Sergey Esenin - ngobomi kunye nomsebenzi wembongi. Xa umhla wokuzalwa Sergeya Esenina?

Sergei Yesenin. Igama imbongi enkulu Russian - a Connoisseur komphefumlo wesizwe, imvumi ka neyabalimi Russia, eziqhelekileyo wonke umbongo elide kuye ezakudala Russian, kwaye ngomhla wokuzalwa Sergeya Esenina ukuya abayithandayo yomsebenzi wakhe.

Hey wena, sleigh! Yeka sleigh!

Chimes Aspen zibambene.

Utata wam - umlimi,

Kulungile, I - unyana umlimi wakhe.

Sergey Esenin: a biography of imbongi Russian

kummandla Ryazan. kwilali Konstantinovo. Ngowe-1895 owazalwa imbongi, umsebenzi zigazi imangaliseke nkqu nanamhlanje abayithandayo yomsebenzi wakhe. Oktobha 3 - I lokuzalwa Sergeya Esenina. Ukususela ebuntwaneni, lo mfana wakhulela Utatomkhulu izityebi izama yomama, a Connoisseur omkhulu iincwadi zecawa. Ngoko ke, phakathi kwawo umbono yokuqala yemibongo zonqulo umntwana, zacula nokutshutshiswa imfama, kunye namabali kagogo intanda yakhe, sihambe imbongi umsebenzi wakhe oluye isiqalo kweminyaka ka-9.

Sergey waphumelela ibanga 4 Zemsky isikolo zasekuhlaleni, nangona Ndifunde eyi-5: ngenxa yehambo enganelisiyo esishiywe kunyaka wesi-2. Ukuqhubeka Nokufumana ulwazi kwi Klepiki oyiNgcwele isikolo Insert, ukulungiselela ootitshala emaphandleni.

Ikomkhulu izixeko Russian ukuqala ubomi obutsha

Xa wayeneminyaka eli-17 waya eMoscow, wafumana umsebenzi kwivenkile unosilarha, apho utata wakhe waba umabhalane. Emva kokuba ungquzulwano kunye nomzali watshintsha imisebenzi, waya endlwini wokushicilela, uze endlwini yoshicilelo iimpazamo zabaguquleli. Apho wadibana Izryadnova Anna, ngubani owazala kuye, oneminyaka eli-19 ubudala, ngoDisemba 1914, unyana George, ngubani wadutyulwa ngowe-1937 kwi isigwebo lobuxoki kwi ukuzama ubomi Stalin bakhe.

Ebudeni bexesha lokuhlala e-ikomkhulu imbongi wathabatha inxaxheba kwisangqa ngoncwadi umculo kubo. Surikov, wajoyina abasebenzi abaziinjubaqa-nye nonke, nto leyo ebangele ukufumana ingqalelo yamapolisa. Ngowe-1912 waba zincwadi ukuya yaBantu University A. Shanyavsky eMoscow. Kukho Yesenin wavuka iziseko imfundo yobugcisa, ukumamela izifundo kwi uncwadi Western yaseYurophu Russian. Birthday Sergeya Esenina eyaziwa kubalandeli ezininzi umsebenzi wakhe - Oktobha 3, 1895. imisebenzi zakhe ziye zaguqulelwa kwiilwimi ezininzi kwaye zifakiwe kwikharityhulam yesikolo. Ngokutsho kwexesha namhlanje abantu abaninzi banomdla luhlobo luni ulwalamano imbongi umgca phezulu kunye besini enobulungisa, nokuba abafazi wayethanda Sergeya Esenina ukuba yena wenza okufanayo? Yintoni (okanye ngubani) waphefumlela ukuba enze; ukwenza njalo, ukuba emva kwenkulungwane lwemibongo zakhe ezifanelekileyo, umdla, wamthanda.

Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi Sergeya Esenina

Incwadi yokuqala imisebenzi Esenina kwenzeka ngo-1914 kwi-iijenali metropolitan, kodwa isiqalo bt kwaphumelela umbongo ebizwa ngokuba "Birch". Nje ngosuku kwinkulungwane Sergeya Esenina ukuzalwa yaziwa ukuba phantse wonke umfundi, okoko nje imbongi Bamnyathela kwindlela yakhe sameva waduma kunye nokuqondwa. E Petrograd, apho Sergei wafudukela entwasahlobo ka-1915, zithathe ukuba zonke ubomi zoncwadi buzinze kulo mzi, funda imisebenzi yakhe Bloch, ngubani yena weza simazi. Ukuncoma ezisingqongileyo wamkelekile wembongi edumileyo kunye nokuvunywa yemibongo ukuba waphefumlela isithunywa kwiilali Russian kunye namasimi enkulu kumsebenzi ngakumbi.

Eyaziwayo, sipapasha, ukufunda,

Talent Sergeya Esenina waqonda Klyuev NA, Gorodetsky SM, AM Remizov, NS Gumilyov, nolwazi ngayo loo mfana sanyanzeleka ukuba ukuvimba. Phantse yonke, weza imibongo eshicilelwe, kunye Sergey Esenin, ogama biography of namhlanje umdla abalandeli wembongi, yaziwa kabanzi. Le midlalo ezimanyene kwimibongo kunye Kluyev phambi kwabaphulaphuli kwi isimbo intsomi, isimbo yamahlwempu, imbongi oselula zegolide-iinwele wabonakala neebhutsi Morocco kunye zambatho esilukiweyo. Ndizifumanele abahlobo kunye noluntu "novokrestyanskih Iimbongi" yaye wayezithanda nkongomiso lowu. Umxholo eziphambili kwisihobe Yesenin yaba umlimi Russia, uthando ogqugqisileyo yonke imisebenzi yakhe.

Ngowe-1916 awathunyelwa emkhosini, kodwa ngenxa ixhala kunye nobunzima nabahlobo babo wabelwa ukuba nje ngokulungeleleneyo nguloliwe esibhedlele wamajoni uKumkanikazi Alexandra Feodorovna, okwenza ukuba imbongi ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa ukuya zokuzilungisa zoncwadi, dlala iikonsathi, waya ulwamkelo kwi kubathengi.

Rus yamahlwempu imbongi

October Revolution wathabatha indlela yaso ngovuyo nangehlombe wabhala uthotho lwemibongo ezincinane "namagubu yasezulwini", "Inonia", "iHobe aseYordan", yongezwe ivuso lotshintsho elizayo; ubomi kwaye basebenze Sergeya Esenina ezibe ekuqalekeni, indlela kodwa unexplored amatsha - indlela wozuko ingqalelo.

Ngowe-1916 lwapapashwa incwadi bt Esenina "Radunica", kukwamkelwa ngomdla abagxeki layifumana indlela entsha, incasa bendalo ngumbhali kunye spontaneity bubutsha. Ngaphezu koko, ukususela ngo-1914 ukuya 1917, baphume print "Goluben", "Russia", "uMarta-yeRhuluneli Umfazi", "Mikola" ziphawulwe ethile ekhethekileyo, Esenin isimbo kunye humanization izilwanyana, izityalo, izinto zendalo, fomu ndawonye abantu elidityaniswe emva kwindalo, equka avumelanayo kunye nehlabathi ezintle. Umfanekiso Yesenin Russia - nesimilo esibafaneleyo, ibangela akwaziqonda phantse zonqulo imbongi apeyintwe ukuqonda ngokungangqalanga yohlobo isitovu ukuthotywa, inja Zacuto, hayfields nekoshenym, imigxobhozo Marsh, yayirhona tabun kunye abathulise mowers.

