The storm - nto kwizimanga zendalo. Development, ngezigaba, nesiphango

Isaqhwithi - ntoni na? Phi sokuhlaziya isibhakabhaka nemibane iindudumo okubi? The storm - nto kwizimanga zendalo. Lightning ebizwa khupha zombane ukuze kuveliswa ngaphakathi amafu (cumulonimbus) okanye phakathi emafini phezu komhlaba. Zidla zihambisana iindudumo. Lightning ezinxulumene iimvula ezinkulu, umoya enzima, yaye ngokufuthi kunye nesichotho.

umsebenzi

Isaqhwithi - yenye ye nesenzeko kakhulu yingozi zendalo. Abantu abahlaselwa umphezulu asinde kuphela kwiimeko ekwanti.

Ngelo xesha nye enza izinto emhlabeni malunga 1500 izulu. ndiyenza nokuqina ezibalelwa amakhulu imibane ngomzuzwana.

Ukusasazwa nezikhukhula on Earth kolwabelo olungalinganiyo. Umzekelo, phezu amazwekazi izihlandlo ezili-10 ngaphezu phezu kolwandle. Uninzi (78%) kokukhutshwa umbane bebekelwa nemimandla ethandwa yimvula. Amaxesha amaninzi it nquma yinkanyamba kuMbindi Afrika. Kodwa ke kwimimandla polar (Antarctica, Arctic) kunye nezibonda umbane phantse asikwazi ukubona. Ngobunzulu sitshingitshane, elivelayo, edibene umzimba wasezulwini. Ngeminyaka yoo-ezinezinga iphezulu yayo (emini) iiyure kwemini ukwenza ntoni ehlotyeni. Kodwa okungenani ebhalisiweyo phambi kwelanga. Ngaba iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zelizwe. Amaziko storm kakhulu ezinamandla ibekwe malayas kwaye Cordilleras (iindawo entabeni). Ezahlukeneyo inani yonyaka "iintsuku uqhwithela" eRashiya. E Murmansk, umzekelo, zine kuphela, Arkhangelsk - elinesihlanu eKaliningrad - elinesibhozo, uPetros - 16, Moscow - 24 Bryansk - 28, Voronezh - 26, Rostov - 31, Sochi - 50, Samara - 25, Kazan kunye Yekaterinburg - 28, Ufa - 31, naseNovosibirsk - 20 Barnaul - 32, Chita - 27 Irkutske kunye Yakutsk - 12 Blagoveshensk - 28, Vladivostok - 13 iyavuma - 25, Yuzhno - 7, Petropavlovsk - 1.

uphuhliso kuduma

Njani ihamba? Thundercloud abunjwe kuphela phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Kufuneka ubukho ukufuma aqukuqela phezulu, isakhiwo bekuya kuba ukuba apho elinye iqhezu amasuntswana ukho kule ice karhulumente, omnye - kule engamanzi. පිළිතුරු iimpendulo, nto leyo eya kukhokelela kuphuhliso kukho isiphango, apho ngezihlandlo ezimbalwa.

1. zokufudumeza ngokungalinganiyo layers kumphezulu. Umzekelo, phezu kwamanzi, kunye umahluko lobushushu kakhulu. Imizi emikhulu storm ngobunzulu iya kuba unamandla kancinane ngakumbi kwindawo ezingqongileyo.

2. Xa kancinane umoya obandayo eshushu. kwindibano Front badla eyenzeke ngaxeshanye kuyo yonke Nimbostratus amafu (amafu).

3. Ndikunye ekhwela umoya ezintabeni. Nkqu ukuphakama abancinane kukhokelela ekwandeni ekwakhekeni efini. Le පිළිතුරු iimpendulo ngenkani.

