Prague - ikomkhulu Czech Republic. Imbali, Prague ezinika umdla zotyelelo

Yamandulo yaye kungakholeleki, unique yaye uyathandeka, Golden Prague - ikomkhulu Czech Republic. Kangangamawaka eminyaka iye yanda yaye yaphuhliswa ekudibaneni kweendlela zorhwebo. inkangeleko yayo ungabona imbali lonke zakhiwo European: iinqaba Gothic kunye neengqameko, iicawa ezimbejembeje nezakhiwo Renaissance, isakhiwo yokuhlobisa nobuGcisa Nouveau. iziko Prague kaThixo yimbali kunye izikwere zayo kwemicimbi kunye nezitalato emxinwa, agranyagranya, isigqibo-UNESCO ukubandakanya inani of World Cultural Heritage.

A amagama ambalwa malunga lizwe

Xa intliziyo Europe, phakathi kweenduli, khotsho ihlathi Bohemian kunye Sudeten uluhlu intaba, yiyo le Czech Republic. Eli lizwe akukho eKFC elwandle kwaye erhangqwe Austria, eJamani, Poland naseSlovakia. Kwi-Czech Republic, mhlawumbi ngaphezulu kunayo nayiphi na enye, umntu azive umoya kumaXesha Aphakathi, alondolozwe ngenyameko yentlaninge ezidolophini nasezixekweni, eli bhotwe kunye nezakhiwo enqabeni yawo. Beautiful landscapes na isakhelo entle ezikhumbuzo bokwakha.

Contemporary Czech Republic

Ngenxa yoko, le ebizwa ngokuba yi-velvet komtshato (ukuwa ngoJanuwari 1993 eCzechoslovakia - eCzech kunye Slovak Federal Republic) kwi imeko yezopolitiko ihlabathi, kukho amazwe amabini nokumkani - i-Slovak Republic, dolophu iphambili eyaba Bratislava, kunye Czech Republic, nto leyo eye wahlala ikomkhulu Prague.
Kwimbali yakutshanje yaseYurophu, oko mhlawumbi kuphela kwimeko apho kwisahlulo lizwe akuphelekwanga imisebenzi zokunyanzelisa umthetho zomkhosi okanye ezinye. Contemporary Czech Republic - uyiRhiphablikhi yepalamente okhokelwa umongameli, yonyuliwe okuthandwayo. Namhlanje, i-Czech Republic phantsi kobunkokheli ekhethiweyo ngoMatshi 2013 uMongameli Milos Zeman yinxalenye ye-European Union kunye NATO.

The main dolophu

Prague - elikomkhulu, yembali, kwezenkcubeko nakwezoqoqosho "intliziyo," le Czech Republic mihla, ibekwe ekumntla kweli lizwe, phakathi kwe-Czech lweMeditera. It Wakha isixeko ezindulini ecaleni umlambo Vltava kwaye yahlulwe kabini: empuma nasentshona. Isendaweni phezu kodonga lasekunene Visegrad, nangasekhohlo i Prague Castle. Ngenxa wokuthunyelwa rhoqo kwesihlalo ngabalawuli Czech ukusuka zokuhlala enye ukuya kwenye bobabini bavuka ngamandla kwaye phantse zadityaniswa omnye.

Kodwa ngokusemthethweni Big yasePrague kwasekwa kuphela kwikota yokuqala kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, emva imida isixeko elinesibini eziliqela phantse zadityaniswa zokuhlala enye ibifakiwe. Kwaye phambi kokuba idolophu encinane, akukho 20 km ^{2 kuphela.} Modern Prague kwi mephu kuthatha indawo phantse 500 ^km2.

