Order Diptera: iimpawu ngokubanzi, abameli, yokuzala

Ke kaloku, kumathafa nasentlango, kunye nayiphi na enye kwikona zehlabathi izinambuzane efanayo Diptera odolo. Abameli kule ntsapho ezaziwayo lihlabathi ukususela ngexesha സോഫ്റ്റ്വെയര് isoftwe. Effect izibawu, ukuluma ziingcongconi ngokuqinisekileyo wayeqhelene wonke.

Order Diptera: iimpawu ngokubanzi

Diptera zibizwa izilwanyana ezingenamqolo ukubayinxalenye udidi izinambuzane, kukho inkalo apho phambi ngeembadada elinye lamaphiko kunye nokufumaneka ngokupheleleyo a olukhulu kakhulu. On nkcazelo enjalo phantse wonke umntu efunda emva kokufunda "Biology" iincwadi zezifundo. Diptera - it kwakhona wona, eliquka iintsapho ngaphezu kwesinye anamanci mahlanu ikhulu lamawaka iintlobo zezinambuzane. Udumo Special uneentwala, iingcongconi, iimpukane, horseflies.

Oosonzululwazi ndingengowalo Diptera isilwanyana ekuhlaleni, kodwa ke kukho iimeko ezizodwa apho abameli njengebutho zenze pack. Ngokuqhelekileyo le meko, ngenxa yokuba kukho incasa iindawo ukutya, indawo elula kummandla ukuya kuzibandakanya okanye ukuphumla.

Kodwa ke isabelo engundoqo kwizinambuzane ezinamaphiko amabini zikhetha ubukho yodwa. Ngamnye kubo udlula kumjikelo othile, nto leyo ezifunyenwe ukuguqulwa zibe Diptera order epheleleyo ngamnye. Abameli squad ekuqaleni kwinqanaba kwamaqanda, ngoko ukuhamba libe ngumbungu, nguphunguphungu kwaye ilandelwe kuphela ke abadala.

Eqongeni lichinistoy umzimba ngamnye njenge umbungu ngaphandle imilenze. lip Kuphela emzimbeni yabo imfundo unsegmented kwi esiswini. Kwakhona, bona luphawulwa ubukho mouthparts. Abadala abadala kuphela nako ukuhlala kweli elibala. Ezidla kulo mba ukhetho. Baziva bonwabile kwaye emhlabeni kunye namanzi kwaye izidumbu izityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Imago, ukubayinxalenye Diptera odolo, luphe umpe umungu. Ba karhataka negazi-owanyayo.

Order Diptera: yokuzala

Kombungu kunye nabameli abadala, amalungu squad babe umahluko ocacileyo kubume yokwakheka kunye nokomzimba. kwakundenza zikhwelwe ukuba inani kwizinambuzane ezinamaphiko amabini udlula lula. Amaxesha amaninzi, abantu abangamadoda ekulungele ukuzala, ekudaleni uhlobo ibubu ingxolo onako asisuse iimazi ezininzi.

Isabelo ephambili Diptera yi egglayers. Kodwa ngokwesimo kukho iimpukane ukuba bathanda ovoviviparity. Kulo mzekelo, sinambuzane izalele iqanda, leyo imizi ekugqibeleni kwakhiwa kwindawo dipterous. Emva hatching, ngoko nangoko baqala ukusebenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo efana ngesondlo.

Kwakhona, kukho iimpukane, ekwaziyo yokuzalwa live. Kulo mzekelo, kukho iinguqulelo ezimbini ngeziphumo iziganeko. Xa Umbungu yokuqala sokukhula ezelwe, nto leyo efuna umlinganiselo othile ixesha lokutya, kwi umbungu yesibini ozalelwe ezilungele pupation.

