Sheet Complex: isakhiwo, inkcazelo, imizekelo

Zonke izityalo luqulathe kwezityalo kunye amalungu okuzala. Last onoxanduva sizale. Xa angiosperms ke intyantyambo. It is a yokusinda iguqulwe kancinane. amalungu kwezityalo kwezityalo - yinto iingcambu namasebe. Inkqubo ingcambu iquka ingcambu ephambili, osecaleni ngaphezulu. Ngamanye amaxesha ingcambu engundoqo kunokuba engavezwanga. Loo nkqubo kuthiwa ezinezikhondo. Ngeziqu eyenziwe iziqu, amagqabi emithi. Ngeziqu kubonelela ngezithuthi kwezinto, kunye nokuxhasa indawo kwisityalo. Izintso banoxanduva ukuyilwa amahlumelo amatsha, kunye neentyatyambo. Uluhlu - sakhiwo lubalulekileyo zesityalo, ekubeni elijongene photosynthesis.

isebenza njani

Amagqabi alula kunye nambaxa luqulathe iintlobo ezininzi izicwili. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha.

Ngokwemigaqo histology

Ngentla ijwabu isigqubuthelo - sangaphandle. Le ubukhulu maleko kwizisele elinye okanye amabini kunye inwebu ashinyeneyo zilahlwe kufutshane kakhulu omnye komnye. Eli phepha Ilaphu likhusela kumonakalo ngoomatshini, kwaye kuthintela komphunga ngokugqithisileyo amanzi emzimbeni. Ukongeza, sangaphandle kuthetha kutshintshiselwano igesi. Ukwenza oku inwebu yokondliwa langoku.

On top of sangaphandle kukho umaleko ezongezelelweyo yokhuselo, nto leyo iquka amafutha, ukutyabeka ezintweni iiseli zeethishu.

Ngaphantsi sangaphandle na columnar, okanye nokwenziwa parenchyma. Le okwakha sheet. Kuthatha beka inkqubo yefotosinthsis. zilungiselelwe iiseli parenchymal nkqo. Bathi ziqulathe inani elikhulu chloroplasts.

Xa befunda Ilaphu yinkqubo sheet conductive kunye parenchyma nomsi-. Ilaphu Conductive - a xylem kunye phloem. Eyokuqala ibandakanya iimpahla - iiseli abafileyo ezinxulumene nkqo omnye nomnye ngaphandle kokuba ushiye tye. Xa amanzi xylem kunye izinto ezinyibilikisiweyo kuyo inikezelwa ube noxwebhu kwiingcambu. Phloem ubunjwe netyhubhu yokugalela - zobude aphilayo. Ngesi Ilaphu conductive izisombululo kuthuthwe, phezu koko, ukususela igqabi ukuya ingcambu.

inyama nomsi- onoxanduva Exchange igesi kunye uwase amanzi.

Ezidweliswe phantsi esicwangciswe sangaphandle usezantsi. Kwakhona, efana phezulu, la engenamsebenzi olukhuselayo. Kwakhona unalo stoma.

isakhiwo amagqabi

Isuka ukusuka petiole esiqwini, nto leyo lamina esisigxina yaye - inxalenye ephambili yale sheet. Ukususela esiqwini ukuya kungqameko yegazi kwegqabi suka. Ngaphezu koko, iikhompawundi kunye Isiqu yalo stipules. Amagqabi nobunzima kakhulu, imizekelo apho kuya kuxoxwa ngezantsi, zicwangciswe ukuze petiole igqabi omnye amacwecwe eziliqela.

Zeziphi amagqabi

Kuxhomekeka ukwakheka kubonwa amagqabi ezilula nezixandileyo. Simple Ziqulethe uluhlu ipleyiti enye. Iphepha Complex - leyo equka amacwecwe ezininzi. Oko zinokohluka kubume.

Types of igqabi

Kukho iindidi eziliqela. Izinto ukuba bazahlule zibe iintlobo ukukhonza njenge inani amacwecwe, imilo kungqameko amacwecwe kwaye zenze sheet. Ifike iintlobo ezintlanu.

Leaf imilo - njengoko kwenzeka

Kukho ezinye iintlobo ze kuyo;

• arrowhead;
• okweqanda;
• abusazinge;
• linear;
• amilise okwentliziyo;
• fan-ezimile (sheet semi-setyhula);
• waphawula;
• yenaliti;
• nesinqumka-ezimile (sheet olunxantathu, elihambisana esiqwini phezulu);
• hastate (spikes ezibukhali);
• spatulate;
• lobed (Iphepha yahlulwe yaba ezininzi iincakuba);
• lanceolate (elide, iphepha ngokubanzi embindini);
• obratnolantsetovidnaya (nakumphezulu iphepha ebubanzi ngaphezu ezantsi);
• obratnoserdtsevidnaya (sheet intliziyo-okwe nto zibambene nayo esikhondweni ekupheleni ezibukhali);
• rhomboid;
• Crescent.

A Iphepha ezinzima linga nenani naliphi na iifom amacwecwe.

Form plates imiphetho

Le yenye into eyenza kube lula ukuchaza igqabi compound.

Kuxhomekeka imilo kungqameko amacwecwe amagqabi kweentlobo ezintlanu:

• unamazinyo;
• crenate;
• serrate;
• notched;
• mbini.

Ezinye iindidi amagqabi ezimbaxa

Kuxhomekeka inani iinkcenkce ilungiselelo zabo, ezi ndidi zilandelayo igqabi:

• palmate;
• pinnate;
• dvuperistye;
• trifoliate;
• perstonadreznye.

Xa palmate compound ushiya zonke amacwecwe diverge ecaleni umgama ukusuka esiqwini, okufana ubuhlwempu yayo imbonakalo.

