Reserve wayevuma ukuba ugcine: definition ifomula. ingeniso Imali abantu

Umntu ngamnye uqokelela into. Njengomgaqo, namhlanje yimali. Xa abantu ibizwa ngokuba "ukugcina ukuba mini ngemvula." Sinako ukugcina imali ekhaya phantsi umatrasi, kwaye uzibeke phezu imali ebhankini. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ukuba umvuzo ivumela, ezinye nto akafuni ukuchitha. Ngethiyori, oku kubizwa ngokuba "wayevuma abekelwe ukusindisa." Okokuqala ngqa ukuba isledoval kwimisebenzi yakhe JM. Keynes. Siza kuzama ukufumana phandle indlela ga ngokwemigaqo ntlekele kuya kusinceda sibone.

nengqondo

Makhe digress kancinane ukusuka ithiyori ibonisa isizathu sokuba umntu lutyekele ukusindisa. Ukuze bakwazi ukuqokelela into, kufuneka ibe kwezi meko zimbini zilandelayo: kuqala - zonke iimfuno ezisisiseko wonelisekile, okwesibini - ixabiso yengeniso ikuvumela ukuba elinye isixa esithile.

Concepts ezifana ngesifo kunye ugcino, oko ezikufutshane. Abayi ukumela into enye, kodwa isledovanie loluthando nokwanda kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba ixhomekeke ngokusondeleyo phezu kwezinye.

Emva kwenkulungwane yama-20, ekuqaleni kwethiyori kwezoqoqosho, kwabakho imfuneko ukuhlola ubudlelwane phakathi ngesifo kunye nolondolozo. Umntu wokuqala abafunqulayo unobangela, lowo, Kakade ke, Keynes. theory lakhe ubizwa ngokuba 'ngumthetho psychological fundamental ". Kwaye yiloo nto ayitshoyo.

Okokuqala, ulondolozo yabantu abaxhomekeke kumvuzo. A ipesenti ethile, bathi 5% yengeniso, umntu uyakwazi xha kwixesha elizayo. Ukuba ukunyuka ingeniso, le pesenti ziya kwahluka insignificantly. Kubonakala nto imangalisayo. Kodwa apha ungena ukusebenza kwi bengqondo yabantu. Okukhona, kokukhona siya tirhisa. Yaye ukonga akayiyekela naziphi na iimali ezingaphezulu. Ke ukuba ukukhula etya ngokomlinganiselo kwingeniso, ukukhula imali uya kurhubuluza kakhulu, kancinci kakhulu.

ubungqina

Kuluvo lokuba ukusetyenziswa luyakhula njengoko kobuntu ingeniso, kukho ubungqina ilula kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, enye intsapho imali engange 6,000. 2% yemali Bazibeka, kwaye yonke imali iya kwi iindleko ezahlukeneyo. Into imali kunye nemali? Hlawula imali yezinkonzo, athenge iseti ubuncinane iimveliso, mhlawumbi, yonke into.

iingeniso usapho ziqala ukuba kuvuka. Sele igalelo bungama-10 000 engange. Ngoku unako ukuthenga inyama ngakumbi, yiya bhanya kanye kwaye ukuthenga ilokhwe entsha. Kodwa mali mazifakwe kwi imali ayeza kuba efanayo. Kuba kwindawo yokuqala umntu ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo, baze emva koko kuphela ucinge malunga nexabiso imali.

Imiba echaphazela utshintsho ngesifo kunye nolondolozo

Ukwandisa okanye ukuncipha ukusetyenziswa kunye nolondolozo kuxhomekeke asijolisanga kuphela ekuhlumiseni kwemivuzo. Kule imeko yezoqoqosho, kukho ezinye izalathisi ezininzi ngaloo ndlela omnye okanye elinye kuzakutshintsha ukukwazi yomboleki. Ukusuka kwezi zinto, zixhomekeke olungaka abekelwe ukusindisa.