Kwakhona Diptera ukuzala kunokwenzeka kwinqanaba lichinistoy. Le nto ibizwa ngokuba pedogenesis. Oku kusekelwe ekukhuleni malunga nakumagatya amathandathu mibungu kwi paedogenetic emzimbeni. ezidla Child kuvela ngokusebenzisa discontinuities igubungele umzali. Veliswa e iimeko zivuma, sivumele izinambuzane ngaphakathi Diptera odolo, enika ukuya kwisizukulwana esitsha 10 kulo nyaka.

iimpawu zangaphandle abadala Diptera

Kuba omdala Isanti Diptera - imago - yokufikelela phakathi iisentimitha amabini anantlanu ubude. lohlukanisa mazwe icandelo iimpawu eyahlula kwezinye Diptera odolo. Imilenze ezibekwe umzimba kwi esisu kwi mali izibini ezithathu. Head Diptera ezahlukeneyo iimpawu rounded imilo enkulu ngamehlo ezimbaxa, ibekwe macala omabini.

Isabelo enkulu ezi abameli kuye owanyayo mouthparts. Ukongeza ihlangabezana kwavumela-isikhotha lihlaba-ukukhotha. Ezinye mouthparts izibawu kangaka luyalambatha. amaphiko Front membranous eqhotyoshelweyo mesothorax. Ba kwakhiwa engcono nangesemva yindlela eziphambili moya. Amahobe amaphiko ikoko kwinkqubo ngendaleko uye ifomu magqudu clavate yaye yaba ukulingana ilungu. Namanqina isixa izibini ezithathu zokuqhubekela kude ebeleni yesinambuzane nghena umyalelo Diptera. Imilenze ukuqinisa iilekese kunye neenzipho. Ukuba khona ivumela izinambuzane ukuba bahambe moya nkqo.

isakhiwo yangaphakathi

Xa indima yomzimba fluid abameli zomyalelo Diptera izenzo hemolymph. Xa ezingundoqo zalo, iyeza liyafana igazi izilwanyana eziphezulu. Le Diptera umyalelo ebalasele evulekileyo kwegazi. Oko kukuthi, onke amalungu hemolymph wadibana izibilini. Phezu kodonga ngasemva lweHo- esifubeni, ummeli bobabo Diptera umyalelo, seyijiyile kunye isitya amaphiko ubunjwe. Enyanisweni, nguye owenza umsebenzi intliziyo. Kuba uphefumla ezinambuzaneni emzimbeni uqhoqhoqho uxanduva. iinkqubo transfer Gas kwenziwa kwisisu. Kukho isixa esikhulu se uqhoqhoqho ezikufuphi ukuya aorta. imiyalelo Diptera ezinambuzaneni linophawu bubukho ingqondo.

Indima endalweni

izinambuzane ezininzi kakhulu ngoweqela Diptera odolo, banokubenzakalisa impilo yabantu okanye izilwanyana. Okokuqala, oku kubangelwa kukuba abameli ezifana neengcongconi, iimpukane, iingcongconi, horseflies kunye iimpukane esitalini, bakholisa ukuba banyamezele zonke iintlobo zezifo ezosulelayo. Kukho inani labantu inganako ukubangela umonakalo izityalo, ngoxa kwinqanaba mibungu. Kule meko ke, badla ngokutya igazi emzimbeni womntu emzimbeni yezilwanyana. Kwelinye icala, kuzisa iingenelo abameli Diptera le kwecala, ukuhlakanipha izityalo kunye nomhlaba-nokwenza. Kukho kwakhona iintlobo zezinambuzane-ezinamaphiko amabini, ezo shredders ukuze bakwazi ukulima.

Amakhulu amawaka iintlobo Diptera zidibene ngokwamaqela ezininzi:

• iingcongconi midges okubuhlungu;
• tolstonozhki kunye mycetophilidae;
• iimpukane inundu;
• crane-fly;
• lvink;
• xylophagidae;
• horseflies;
• Sharovka;
• Gorbatka;
• hoverflies;
• umgquba houseflies;
• izibawu kunye tahini.

houseflies

Ingaba houseflies usapho iimpukane abakhoyo. Bona abanikazi omzimba commensal ngoku nzima ukufumana kwindalo. Ngabanye iphaphamile olu hlobo advantageously namhla. isakhiwo impukane mkhulu emehlweni nesindindeneyo abomvu. Apha ubude ngaphantsi ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphezu eemilimitha ezisibhozo. Umbala umzimba wayo ndiyingwevu imivumbo iimpawu black longitudinal phezu kwesifuba. Esiswini kwi ezantsi inombala elityheli.