Amagqabi Pinnate kufuneka iipleyiti leaf amalungiselelo ecaleni esiqwini. Zahlula-hlulwe iintlobo ezimbini: paripinnate kunye pinnate. Ekuqaleni kukho imbasa apical, inani okanye iphinda ababini. In oyinqaba-pinnate ipleyiti apical ekhoyo.

Xa plates leaf dvuperistyh zicwangciswe ecaleni petioles ezizisekondari. Abo, ke, ziqhotyoshelwe kundoqo.

Trifoliate babe iibleyidi ezintathu.

Perstonadreznye njengesitsha namahlamvu feathery.

compound kushiya - venation lwabo

Kukho iindidi ezintathu:

• Okhunye. Ngoba ngokulinganayo ukusuka kwisiseko sheet ukuya imiphetho inqumla kulo nembasa.
• Arc. Ngemithambo musa ukuya kakuhle, kodwa ngohlobo i arc.
• Net. Yahlulahlulwe yaba zenyathi ezintathu: iphiramidi, palmate kunye peristonervnoe. Xa sheet venation iphiramidi ebonisa iye imithambo ezintathu enkulu kusuka kwabanye. Palmate esibonakala efaka ngaphezu ezintathu ezingundoqo ukuba bahlukane kufutshane kwisiseko petiole. Xa sheet peristonervnom na umthambo enye enkulu, leyo kumkiwe kwabanye.

Amaninzi Iphepha esimbaxa a venation asasaze.

Amalungiselelo amagqabi kwi sesiqu

Zombini Amagqabi ezilula kunye ayimbumba zicwangciswe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kukho iindidi ezine kwiindawo:

• Whorled. Amagqabi iqhotyoshelweyo abathathu kubo isiqu elimxinwa - whorl. Iiplastiki umnqamlezo, xa kuthelekiswa ngamnye ukuya whorl elandulelayo zijikeleziswe degrees 90. Izityalo kunye amagqabi ilungiselelo ezinjalo elodea, iliso unomyayi wakhe.
• Elisesifubeni lesinxibo. Zonke amagqabi kwi ukuphakama efanayo yaye zicwangciswe kwisangqa. Ezi neziseko babe zeagave, Chlorophytum.
• Ezilandelelanayo (rhoqo). Amagqabi ziqhotyoshelwe apha, omnye ophawulwe njengomgca woyilo ngamnye. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba afumaneka kwi Birch, pelargonium, apile, wavuka.
• Isichasi. Nale hlobo lungiselelo kwi node nganye imi sheets ezimbini. node nganye uqobo uya kujikeleziswa xa kuthelekiswa nesokuqala yi degrees 90. Kwakhona, amagqabi kulungiselelwa imikrozo emibini ngaphandle kokutshintsha amacandelo. Imizekelo yezityalo kunye amagqabi ilungiselelo ezinjalo zetyeleba, jasmine, Lilac, fuchsia, ufile-umba.

Iindidi zokuqala ezimbini lwamalungiselelo amagqabi okufana izityalo kunye namagqabi ezilula. Kodwa ke iintlobo ezimbini akwazi isicelo amagqabi ezimbaxa.

imizekelo yezityalo eziyinzalelwane

Ngoku makhe sikhangele iintlobo ezahlukeneyo amagqabi ezimbaxa, kunye imizekelo. Wenze imali eyaneleyo. Izityalo kunye amagqabi ezinzima unokuba eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo. Isenokuba kwamatyholo nemithi.

Isityalo eqhelekileyo kakhulu ezimbaxa amagqabi - nothuthu. Le usapho imithi yeminquma, udidi lwe bipartite, iSebe angiosperms. Baye compound ushiya imparipinnate, ukuba amacwecwe ezisixhenxe elinesihlanu. inqila yefom - amagiya. Venation - nylon. amagqabi ash zisetyenziswa amayeza nje umchamo.

Umzekelo ngokumangalisayo ityholo kunye zakhiwo ingabizwa amagqabi anambitheka. Ezi zityalo sinemibala imparipinnate kunye iipleyiti amathathu ukuya ezisixhenxe phezu ngeendiza elide. uhlobo venation - peristonervnoe. Imilo ye ngohlangothi wephepha - crenate. amagqabi iqhosha zisetyenziswa njengonyango abanam. Bathi inezinto ukuba zibe neziphumo anti-ukudumba.

Enye umthi kunye ezimbaxa amagqabi - Rowan. Ihamba paripinnate yakhe. Inani neepleyiti - malunga elishumi elinanye. Venation - peristonervnoe.

Lo mzekelo ulandelayo - a clover. It has a amagqabi trifoliate ezintsonkothileyo. Venation clover umnatha. Imilo ye ngohlangothi wephepha - mbini. Koko trifoliate clover walamba nayo iye bobovnik.

Ephindeneyo ishiya unalo isityalo njengoko Albitius. Kuye dvuperistye amagqabi.

Omnye umzekelo we isityalo amagqabi complex - yomnga. Le ityholo has a venation asasaze. Ifomu intsimi - yonke. Uhlobo Sheet - dvuperistye. plates Inani - kumaqhekeza elinanye.

Enye isityalo kunye ezimbaxa amagqabi - amaqunube. Uhlobo Sheet - trifoliate. Venation - nylon. La magqabi nayo kusetyenziswa amayeza emveli. Ngokuqhelekileyo, yamafutha kunye nezinye izifo nemithambo.

isiphelo

Njengoko isiphelo, esilishumayelayo itheyibhile eshwankathela a amagqabi ezintsonkothileyo.

Apha siye sahlolisisa isakhiwo kwegqabi compound, zayo iintlobo, imizekelo yezityalo ukuba ilifa.