Umtshato yesibini Sergeya Esenina

Ngowe-1917 imbongi watshata Reich Zinaida Nikolaevna, ukususela umtshato wakhe apho abantwana bazalwa Sergey Yesenin, unyana uKonstantin kunye nentombi Tatiana. Ngeli xesha, ukuthandwa ikhoyo Yesenin, imbongi uba imfuno, wacelwa ukuba ezahlukeneyo Ufundo umbongo. Ngowe-1918 - iminyaka 1921 kakhulu ojikelezayo ezweni lonke: eCrimea, neCaucasus, Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, Turkestan, Bessarabia. Wayesebenza phezu mbongo ezinkulu "Pugachev", intwasahlobo wayekhwele Orenburg emathafeni.

Ngowe-1918-1920, imbongi waba olusondeleyo kunye Mariengof AB, Shershenevich VG Ivnev R. basusa imagism - trend post-revolution zoncwadi nezobugcisa, leyo yayisekelwe futurism, aspired ukuya ulwakhiwo "vutshila elizayo", brand new, bekhanyela bonke amava yokuluka zangaphambili. Yesenin waba undwendwe rhoqo kwi venkile boncwadi "Pegasus asesitalini" ukuba Moscow Nikitsky Gate. Imbongi, efuna ukwazi "Thethani yokukhulisa Rus" yokulangazelela ngokuyinxenye ekwabelwana zokufikela elisandula kusekwa, injongo lwayo ifomu okuhlamba of "siluthuli". Kwakhona Waqhubeka yamzekela imbongi "Bahambe Russia". imibongo zakhe kwabonakala iintshukumisa ubomi, "wajika ngokupheleleyo" nokulinga kunxila, okutshabalalayo indawo ukudangala intliziyo-ngokwaphula. Imbongi ivela angaxokozeliswa, lo mntu ukungcungcuthekisayo, linxila nangomphefumlo wamagazi, ebhadula ukusuka ngomzimba nekhaya, apho bayirhawula "igquba engaqhelekanga kwaye behleka" (ingqokelela "Moscow eTavene," "bavume lokugezelwa" yaye "Imibongo benza unothanda").

Ngowe-1920, kwawa ngonyaka emithathu-umtshato Z. Empire. abantwana sergey Yesenin ngamnye bahamba ngendlela yabo: uConstantine waba manani ekhatywayo odumileyo, kunye Tatiana - umlawuli we yimyuziyam kayise, nokuba lilungu Union Writers '.

Aysedora Dunkan and Sergei Yesenin

Ngowe-1921 Yesenin wadibana ngumdanisi Aysedoroy Dunkan. Akazange ukuthetha Russian, imbongi, funda kakhulu kwaye abafundileyo kakhulu, wayengazi iilwimi zasemzini, kodwa ukususela kwintlanganiso yokuqala, xa phambi kwalo mfazi nomdaniso Sergeya Esenina lisenza wayebanceda kuyo. Ngambini apho Isadora wayeneminyaka engama-18 ubudala, zange ayeke umahluko yobudala. ayithanda ibizwa ngokuba "ingelosi" waza wambiza "Isidore". Le kokusebenziseka of Isadora, imidaniso zakhe Esenina wawagxotha uphambene. Wambona njengomntwana buthathaka kwaye ungakhuselekanga yeharim Sergei begubha ngemfesane kunye neshumi bade ekugqibeleni bafunda amagama Russian. ERashiya, umsebenzi Isadora iye ongayisebenzelanga kuba abasemagunyeni eSoviet zange banike msebenzi olusetyenziselwe wona ibalwe. Esi sibini babetshatile yaye ifani eqhelekileyo Duncan Esenina. Emva komtshato, Yesenin kunye nomfazi wakhe waya eYurophu, watyelela France, eJamani, eKhanada, Italy, Belgium, eUnited States. Duncan wazama nzima ukwenza unxibelelwano noluntu ukuba umyeni wakhe walungelelanisa iinguqulelo yemibongo bakhe nikuvakalise kubo, ukuba amalungiselelo ngeengokuhlwa isihobe, kodwa amazwe ykuba kuphela xa besitya ukuba ngumdanisi ezaziwayo-kakuhle. Imbongi Poswayo, waziva engafunwanga engento, waba wadandatheka. Yesenin waqalisa ukusela phakathi amaqabane abo ingxabano rhoqo KUBUHLUNGU ngenkathalo kunye noxolelwaniso elandelayo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, umlinganiselo Esenina umfazi wakhe, apho lo awubonileyo enhle, nomfazi eziqhelekileyo Somphali itshintshile. Kwakhona uyanxila, maxa wambi ongezwa Isadora, wakhalaza abahlobo ukuba wanamathela kuye yaye uza esigingqini. Esi sibini ndahlukana ngo-1923, Yesenin wabuyela eMoscow.