Ubume iimpukane ababhinqileyo, yahlukile ngandlel ukusuka iintlobo eyindoda. Okokuqala bonke aye anda umgama phakathi kwamehlo. Okwesibini, amabhinqa akamelwanga ezinkulu ubukhulu. Potted iimpukane mouthparts isikhotha-owanyayo yinqobo kuye. Kulo mba, abakwazi ukuba prokusyvanie ulusu kunye negazi owanyayo. Ukutya bathathe ezingamanzi kuphela. Kwimeko ukutya ukutya okuqinileyo zibe pre-nkqubo ukuvelisa ngamanyala sawo ematheni.

ixesha ubomi mpukane kuxhomekeke kwimeko lobushushu i kwendawo yayo. Kwimeko-bume ngokupheleleyo kunye lobushushu linyuka kwingingqi ezingamashumi amabini anesine degrees Celsius, oko unako ukuphila ngokuvisisana kwiintsuku ezimashumi mabini. Ngokutsho indlela houseflies yokuzala oviparous. Ngelo xesha, omnye umntu unako ukubeka ukuya amaqanda alikhulu elinamanci mabini. Umjikelo yokuguqula bengazigqibanga.

iingcongconi

Kungenjalo, zibizwa iingcongconi. Baya kuba iqela Nematocera. Yalusa kuba izityalo ezininzi incindi kunye nencindi. Uninzi isixhobo ngomlomo ikwayilelwe ukuba imngene ulusu, uyifince igazi. Nganye kwezi ntlobo zokutya ngumthombo ebaluleke kakhulu amandla nesinambuzane.

iingcongconi ubude umzimba obhityileyo ngeesentimitha elinesine. Kwakhona, bona luphawulwa imilenze elide kwaye emxinwa, namaphiko phantse ngaphaya. Umbala Body kubo angwevu, emthubi okanye mdaka. Kukho iindidi ingcongconi oluhlaza paunchy okanye lube mnyama.

esisu side yahlulwe amacandelo ezilishumi. Isakhiwo bokuhlala iingcongconi kukuba esifubeni ngokubanzi kancinci esiswini. Ngomhla iincam imilenze zibe ipere iinzipho. Wings ingcongconi enamaxolo neempondo abamnkela. Chwetheza mouthparts - lihlaba-ukukhotha.

A isici esasenza female a nkawu elide kunye ezifumaneka nemithungo. Ngalinye iintlobo sinambuzane usinike trubochkovidnaya ngomlebe asezantsi. It udakada mouthparts zakhe. Kwakhona kule bay zezi emihlathini eziliqela, sivumele iingcongconi gaze umngxuma eluswini. Emva dubulo singena phakathi khala emngxunyeni yadika ngalo igazi. Kuphuhliso yayo, yonke ziingcongconi na umjikelo wobomi ngokupheleleyo ukususela iqanda abadala.

horseflies

Xa intsapho Diptera indawo ebalulekileyo yelungu horseflies. Izazi zibhekisela kuwo korotkousyh suborder. Xa imbonakalo bafana iimpukane, ezinkulu kuphela. Baye isiqu nenyama kunye stilettos ezibukhali ezibukhali aqinileyo. Zazibekwe horseflies ezivelileyo phambili kwaye iqanjwa amacandelo amane. Amehlo abo zinkulu kwaye inemibalabala. Ubume bale mouthparts ziquka mandibles, nemihlathi, iindevu udini ophantsi podglotochnik sibheqwayo abaligxekayo.

