Imfundo e-United States: inqanaba kunye neempawu

Uphuhliso lwemfundo kwi US kwaqala kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane elinesixhenxe. Life of kufika abantu abafika kweli lizwe ngelo xesha lizele ubunzima kunye nemfundo ngasekhaya kokwabo ukutshabalala, kodwa waqala ukuvula - kwaba ngathi kukho isikolo esincinci kunye namaziko emfundo enkulu kangangoko. Umzekelo, a ezaziwayo-kakuhle kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard yasekwa ngo-1636.

imfundo Secondary eMelika ikakhulu zikarhulumente, oko kuxhaswa mali karhulumente, federal nabeengingqi. Kodwa US kwinkqubo yemfundo ephakamileyo yenzelwe ukuze iiyunivesithi ezininzi zisebenza yabucala, ngoko bakholisa ukutsala abafundi abasuka kulo lonke ihlabathi.

isakhiwo

Kuxhomekeka kurhulumente abakubudala ezahlukeneyo ukuze kuqale uqeqesho kunye nexesha laso. Ngokuba imfundo yabantwana eUnited States, njengoko umthetho, iqala iminyaka emihlanu ukuya kwesibhozo, lize liphele ekupheleni kweminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo okanye elinethoba ubudala. kids yokuqala American ukuya kwisikolo samabanga kwaye befunda apho de yesihlanu okanye yesithandathu yeklasi (oko kuxhomekeke yesithili school). Emva koko faka kwisikolo samabanga aphezulu apho ukufunda iphela kwiklasi yesibhozo. Umdala, okanye ngaphezulu, isikolo - ke yethoba ukuya kumabanga elinesibini.

Amantombazana kunye namakhwenkwe abaye bafumana esikolweni eUnited States, singene iikholeji. Emva kokufunda khona iminyaka emibini, bafumane degree, kulingana kwimfundo yemisebenzi yezandla eRashiya. Kwaye ukuyiyeka, kwikholeji okanye iyunivesiti nangoko iminyaka emine kwaye bafumane isidanga sedigri. Ngubani na ke baqhubeke nemfundo yabo nangakumbi yaye emva kweminyaka emibini okanye emithathu ukufumana isidanga yenkosi okanye sobugqirha.

kwisikolo samabanga

Apha baqeqeshwa abantwana abaneminyaka emihlanu ukuya kwiminyaka elishumi elinanye okanye elishumi ubudala. Njengoko eRashiya, zonke izifundo bafundiswa ngutitshala omnye, ngaphandle umculo, ubugcisa kunye nemfundo ngokwasemzimbeni. Phakathi izifundo ezikwikharityhulam yayiquka izibalo (ngamanye amaxesha - algebra aphantsi), ukubhala, ukufunda. beeSayensi zezeNtlalo zendalo kwisikolo samabanga wafunda kancinane kwaye kaninzi kuthatha indlela yembali yasekuhlaleni. Iimpawu zemfundo eUnited States abanjalo ukuba iinkalo ezininzi uqeqesho iqulathe excursions, iiprojekthi zobugcisa kunye nokuzonwabisa. Olu hlobo yokufunda kuye kwenzeka ngenxa ukuhamba nemfundo eqhubela phambili, owayebonakele ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, nto leyo wafundisa ukuba abantwana kufuneka bafumane ulwazi ngezenzo ngemihla nokuhlalutya neziphumo zazo.

kwisikolo samaba-

Apha, abafundi bafundiswa iminyaka elishumi elinanye okanye elishumi elinesine. Utitshala ngamnye ofundisa isifundo sakhe. Le kharityhulam iquka IsiNgesi, imathematika, ezentlalo kunye zendalo, imfundo emzimbeni. Kwakhona, abantwana ngokuzimeleyo ukhethe enye okanye ezimbini zokufunda eklasini ngokwakho, njengoko umthetho, izinto zobugcisa, iilwimi zasemzini kunye technologies.

Kwisikolo aphakamileyo, abafundi baqala ukuba bazohlule babe imilambo: eziqhelekileyo phambili. Ukwenza kakuhle abantwana besikolo ubuthe kwiiklasi 'yekhethelo "apho zonke izinto ngokukhawuleza kwaye nokwanda iimfuno zoqeqesho. Ngoku, ke, wagxeka ngemfundo esikolweni eUnited States: iingcali abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba kokwahlulwa amanqaku aphezulu kunye nabafundi ezicothayo ayiniki incentive ukuba mva ukubamba up.

isikolo semfundo ephakamileyo

Esi isigaba sokugqibela semfundo aphakamileyo, kuquka ukuqeqeshwa kwi yesithoba ukuya kumabanga elinesibini. Kwisikolo aphakamileyo, abafundi banikwa inkululeko ngakumbi kwizifundo ezikhethiweyo ukuba ukufunda. ezi mfuno zisezantsi ezimiselwe ibhodi yesikolo zinikwa nokufumana idiploma.

