Republic of Russia: kuluhlu alfabhethi

Kwezi zifundo 85 oko wabumba yingxenye Russia. Republic zenza nesahlulo sesine le mali. Bona akhawunti malunga amashumi amathathu ekhulwini kwintsimi lilonke lizwe. Kukho ahlala sixth bonke abahlali karhulumente (ngaphandle eCrimea). Sihlalutya ngakumbi ibinzana elithi "republic". Kwakhona Eli nqaku liza kunikwa ulwazi ezimbalini ngokuthi kwenziwe la maziko uluhlu lwamaqumrhu ezikhoyo namhlanje.

Igama elithi "Russian Republic"

Imimandla kunye nemimandla babonwa ukuba abe licandelo lolawulo-lwengingqi lizwe. Republic idla ngokuba amaqumrhu karhulumente. Sinokuthi ukuba amele umbutho encinane yesizwe, ekhoyo kwi kummandla karhulumente omnye. Zonke republic Russian ukuseka umgaqo-siseko wayo. Ukongeza, izifundo kwedatha semthethweni efanayo lonke ukuzimela ulwimi karhulumente. Kumaxesha eSoviet Union wasebenzisa ingqiqo seeRiphablikhi ezimeleyo Socialist (olufinyeziweyo - ASSR), ezibizwa kwakhona kwimimandla elizimeleyo. Baba Iziseko ezibalulekileyo kazwelonke, lo gama amaziko ezithili kunye kungqameko mmandla ekuthiwa units.

imfundo yokuqala

Republic of Russia waqalisa ukwenza ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, phantse yaphela revolution. Lokudalwa, eshiya iindawo zephondo kunye nezinye iiyunithi. Noko ke, maqumrhwana zaqala ukuba kuvela evela kwimimandla sele ekhoyo kokuba esikhundleni free. iye ingqalelo imimandla ezahlukeneyo, kodwa maxa wambi baba imimandla inxalenye kunye namaziko engingqi. Xa usamkela umGaqo-siseko, kwiRiphabliki omtsha waqalisa ukubonakala ngaphantsi yaye ngaphantsi ngo-1936. Bambalwa wabonakala ngaphambili ngokupheleleyo ngokwahlukana eRashiya, lihlala, nangona kunjalo, xa i-USSR.

Iziseko eziyinxalenye nezinye izifundo

Akukho kuphela republic Russia. Baye kwasekwa yinxalenye isebe lemfundo liye sele abanikela iiyunithi liqulathwe-ngokwalo. Ngokomzekelo, ukususela eSoviet kwiRiphabliki yaseGeorgia wema izifundo ezizimeleyo - Adzharistan kunye Abkhazia. A kwasekwa Nakhichevan of the Azerbaijan Republic. Phakathi kwiminyaka emihlanu i-Uzbek SSR kuquka ukuyilwa izimele Tajikistan. Kamva, ekugqibeleni yafumana inkululeko epheleleyo waza waba Tajik SSR, kunye ne kwiriphabliki kanye ukubukelwa. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva Uzbekistan yaba ilifa Karakalpak ASSR. Kummandla Ukraine ngaphambili adjoined Republic of Moldova, lowo wamshiya emva kweminyaka engamashumi amabini anesithandathu le manyano, eshiya yinxalenye yale mimandla. Kwiriphabliki kwakhiwa yokugqibela yaba yaseTuva. Emva ingenisiwe inani ngamaziko azimeleyo ayizange iguquke eminye iminyaka engamashumi amathathu.