1. Ukunyuka kwamandla emali. Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ngokuqhelekileyo iphezulu kakhulu indexation yemivuzo. Njengomgaqo, amaxabiso kunyuka qho ngenyanga, ngelixa iingeniso usapho ukuvuka okungenani kanye ngonyaka. Ngoko ke, umthengi ku tirhisa isixa esikhulu yentengo, ngelixa imali yeendleko zezi akusasele.
2. nokunyuka kwerhafu. Ukutsalwa kwemali ukwanda kukhokelela ekuncipheni umlinganiselo kuzo zonke iindleko, notyekelo yande equleni.
3. Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso. Lo mba uya kuchaphazela kakhulu abo amakhaya abo kuba nemali ephantsi. Abo bafumana imivuzo ephezulu, uya kubekelwa bucala ngokwesicelo kangangoko.
4. Ukukhula iintlawulo-inshorensi yoluntu. Lo ngumba umdla kakhulu. Amaninzi, le olungaka ukusindisa kwenzeka xa umntu uziva yinxalenye engakhuselekanga karhulumente. Le imali iyafuneka xa ukugula, ukufa ngesiquphe, njalo njalo. N. Ukuba konke oku kuya kunika fund-inshorensi, imfuno kunokongiwa ngamnye shwaka. Ngoko ke, ukwandisa ulwabiwo ngokwanda iimfuno zentlalo wayevuma ukuba asindise ucutho.
5. izicelo ukukhula kwi emarikeni. Oku nje into yokuthengisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, akukho imincili kwi amayeza ngamaxesha isahlakalo ngesiquphe izifo ezosulelayo, pandemics njalo njalo. N. Ngenxa yokonga umbane ukwanda ziyancipha.
6. Revenue ukukhula. Njengoko sele sibonile, kunye imilinganiselo yokusebenzisa izibonelelo nokusindisa kuyaphela ukwandisa.

theory

Xa imeko yezoqoqosho ukuqonda imali eyenziwe phantsi isixa esithile semali singamiswa ukusuka ingeniso elizayo kwaye zidliwe ngalo mzuzu. Wayevuma ukuba asindise kunokuba avareji, kanye.

I-avareji wayevuma ukugcina sibonisa ukuba ingakanani na ipesenti isixa esipheleleyo abantu abazimisele xha ikamva, kwaye iboniswa njenge ifomula:

APS = S / Y, apho S - yenxaxheba asindisa, kunye Y - izibalo kwengeniso iyonke.

Reserve wayevuma ukuba ugcine (formula) ibonisa utshintsho ulondolozo kwimimandla kunye mali yengeniso. Ngamanye amazwi, oko ndikuxelele indlela ukutshintsha umnqweno abantu okanye hayi ukugcina imali yabo efunyenwe, ukuba imali iyonke lotshintsho yengeniso:

MPS = ii / δY.

Ngenxa yokwanda kulondolozo kuncitshiswa iindleko. Ixabiso loqoqosho kweli index kwinqanaba ilizwe umnqweno ukugcina imali, kwaye ke ngoko kufuneka ithuba lokuba utyalo imveliso ngokwenene. Kwaye le yi wotyalo, ke, kuchaphazela ntle jikelele lizwe.

Hlela wayevuma ukuba asindise

Ixabiso le olungaka abekelwe ukugcina, njengoko sele sibonile, buxhomekeke kakhulu umbane. Le grafu ibonisa ukuxhomekeka kwisalathisi okunene ukusuka kwenye. Cinga ukuzoba.

Le Ukunxibelelanisa ithathwa ukuba imali yengeniso, nangomhla iasi enqamlezileyo - ubukhulu imali. Ukuba, ngethiyori, bonke bachitha imali elingana ingeniso, ubudlelwane bekuya kuba umgca efanelekileyo kwi-engile 45 °. Le ntambo umgca AB. Kodwa ke oku akuthethi kwenzeka ngokoqobo.

Ngqo ekuhleleni olungaka ukugcina, zibonakaliswe kulo mzobo yi umgca oluhlaza, yaye usoloko baphambuke ezantsi. Beka ekudibaneni malunga - oku kwinqanaba imali zero. Oku kuthetha ukuba onke amakhaya abafumana ingeniso inkcitho yezidingo zabo. Ngaphantsi kuvela eli tyala kwikona ephakamileyo - yokonga. Njengoko ubona, kungona ingeniso, kokukhona olungaka abekelwe ukusindisa.

imali Ukuxhomekeka ubudala

Iikhosi ebomini bethu senza imali ngokulinganayo. Komnye xesha ebomini babo akwanelanga, kwezinye kukho intsalela. Oku kwakhona ukumelwa ngokwegrafu.