Njengoninzi Diptera, horseflies ezi egglayers. Ngelo iqanda eqongeni, kuba ifomu elide kunye umbala gray, omnyama okanye emdaka. Ajike abe ezidla, bona nokuqhela babe fusiform. Chrysalis izibawu ziyafana kakhulu ukuya pupae ibhabhathane. Eyona medium engundoqo zityalwe ziindawo ingca.

abadala, amabhinqa esi sinambuzane ngesiqhelo Esukelana igazi izilwanyana ezinegazi elishushu. Iinkunzi bakhetha ukutyala umpe. Ngelo xesha omnye umntu obhinqileyo unako ukubeka ukuya amaqanda eliwaka. Isambuku horseflies ubomi bamthwala elibala, eziphaphazelayo phezu ezahlukeneyo ntlango kunye izinto.

izibawu

Enyanisweni, izibawu - kuyo yonke iimpukane efanayo. Bona lubonakala ngokuba medium size. ezidla yabo indlela ekumfimfitheni yokuphila ezincancisayo. Kukho iimeko xa zifumaneka ngabantu ngohlobo myiasis. Izibawu ke ukuguqulwa ngokupheleleyo, phambi kokuba abe imago. Ezi zinambuzane ezinamaphiko bachitha ukuba umjikelo ukuguqulwa ngokupheleleyo kwisithuba ongama esilwanyana unyaka omnye.

Inkalo ebalulekileyo abadala kukungabikho nezidingo zesondlo. Inyaniso yokuba, njengokuba ngumbungu, angemi anenani elifunekayo izondlo, nokuselwa okwenzeka kwinqanaba omdala. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le imago ehlala iintsuku ezintathu ukuya amabini. Ngexesha ukhona, ithe ukuya kwisithathu ubunzima bomzimba wabo.

Zikhwela iimazi izibawu kwenzeka qho ngonyaka kwindawo efanayo. Emva kokuba inkunzi fertilizes nemazi, ngoko nangoko uya ukhangela isilwanyana ezifanelekileyo ukubeka amaqanda. Eyona ekukhethwa ukuba kwindawo yabo iludonga elithambileyo esiswini, nasemiphakathweni kunye ngaphambili womlenze isilwanyana. Kukho esiswini, kunye izibawu esiswini ongama. Eyona abasengozini amahashe, iibhokhwe, iigusha, iidonki neenkomo.

inundu iimpukane

Bhu iimpukane, okanye amabhabhathane Diptera ziphantsi suborder Nematocera. Enyanisweni, oku ziingcongconi ezincinane, ukuba ubukhulu ukusuka milimitha kwesinye ukuya kwisine. Xa imbonakalo ziyafana amabhabhathane amancinane kakhulu kwaye icocekile. Zizonke kweentlobo phantse amawaka amathathu. Nundu iimpukane zifumaneka kuzo zonke iimbombo zomhlaba. iintlobo ngeentlobo zazo eziphambili kubonwa kumazwe ico. Imibungu moth iimpukane bakhetha ukuhlala uhlala ukubola kwezityalo. Abanye babo bakhetha okusingqongileyo emanzini.

Intloko iimpukane moth abadala Sihombisa zeepali namehlo ezimbini. amaphiko ayo malunga ezimbini omise ubude. Umzimba wonke kunye amaphiko kulula volosyanistoe ngeso lenyama. Inundu iimpukane steel bokuhlala okanye umbala yesilivere. amaphiko azo, ukuba kunqabile kakhulu. Indlela ephambili Uhanjiso ihamba nge zemimoya.

Itotali ndlovu omdala le inyakanyaka enamaphiko abahlala iiveki ezimbini okanye ezintathu. Xa inkqubo yobomi babo, sukube akuyi kuxhaswa. Ukuze ukutsala amadoda ukuba zisukele moth iimpukane banako ukuba anikezele ekhethekileyo iliso-mfihlakalo. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba imfihlelo onjalo uyakwazi ukukhetha Spider-Bolado. Lo mhlaba ikuvumela ukuba ukutsala iimpukane nundu eyindoda, adla kakhulu obukhulu phantsi web yayo.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha moth iimpukane unako ukubeka nje omnye ezilikhulu amaqanda. Ke kwiintsuku nje ezimbini Kwiqanda ngalinye izivingco lo mbungu. Imibungu moth iimpukane babe yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ezakhayo - bayakwazi ukuba adle yencindi uluhlu embindini umbhobho wamanzi amdaka. Ngoko ke ucocwe kubo. Iimpukane yokuhlala imago moth kuwa ngenxa neentanda emgangathweni, imingxuma imibhobho yogutyulo, kucocwe olubi kunye risers. Apartments nokufuma phezulu kubo kakhulu bekhululekile.