Prague legends

Xa iziko imbali Prague kwizindlu ngezindlu, igadi kunye wophawu ibhulorho yayo na onokumxelela ezininzi ngayo iintsomi namabali. Chithi yi amabali kunye isiseko sale mzi. Emva kokuba izizwe Czech phantsi kwesikhokelo ukhokho weza Cech waza waqalisa ukuhlola ilizwe ephakathi imilambo iElbe kunye Vltava, umphathi waba Prince Krok, uye waphakamisa neentombi ezintathu, lo mncinane kubo, Libuse, emva kokufa kukayise weza ngamandla. Yaba yena, ngokutsho legend, osondele phezu kweendonga enamatye i Vltava Vyšehrad inqaba, apho kamva waba ahla kuyo. Princess Libuse kwaba smart kuphela kwaye mhle, kodwa waba isipho kusengaphambili. Ngenye imini, simi ibhanki onamatye le Vltava, wakwazi 'abone' ukuba sixeko zibekwe ngexesha elifutshane, ogama udumo Yada yesa esibhakabhakeni inyaniso yakho. Wada ikwazile ukuba babize indawo apho le nqaba iya kwakhiwa: emnyango wendlu, ekufuneka ibe tinkering umntu. Ngoko nangoko abakhonzi wenkosi uya bagaleleka ukukhangela yaye ngokukhawuleza wafumana inkosi Kunexesha Prague in Czech lithetha "threshold", indawo Umlimi elula ebizwa Přemysl. Libuse wamsa ukuba indoda, kwaye loo ndawo apho wayesenza umbundu yasekwa inqaba Castle, ukusuka apho owakhula Prague - isixeko ababekhonza njengoko yokuhlala kwizizukulwana ezininzi abathetheli Premyslid.

Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali

Oosonzululwazi bakholelwa Libuse umlimi Premysl ngakumbi akukho ngaphezu kokuba umlinganiswa ngentsomi. Enyanisweni, ePrague yasekwa akukho kwiminyaka ngaphambili kwe 880 emva Bořivoj, inkosana yokuqala Přemyslid ubukhosi, bafudukela yokuhlala evela Hradec nad Vltavou. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo malunga Libuse efumaneka umsebenzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle ezingenamandla ze Cosmas Prague "Czech Chronicle," yaye malunga nabo 623 - 630 iminyaka. Ngelo xesha, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesixhenxe, ngokutsho iingcali, i Czechs ukuba akubanga sisizwe esizimeleyo kwaye ukuyilwa kwalo mzi kwenzeke.

Ntoni igama laloo mzi?

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ithiyori kakhulu zithandwa kukuba Prague - isixeko ogama gama livela kwigama Czech Prah - «umbundu». Ezinye izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba Praha sisuka Old Slavic igama ezilulwalwa enemisinga Vltava amazibuko. Kukho kwinguqulo igama laloo mzi esinxulunyaniswa nalo ilizwi pražení - kaJohn, zazharki, ekubeni lo mmandla kulinywa eninzi ingqolowa, kunye nemveliso yengqolowa iye yaphuhliswa.

Zonke ezi iinguqulelo zisekelwe kuphela kucazululo kwezakhiwo lweelwimi. izazinzulu Modern bakholelwa hypothesis kakhulu lililo malunga enemisinga elulwalwa, apho abaninzi kwi Vltava.

Njani ukuba kwaqala

Yokuqala yeplanga Prague Inqaba yasekwa kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane IX prince Borzhevym. Ekuqaleni le X ngenkulungwane kwelinye icala Vltava wavuka Visegrad. Ekuhambeni kwexesha ngeenxa zombini iinqaba yaqala ukubonakala yomthengisi nokuyenza zokuhlala. Ngoko ke, phezu kodonga lasekhohlo kwasekwa indawo Old Town kunye ekunene, phantsi Prague Castle, kwavela Njengomncinane. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIII, ngexesha sewusesandleni sonyana wakhe Premysl Otakar II, iNkosana Krakow noKumkani Wenceslas II Bohemia, Prague - elikomkhulu, esi sixeko sikhulu kakhulu iphuhliswe ngokwezoqoqosho, ngubani wakwazi ukuba angalandeli abanye.
Le abenzi bemilingo yesixeko phantse lonke kwinkulungwane XIII kwaye kungqamane ebukumkanini Yana Lyuksemburgskogo kunye nonyana wakhe uCharles IV. Le yokugqibela unako ukuze kuphuculwe umgangatho Prague oya wamaRoma, ikomkhulu, yaye kubungakanani, kwaba kuphela eConstantinople kunye Paris. Charles IV ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe bazama ukwenza yonke into ukungqina ukuba Prague - ikomkhulu nje kwezoqoqosho, kodwa yenkcubeko. Kuye ke ngoko wakha Charles Bridge kunye neyunivesithi lokuqala, laqala ulwakhiwo Cathedral iSt Vitus. Emva koko arhiepiskopalnaya isebe sadalwa, yaye kwakukho ummandla Novo Mesto.