Le minyaka yokugqibela bobuchule Esenina

Kwixesha elizayo, umsebenzi imbongi kubalulekile kakhulu babakhalimela amandla eSoviet ( "The Land of iindlavini", 1925). Emva koko iqala intshutshiso wembongi, ityala lakhe ukulwa kunye nokunxila. Le minyaka mibini yokugqibela yobomi ziye kokuhamba rhoqo; Sergey Esenin - Imbongi Russian, bazifihla intshutshiso zomthetho, izihlandlo ezithathu yokuya eCaucasus, ndaya eLeningrad saya rhoqo Konstantinovo, zange ngokwaphula ukuqhagamshelana naye. Ngeli xesha, hamba umsebenzi "Umbongo ka-26", "mibala basePersi", "Anna Snegina", "nakwigcume yegolide". Kwindinyana ndikuyalela isikhundla ulindele kwilizwe umxholo, ngoku ukufumana izithunzi weqonga. Eli xesha amanqaku ombambazelayo ngakumbi yomhlaba ekwindla, mibala eshwankathela kwizigqibo ntle.

Goodbye umhlobo wam, sala ...

Xa ukuwa-1925, imbongi, ukuzama kwakhona ukuqala ubomi bentsapho, kudityaniswe umtshato kunye Sofey Andreevnoy - umzukulwana Lva Tolstogo. Kodwa kule Manyano kwaba yi tsakela. Ubomi Sergeya Esenina ukuba Mhise longele: ngamakhoboka utywala, ukudakumba, abenzi-nkqubo pressure isizathu sokuba umfazi imbongi wayifaka kwisibhedlele engqondweni. Ndandisazi ngayo kuphela isangqa emxinwa yabantu, kodwa kukho kakuhle nabanye zibe negalelo ekusekweni esweni iwotshi le ekliniki. amagosa Ukhuseleko wafuna e PB Gannushkin - UNjingalwazi le kliniki - kokukhupha Esenina. Le yokugqibela wala, kunye Yesenin, ulinde ithuba, oluphazanyiswa unyango, kwaye isihlwele iindwendwe washiya iziko neuropsychiatric, waya eLeningrad.

December 14, akugqiba umsebenzi kwi mbongo "Black Man", apho wachitha iminyaka emi-2. umsebenzi Ipapashwe uye emva kokufa imbongi yakhe. NgoDisemba 27, ukusuka phantsi ebuhlanti Sergeya Esenina wapapasha incwadi yakhe yokugqibela "Sala, umhlobo wam, ndlela-ntle." Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi Sergeya Esenina yafikelela esiphelweni, abangcangcazelisi nentsonkothileyo. It ingabi imbongi Russian, umzimba wakhe wafunyanwa ejinga hotele "Angleterre" ngobusuku ngoDisemba 28, 1925.

Ngomhla wokuzalwa Sergeya Esenina uza imbeko kuye zonke iimbombo weRashiya, kodwa uninzi iziganeko ezinkulu-abasakhasayo eziqhutyelwa idolophu Konstantinovo, apho kuza bevela kulo lonke amawaka world of abayithandayo yomsebenzi imbongi kaThixo.