imfundo ephakamileyo e United States

Eli lizwe malunga 4500 kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo. Ngaphezu amahlanu ekhulwini abafundi bakhethe uqeqesho kwiprogram iminyaka emithandathu (Bachelor + Master). Imfundo eUnited States ngonyaka kwamkela ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sesigidi abafundi angaphandle, ngaphezu kwesiqingatha kubo abameli yamazwe Asia. iindleko zemfundo luyanda minyaka yonke, yaye oku kusebenza kuzo zombini neeyunivesithi karhulumente kunye nawabucala. Ngokuba unyaka wokufundela kuyimfuneko ukusasaza emihlanu ukuya amane amawaka eerandi (ngokuxhomekeke ziko). Noko ke, abafundi ephantsi ingeniso zeeyunivesithi ezininzi uhlawule yokufunda zesisa. Xa wayethetha baseMerika ngokubanzi onke amaziko emfundo ephakamileyo ngokuba iikholeji, kwanokuba enyanisweni akukho ikholeji, kunye neyunivesithi.

iintlobo zamaziko emfundo ephakamileyo

imfundo ephakamileyo eUnited States ibe zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintathu. Amaziko emfundo kwahluka kakhulu emoyeni, yaye inani labafundi. College of the University kukungabikho / ubukho iinkqubo zophando kunye nezifundo isidanga.

Iikholeji kwenzeka jikelele zokufunda zabafundi kunye nomsebenzi lwezenzululwazi ngaphaya umda iinkqubo zemfundo. Njengomgaqo, ezo iikholeji ezifuna isidanga iminyaka emine, ayimfihlo kunye ezincinci (kuthatha ukuya kubafundi amawaka amabini). Nangona State College enkulu kubantu abatsha abanetalente kuye kwasekwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Phantsi komthetho US kwizikolo enjalo zibhalise ngumhlali kwindawo apho afumaneka khona, kodwa eneneni kube pretty nzima. Ngenxa yokuba izikolo ezahlukeneyo imigangatho zoqeqesho ezahlukeneyo, iikholeji musa ngokwenene uthembe amanqaku abafundi nokubonelela iimviwo ngenxa yawo.

Zonke iiyunivesithi eli lizwe, kakhulu, yahlulwe kwi kwiiyunivesithi karhulumente ngemali ngurhulumente kunye namaziko abucala. Ngaloo ndlela iwonga yokuqala ngandlel elingezantsi yokugqibela. Eyona njongo ephambili yale kwiiyunivesithi karhulumente - ukufundisa abafundi kwingingqi zabo, nangenxa yabantu abatsha abavela kwamanye amazwe esekwe kukhuphiswano, kwaye ke kufuneka ahlawule umrhumo ukufundisa ukwanda. Kwezi iiyunivesithi umgangatho wemfundo kudla ubunzima ngenxa amaqela amakhulu kakhulu, uyilandela kunye nokungabikho imfutshane bonke ootitshala nabafundi. Kodwa nangona oku, abaninzi abafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo kunye zicelo amazwe abanqwenela ukufunda kwi United States umhlambi yunivesithi ziphambili karhulumente, kuquka Michigan kunye Virginia, kwakunye University of California eBerkeley.

Amaziko emfundo ephakamileyo abucala basonta kwiiyunivesithi edumileyo American, oko kukuthi, Stanford, Harvard, Princeton, MIT, Yale, California Institute of Technology (Caltech). Uninzi kwiiyunivesithi abucala - medium size, kodwa kukho amancinane kakhulu (umzekelo, Caltech) kunye enkulu kakhulu (umzekelo, iYunivesithi of Southern California).

I US Education

imfundo ephakamileyo eUnited States kucingelwa ukuba yenye yezona intle ehlabathini. Ngokubanzi, inqanaba lokufunda nokubhala of America ifikelela 99 ekhulwini. Ngokutsho manani ukususela ngo-2011, 86 ekhulwini abantu abatsha abaphakathi kweminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu waba kwimfundo yemisebenzi yezandla (school + kwiminyaka emibini kwikholeji), ne-30 pesenti - isiDanga sokuQala (oneminyaka emine wesikolo + kwikholeji okanye iyunivesiti).

Ngokwahlukileyo kwimpumelelo yamaziko emfundo ephakamileyo, amaziko emfundo aphakamileyo eUnited States ufumana iqela kobunzima. Njengoko United States nguNobhala of Education, inkqubo yesikolo kweli lizwe ngoku ngxi kwaye ayikwazi ukukhuphisana namanye amazwe amaninzi. Malunga-25 ekhulwini abafundi American akakwazi ukugqibezela izifundo zabo kwexesha, kuba akukho nto ukumelana iimviwo zokugqibela.

Ekuphetheni

Nangona kukho iqela leengxaki kwi US kwinkqubo yezemfundo iye yasekwa ngokwayo njengomnye intle kwihlabathi. Amashumi amawaka abantu nyaka ngamnye eze eUnited States evela kumazwe ahlukeneyo kunye nenjongo enye kuphela - ukufunda kwiikholeji yaseMelika kunye neeyunivesithi. In the US amaziko emfundo ephakamileyo ngaphezu kulo naliphi na elinye ilizwe. Kodwa neeyunivesithi ezifana Harvard, Stanford, Cambridge, Princeton, kudala belisoloko lihamba kunye kwinqanaba eliphezulu lemfundo ehlabathini lonke. Abantu abaye baphumelela kubo, babe zonke ithuba kwixesha elizayo ukwakha umsebenzi ngempumelelo.