudlelwane phakathi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo, indawo yabo isihlobo, yokudibanisa kangangexesha elithile. Yeyona ngengqiniseko yokuba olwahlula indlela zempilo mba.

Ngokutsho kwintanda-bulumko isithuba iye iipropati ezithile, ezizezi, ubude, ukungafani, isakhiwo, anisotropy, ekuqhubekekeni. It njalo esinxibelelana kwexesha, wakha ebizwa ngokuba yi-time-isithuba.

Umelo yomlando isithuba

Umelo kwendawo eyayikho ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Emva koko yahlulwa kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo, oyinxalenye kwawo amaphakade, oothixo, abantu kunye nemimoya, ukuba multi-sixhobo sekhombuya kunye owahlukeneyo. Umfutho yokuqala ebalulekileyo ekudalweni nasekusungulweni kwale nto yenza Euclid. Esebenzisa le geometry isithuba, uyachaza nje obungenasiphelo eyohlobo olulodwa. UGIORDANO Bruno, ukufunda imizimba yasezulwini umahluko isithuba ngokwenene isalamane kunye nexesha.

Phakathi Sciences nzima kuvela abaxhasi Euclidean kunye nejiyometri non-Euclidean. Kukho mbono ugobile isithuba, indawo N-ntathu. Ixesha elide ixesha kunye nendawo ziyaqwalaselwa ngokwahlukeneyo, sigqibe ukuba azichatshazelwa mbandela.

Ngenkulungwane XX Einstein imfundiso ka kuvula. Ngokutsho kwakhe, ixesha, indawo kunye umcimbi zihlobene. Einstein uqukumbela kulandelayo: ukuba isithuba ukuba ususe zonke izinto, kuya kubakho indawo ngokwayo.

zezibalo

uqeqesho Mathematical ucinga isithuba ekukhanyeni ekuqiqeni, kodwa yena akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle bulumko. Ingxaki ephambili apha ukuzalana ngokoqobo kwihlabathi loyilo abstract ukuze ezendeleyo kwimathematika. Njengoko kwenye indawo, le inzululwazi uzama ukucacisa isenzeko esebenzisa izibalo ezithile, ngoko indawo yalo - umiselwe kunye nesakhiwo.

Mathematics ikuchaza njengoko imeko apho izinto ezahlukeneyo izinto. Konke kwanciphisa ukuba geometry samabanga aphantsi, apho iimilo (amachaphaza) ema- moya omnye okanye ngaphezulu. Kule nkalo, kuyimfuneko ukuba ngandlela ithile ukuchaza, ukulinganisa isithuba. Ukulungiselela le njongo, esetyenziswa yi zezibalo iimpawu ezifana ubude, ubunzima, isantya, ixesha, umthamo, njalo-njalo. N.

Zesayensi zezibalo isigqibo sokwabela ezi ntlobo isithuba: Euclidean, affine, Hilbert, kumda wesangqa, probabilistic,-mbini,-ntathu kwaye nkqu-mbini anesibhozo. Iyonke kwemathematika ohluka na iintlobo ngaphantsi kwe-22.

physics

Ukuba kwimathematika ezama ukuguqulela kakuhle kwi manani, yamachiza uzama yonke ukuziva, ngaphandle kwebala. Emva koko uza kwisigqibo sokuba isithuba - into ethile, leyo alibonakali eziphathekayo, kodwa unako kuzala into. Kuyinto obungenasiphelo umi. Enkundleni ngenxa ezahlukeneyo iinkqubo ngezimanga, ngoxa loo nto ebachaphazelayo, kwaye ngokwayo ayiphazamiseki.

Physics iqwalasela isithuba kumanqaku ezininzi iimbono. Eyokuqala ikuchaza ngokuthi emzimbeni - entlandlo-ntathu - ixabiso, apho iinkqubo woko ke, ihlabathi esiqhelekileyo bemihla ngemihla. Apho umzimba izinto nokuphumeza nokususwa ezahlukeneyo kunye nentshukumo ngoomatshini.

