Physics Practical: photoemission

Enoba kude kangakanani umntu avareji kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla kanye onqamlezwa kwikharityhulam yesikolo, loo nto kungekho-akukho yaye uya kwenza ngayo ndikhumbule. Oku kwenzeka ntoni xa kufikwa kwizinto ezenzeka ngayo photoemission.

definition

Photoeffect physics kuzakuthathwa inkqubo ulungelelwaniso electron kwi athom, molekyuli, izinto, nto leyo kuvela kwenzeka xa zibethwa ukukhanya. A photoemission - inkqubo apho electron ke unkqonkqozile ukukhanya ngamandla kangangokuba kumka ngaphaya kwemida zangaphandle mbandela.

History and Practice

Kuba okokuqala kule nto imangalisayo waphawula zemvelo evela eJamani, Genrih Gerts kude 1887. kuvulwa sifundo baqhubeka asebenza Hertz, yamachiza Russian Stoletov. A genius, Einstein yaqulunqa imfundiso le isivamvo ezisekelwe kwiimbono physics quantum. Ekubeni photoemission bafunda nzulu ngokwaneleyo yaye ubhetyebhetye, baze basebenzise ulwazi abazifumene ngokupheleleyo kuyilo kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo photovoltaic ngokusekelwe. Ukuba ngaba sithatha mzekelo basic, oku oluzenzekelayo isango kwegaraji, iyasebenza iiseli elanga.

IiNdlela yale hlobo zisebenza amandla ombane. Noko ke, iiseli solar ezisebenzisa photoeffect yangaphandle kuphela, uguqule amandla akhutshwa ngexesha radiation zibe nje ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke, ukuze abasebenzise njengemithombo zombane akukho ntsingiselo ekhethekileyo, oko akunakuthethwa malunga matshini. Oku ngoncedo ngemiqadi ukukhanya lwenzeka iziphaluka naso neendlela zolawulo oluzenzekelayo.

Ngaphandle ubaxo, oko Kungaphikiswa ukuba kokufunyanwa isivamvo yaba sisiganeko revolution ngokwenene physics. Nazi eziphawuleka kakhulu lweziqhamo yayo;

• ngaphambi kokuba izazinzulu ityhila uhlobo imfihlelo wokukhanya, umqadi ukukhanya;
• cinema evela ethulile "uthetha" ziye zeza iindlela ilizwi, kwanenyaniso ngokufuduswa umfanekiso ochukumisayo wenza umbulelo kunokwenzeka ukuba isivamvo;
• indalo ngenxa yezixhobo photoelectric matshini kunye "oomatshini smart" ukuba, ngenxa parameters amalungu ezahlukeneyo zenziwa ngaphandle koncedo lomntu;
• iziqu ezininzi iindlela ezahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe matshini photoelectron.

Ngoko ke, lo ukuyisebenzisa le isivamvo, kwaye yaba idabi iteknoloji.

ngezigaba solar

photo effects ziye zohlulwa ngokwendidi eziliqela ngokweempawu nemisebenzi yazo.

1. I yangaphandle isivamvo (ngamanye amazwi - photoelectron engcolisayo). Electron ukuba nantonina ngaphandle iziyobisi xa kwenzeka kuthiwa photoelectrons. Yaye umsinga wombane, zakha xa nyathelo ngokulungeleleneyo endle yombane zangaphandle, wayebizwa photocurrent.
2. ukusebenza lwangaphakathi photoelectric, eziphembelela izinto photoconductive. Oku kwenzeka xa electron ukuba lisasazwe kwi semiconductors kunye insulators ngokuxhomekeke amandla karhulumente udibaniso kunye - into eqinileyo okanye engamanzi. ngokutsha kwenzeka phantsi kwempembelelo ukukhanya. Oku ke kwandisa lombane kwento, ngamanye amazwi, kuvela ifuthe photoconductivity.
3. Ivelufa isivamvo - nokutshintshwa photoelectrons emizimbeni yabo kwezinye eziqinileyo (semiconductors) okanye ulwelo (electrolyte).

isivamvo yangaphandle sisiseko umsebenzi photocells cleaner mihla. Bona yenziwe igutyana yeglasi apho kumphezulu engaphakathi engagqibekanga nala maleko ubhityileyo isimemezelo sisinyithi. A umaleko ubukhulu kancinane inika imveliso yomsebenzi encinane. window transparent udlula ngaphakathi kwebhalbhu ukukhanya ibekwe ngaphakathi kwayo le anode ngokohlobo kweziporo zikaloliwe ucingo okanye intlanzi disc photoelectrons. Ukuba anode eqhagamshelwe kwipali ezintle ibhetri, ukuba ivale wesekethe, iya kwi yangoku yombane. ie Zidle iiseli solar enako ukukhanyisa okanye nangaphandle relay.

Kuhlanganiswa iiseli elanga kunye baphinde, ungenza iindidi 'lokubona "koomatshini, umzekelo, umatshini kwi engaphantsi.

Ngoko ke, ukuba Kwabekwa isiseko kweenkqubo ezininzi kwezoshishino, zangaphandle isivamvo njengoko ezifunyaniswe amakhulu engundoqo ukusebenza ngempumelelo esizisebenzelayo mveliso.