Vumela axis nkqo ingeniso, kwaye tyaba - ubudala. Kwigophe ibonisa ukuba imali yakho iyakhula ubudala, lo gama kukho phantse akukho ebutsheni bakhe. Kwaye oku kuyinyaniso.

De umntu efunda yaye kwinqanaba yophendlo ngomsebenzi wakhe, ingeniso yayo bancinci. Uninzi kokuba echithwe kuqeqesho okanye kwiimfuno zakho. Njengoko ukhula kwaye uqale nentsapho, waphinda uqalisa ukwandisa imali, kodwa umthetho, ukuba sele naphaya ingeniso ezinzileyo kuba kuyimfuneko ukuba ukulibala ubuncinane kungekhona isixa esikhulu ezithengwa ezinkulu (imoto, ikhaya, imfundo yabantwana). iholo lakhe eliphezulu umntu ifumana omdala, waza ke uqala ukucinga malunga umhlala-nokunqanda ezinye imali yabo. Oko ngeli thuba, i-olungaka abekelwe ukusindisa iphezulu, uze kwakhona kwi buyaphela.

Yintoni enye iphembelela izinga imali

Kukho izinto ezithile ukuba akukho anxulumene ingeniso, nayo eziqulathe nempembelelo enkulu phezu omuntu ukuba wonge imali elizayo.

Eyona nto yokuqala - lokulinda. Ukuba kukho imeko emaxongo, yaye umntu elinde kwilizwe uya kuvuka kungekudala kwaye amaxabiso ziya kwandisa iintlawulo zeenkonzo, kuya kuba lula ukuba Stock phezulu ngoku, ngamaxabiso aphantsi. Ukoyika ezishelifini ezingenanto kunye ezinkulu abantu iindleko amandla ku tirhisa yonke imali apha kwaye ngoku. Kodwa imeko umva, xa ikamva kulindeleke ukuba zehlise amaxabiso, okanye ubuncinane kwinqanaba labo ayitshintshanga, abantu baya ukugcina ngaphezu uchitha.

Izinto yesibini - ityala yabathengi. Siphila kwihlabathi ngetyala. Kwaye ke kukho umkhwa yokuba yonke imali yabantu nje ijike ibe yintlawulo imveliso okanye inkonzo ngamaxesha elizayo. Inqanaba avareji umvuzo akwanelanga ukwenza nantoni udumdelise ukuthenga enkulu. Kusenokuba kweminyaka eli-10 ukuya ukuqwebela imoto, kodwa unako ukuthatha ngayo ngetyala, uze iminyaka eli-10 ukuhlawula yona. Ngoko ke, umnqweno wethu kunye nesakhono ukuze yande into iba sisixhobo esinamandla uqoqosho - ngetyala.

Wayevuma ukuba ukugcina Uqoqosho

Ingcamango imali kubalulekile kakhulu hayi kuphela nomntu ngamnye, kodwa kwilizwe liphela. wayevuma ezihlelelekileyo ukugcina ibonisa ukuba abantu ngaphakathi urhulumente ukuqinisekisa uphuhliso kunye nemveliso ukukhula. Ibiya kuthetha ukuba nize niyivume nje?

Enyanisweni, lo liphakamile ixabiso, imali ngakumbi ezamahala kukho ezandleni zabantu kunye amaqumrhu asemthethweni, nto leyo ethetha ukuba la iimali. Investments - utyalo-mali kwisigaba imveliso, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo sixhobo sinamandla ukuphembelela kuphuhliso lizwe. Le mali ngaphezulu ityalwe sunguleni, ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, njalo njalo. E., Amaqondo aphezulu lokukhula koqoqosho.

isiphelo

Wayevuma ukuba asindise - le yenye yeempawu ezibalulekileyo zoqoqosho, leyo ifundwe nje kuphela kwinqanaba nendlu ngamnye, kodwa kwilizwe liphela. Ukuba uphakamile lo kukoriwe, ngcono ubomi babantu.