izigaba zophuhliso

Ngenxa yokuba i-Hussite Wars yasePrague afumana ithuba senkangala kunye ukubola. Noko ke, ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane XV kukho uzinzo kancinane kwidolophu iqala ukwakhiwa ezintsha kunye nokwakhiwa ngokutsha kwezakhiwo kutshatyalaliswa. Yaba ngeli xesha phantsi kolwalathiso wezakhiwo Benedikta Rayta uza ngokutsha Hradcany of the Old Royal Palace.

I "age yegolide" yesibini for ePrague weza ebudeni bolawulo i Habsburg ubukhosi, eyaqala ngo-1526. abalawuli Austrian batyale imali eninzi lokuSetyenziswa kwaMandla oLuntu kunye nezibonelelo kuphuhliso Prague. Ngowe-1612, emva kokufa loMlawuli URudolf II, isixeko ulahlekelwa kwimo yaso kwinkundla yakomkhulu kwi amandla ngokupheleleyo safudukela eVienna.

Ixesha elandelayo yaba zebhola Prague ngenkulungwane XVIII, ehambelana imvuselelo kazwelonke. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane, ebudeni bolawulo kaYosefu II, kukho ngumbutho kummandla yolawulo lwezo ezidolophini engundoqo emine: Hradcany, Old Town, eKapa Njengomncinane kunye New Town.

Ekupheleni XIX - ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX, xa kwakukho luphuhliso olukhawulezayo kushishino kunye noqoqosho, kwakunye uninzi zeengqukuva yaseYurophu, Prague ayenziwa kwaye ukhula kakhulu. Ukwanda eli thuba waphazanyiswa leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Behlupheka - Ngowe-1918, i-geqe kwasekwa. Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II, ukususela ngowe-1939 ukuya 1945, ePrague - ikomkhulu kaRhulumente - kwakunye nelizwe liphela, ndaye yamaNazi. Emva kwemfazwe yaye ngowe-1989, xa kwakukho "velvet revolution" eCzechoslovakia yaba yinxalenye kweminquba yali.

izithili Prague

Modern Prague ubunjwe ungamalungu amaninzi, ezinye leyo kangangeenkulungwane ingqalelo njengoko imizi. Zezi:

• Visegrad;
• Nyaka Mesto;
• kangako;
• Hradcany;
• New Town.

Ngemihla yakudala, ukuba nje kuphela iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zolawulo kunye ngaphantsi, imali, kodwa andiqondi omnye komnye, maxa wambi bada baya kufikelela ukuya emfazweni. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX ngayo ethathe imilo Old Prague, kwi ziko wembali leyo ibandakanya iinkalo ezifana Endala New Town, Hradčany, Vyšehrad, Mala strana kunye Josefov - Quarter yamaYuda.

Ukuba ibekwe ezinomtsalane eziphambili zembali, zokwakha kunye nezenkcubeko eyinkunzi Czech. Kwiminyaka elandelayo, esi sixeko sakhula, yaye kwakukho iindawo ezintsha, kodwa ukuba abahambi zezinto kancinci umdla.

Namhlanje kunzima nje kuphela abakhenkethi kodwa abantu bomthonyama baqonde indlela wahlukanisa kwizithili Prague. Kwimephu, ngokutsho ingcamango mihla yocwangciso lwedolophu, iindawo zale mihla ezichongwe indawo yabo lenye umasipala othile. Ngoko ke, sonke isixeko yahlulwe kwizithili-22, kuqukwa izithili zayo kobulungu 57.

Kunye isenzo ezintsha kunye kwidolophu endala hlula inkqubo cadastral. Ngoko ke, Prague yahlulahlulwe kwiindawo ezili-10 eziphambili kwiindawo 112. Loo umahluko kuthiwa zolawulo sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo zobomi ezidolophini.