Ukuqonda lwesibini eli gama edibene imifuziselo zemathematika. Le yindawo abstract. Oku ezisetyenziswa ukuchaza nokusombulula iingxaki ezinxulumene physical kwihlabathi-ntathu. Apha, ngokuchaseneyo imathematika, kukho iintlobo ezintsha kuwo, ezifana njengoko iimeko Velocity isithuba, isithuba umbala.

imibono kumnandi

Iimpikiswano malunga nohlobo kunye neempawu izazinzulu isithuba kukhokelele ukuveliswa ezahlukeneyo iingcamango kumnandi. Ngokusekelwe izibakala zenzululwazi kunye nokucingela rhoqo ukwakha iingcamango ezintsha malunga nokuba nako engakholelekiyo woMntu.

ubonakele Enye ingcamango enjalo kwinkulungwane XVII kwi Iogana Keplera. Noko hyperspace - bume ezine evumela ukuhamba ngezinto ixesha kunye nomgama ngesantya engaphezu isivamvo sokukhanya. Enye ingcamango ibamba ukuba indalo uyakwazi ukwandisa kwaye enze "iipokotho 'ngaphakathi apho yonke imithetho abonakalayo null and void, kwaye isithuba kunye nexesha akufuneki nokuba khona.

Nyaka ngamnye, ezi zimvo ezibonakala crazy bazalwa ngakumbi nangakumbi. Noko ke, ukuba simanyene ngenxa yokuba zisemngciphekweni yenzululwazi kunye ebubuxoki. Kwaye akukho bani waziyo apho icala aya okuninzi kwi ingcamango ndenzile ilandelayo.

yangaphandle

Ukuqonda kwendawo yi zenzululwazi ezahlukeneyo ke ayipheleli Earth. Njengoko physics ivumela Infinity yayo, singathetha malunga nokwandiswa ebonakalayo kwemida, umzekelo, ukuba indalo (inkqubo ephambili, aze athotywe yonke into ekhoyo ehlabathini).

Zihlala naziphi iziza izidumbu phakathi kwezinto iphela - kuba sithuba. Oku kungaphandle imizimba yasezulwini, kwaye apha emhlabeni, umoya wayo. Nangona kunjalo, i "ngangebala" isekhona ngandlel ngokupheleleyo: liphethe hydrogen umcimbi kwamasuntswana oluphakathi kunye radiation electromagnetic.

Ibiya kuthetha ukuba xa kukho izinto ezingaqukwanga kwi isithuba, kuyenzeka ukuba ukuchonga ngokucacileyo imvelaphi yayo. Eneneni, loo nto yenza kube nzima, njengoko koMhlaba ngokuthe ngcembe ihlanjululwa, nemida yayo umehluko kakhulu. Ngokuba ukwahlula emoyeni kunye nendawo uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe yamkela nomphakamo yoxhomekeko kweekhilomitha ezili-100. Nangona izazi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba indalo le yonke nje kuqalile kwi-120 km ukusuka kumphezulu womhlaba.

Air nendawo evulekileyo

Mu kuya kwa nshita isithuba, engaquki koMhlaba, kukho amagama enxulumene ngqo. Umzekelo, isithuba umoya. Cosmos ligama multi-amaninzi. Yena luyathandabuzeka kwaye kubonakala physics, ifilosofi, kunye nenkcubeko. Elibala kuba becala libhekisela umthetho kunye nokwakheka kwaso. Yinto yinxalenye umoya iplanethi yethu, nemida yayo kulawulwa ngumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.

Igama elithi "isithuba esivulekileyo" - enyanisweni, ngokufanayo. It is a kwintsimi asisiso naliphi na ilizwe. Le iqhele phesheya, amanzi angaphakathi ithi wonxweme kwaye impahla ngamazwe, zifikeleleke kubo bonke.

inkolo

I indawo yenye imibuzo ephambili naziphi na iinkolelo zonqulo, nto leyo ayinike intsingiselo eyahlukileyo kancinane. Ngokuqhelekileyo isiphathele isakhiwo ecacileyo nkqo, echazwe yi kuluhlu amacandelo (ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi zehlabathi).

iinkolelo zonqulo zibangela ukuba kubuzwe lo ingcamango yendawo engcwele, t. E. Lowo ngokuqhubekayo sifumana amandla aphezulu. Kulo mzekelo, phantsi kwempembelelo engcwele ngayo iguqulwe kunye eyahlukileyo ngokomgangatho ukusuka kwezinye isithuba.

isiphelo

Space - yingcamango entsonkothileyo yaye ezininzi, undoqo apho Ukwacinga izazinzulu eyimfihlakalo kangangamakhulu eminyaka. Kukho inani elikhulu lamanqaku ezifanayo kunye malunga ngokupheleleyo lwembono, esicacisa le mbono. Bonke ayavuma ukuba isithuba eneshologu, enkundleni, ngeqonga ukuphunyezwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo. Isakhiwo neempawu kokusingqongileyo kusekho isizathu-mpikiswano eshushu zenzululwazi.