uphuhliso olunye

Ukususela ngo-1990, waphinda waqala ukuthatha imilo republic Russian (uluhlu luya kunikwa ngezantsi). Ngoku, ke, imfundo ngenxa nokufunyanwa amaqumrhu zangaphambili lokuzimela kwaye kwimimandla ulongamo epheleleyo. Ngehlobo lowe-1990 kwaye liye lafikelela nokwanela republic nganye, kwakunye neendawo ezininzi khange ngaphambili babekwazi. kubekho inguqu ka Adygeya, Khakassia, Gorno-Altaisk yaye, ngaphandle kwabo, iindawo Karachay-Cherkessia. Ke ahlukana kweChechnya Ingushetia ukuba kanye ahlanganiswa Republic. Xa izifundo iinkqubo ekufunyanweni ukuzimela yena wawongwa isihloko nokumkani. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba lonke ixesha akazange ayikhankanye isihloko lokufumana ziiriphabliki Inkululeko epheleleyo kunye nokwahlukana evela imimandla Russian. Emva kokufumana inkululeko, izibonelelo ezitsha ekhulisa ngokwahlukileyo. Ngokomzekelo, nje wambumba Republic of Adjara kunye Nakhichevan, eminyaka ezininzi ubume autonomies, ladityaniswa namanye amaziko. Ngenxa yoko, baba yinxalenye kuzo ilitye le-Georgian kunye Azerbaijani. Abkhazia i republic eSoviet, wayecebe ukuba ahlale yinxalenye manyano ithi kakumkani, ngoxa eGeorgia akazange ukuxhasa le ngcamango. Kwavela ingxaki efanayo Transnistria, ngaphambili kucingelwa ukuba ube yinxalenye yale ukuzimela Moldavian, waza wagqiba ekubeni abe kwintsimi elizimeleyo. A isisombululo akaba nakufunyanwa ke, ngoko waqalisa uthotho lwemisebenzi zomkhosi. Abazange kunceda eGeorgia kunye Moldova aphinde ulawulo, kodwa isandla ekukhawuleziseni ukuyilwa kwezizwana ezimbini ezintsha - Abkhazia kunye Transnistria.

uluhlu

Eyaziwa ezingamashumi amabini anesibini imfundo elizimeleyo. Njengoko umthetho, yonke imithombo republic Russian kuthunyelwa zilandelelana ngokwe-alfabhethi. Ngoko, kwi kuluhlu ngu:

• Republic of Adygea;
• zeAltai;
• Bashkortostan;
• Buryatia;
• Dagestan;
• Ingushetia;
• Kabardino-Balkar Republic;
• Kalmykia;
• Karachay-Cherkess Republic;
• Karelia;
• Komi;
• Republic of eCrimea;
• Mari El;
• Mordovia;
• Saha (Iakutiia) ;
• North Ossetia - Alania;
• Tatarstan;
• Tyva Republic;
• Udmurt Republic;
• Khakassia;
• I Chechen Republic;
• Chuvashia.

Chuvash Republic

Le ndaba kwi iVolga entilini. Phezu kodonga lasekunene iVolga inkangala kubekwe, nangasekhohlo - indawo ethe tyaba. Kule nxalenye iVolga lifumana nemingenela Sura, Anish kunye Tsivil. Kule nkulungwane BC-2, ngomhla kwindawo omiweyo yi Balanovskaya isidumbu nobuzwe le ndawo ikhoyo. Emva amakhulu ambalwa kwafakwa izizwe Gorodets. ikoloni Active yaqala kwiinkulungwane 7-9 AD. Kummandla we-Lower iVolga ngelixa izizwe bafudukela suwar kunye Bulgarians. Emva koko, ezi zizwe wabumba Chuvash. Xa kweminyaka 10-13, iVolga Bulgaria kwasekwa. Kodwa ngenkulungwane ye-14 urhulumente siwile kwamazinyo. Oku kubangelwe ngesinyanzeliso the Mongols. Ngenxa yoko, eminyaka ilizwe wadlulela Bulgarians, i Mongol-AmaTatar, ngoko inxenye Kazan Khanate (ngo-1546 kummandla ikamva Chuvashia waba phantsi kwedyokhwe wayo). Ngenxa yoko, abantu wacela uncedo kwixesha olawulayo Ivana Groznogo. Kwinkulungwane yeshumi ukuba yafakwa Russia ngokwayo. Chuvash Republic ngomhla nommandla wayo iinqaba ezimbalwa. Phakathi kwazo, ezifana umzekelo Yadrin, Tsivilsk.