Nawuphi thundercloud, nokuba udidi sayo, kuyafuneka ukuba kudlula izigaba ezithathu: Cumulus, Inqanaba lokuvuthwa kubola.

ngezigaba

Kuduma ixesha nyonke kuphela ndawo lokuqaphela. Ahlukana, umzekelo, upelo, wengingqi, ngaphambili. Ngoku ke esiphango zihlelwa yokusebenza, kuxhomekeka iimeko zemozulu ngayo ukuphuhlisa. Updrafts kwakheka ngenxa kozinzo komoya. Ukudala amafu emvula oku imeko engundoqo. Kuyinto iimpawu ezibalulekileyo kakhulu lokumpompoza ezinjalo. Kuxhomekeka ubukhulu kunye nobukhulu esiyiyo, ngokulandelelana, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo amafu emvula. Zahlula?

1. Cumulonimbus odnoyacheykovye (local okanye vnutrimassovye). Yiba isichotho okanye umsebenzi isiphango. Imilinganiso ezinqamlezayo ka-5 ukuya ku-20 km, nkqo - ukususela-8 ukuya ku-12 km. "Ubomi" ilifu ukuya kweyure. Emva kokuba isaqhwithi imozulu kuhlala zilolo hlobo zazilulo.

2. Iqela Mnogoyacheykovye. Apha ubukhulu ochukumisa ngakumbi - ku-1000 km. Iqela Mnogoyacheykovy ibandakanya iqela leeseli uqhwithela kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo lasungulwa kunye nophuhliso, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo mnye. Njani ziyasebenza? iiseli isiphango aqolileyo ibekwe embindini loo ukubola - evela emoyeni. Cross ubukhulu yabo kufikelela km 40. Cluster mnogoyacheykovye zihlasela 'ukunika' umoya (squally, kodwa engenamandla), imvula, nesichotho. Ubukho iseli oqolileyo libe lelona kangangesiqingatha seyure, kodwa ezisebenzisanayo kukodwa "ukuphila" iiyure eziliqela.

3. line uqhwithela. Kwakhona mnogoyacheykovye izulu. Kananjalo ngokuba yomgama. Basenokuba yinto eqinileyo, kunye umsantsa. zemimoya Wind are elide (phambili). Mnogoyacheykovaya umgca ekusondeleni ubonakala kuba ludonga emnyama wamafu. Inani imisonto (zombini uplink kunye downlink) mkhulu kakhulu. Kungenxa yoko le nto ezintsonkothileyo of iindudumo zihlelwa nje multi-cell, nangona esiphangweni isakhiwo eyahlukileyo. umgca uqhwithela unganikeza imvula olunzulu kunye nesichotho enkulu, kodwa 'limited "kwemali ngaphezulu sniskhodyaschimi olomeleleyo. Ngokufuthi wadlula phambi ngaphambili abandayo. Emifanekisweni, inkqubo enjalo elimile kruthu.

4. kuduma Superyacheykovye. Kukho isiphango enjalo inqabile. Ukuba iyingozi kakhulu ukuba impahla kunye nobomi babantu. Cloud le nkqubo uyafana odnoyacheykovym ukususela zombini ziyahluka ummandla omnye upflow. Kodwa abe nobukhulu obahlukeneyo. Superyacheykovoe ilifu - enkulu - phantse 50 km radius, ukuphakama - up to km 15. Imida ukuze ibe stratosphere. Imilo kufana omnye nensimbi semi-setyhula. Izinga nomfula iphezulu kakhulu (ukuya kwi-60 m / s). A osemqoka Uphawu - ubukho ujikelezo. Ukuba lenza yingozi, iziganeko kakhulu (isichotho elikhulu (ngaphezu kwe-5 cm), i iinkanyamba nezichotho emibi). Eyona nto iphambili iimeko elijikelezileyo ukuze kwakhiwe amafu ezinjalo. It is a indibano ngamandla kakhulu lobushushu-27 kunye ngakulo umoya variable. Iimeko ezinjalo kwenzeka xa uchebe yomoya eziFihliweyo. Abunjwe updrafts, imvula idluliselwe kwindawo ehlayo, olunika ubomi kwelifu. Umbilo lo avela ezisasaziweyo. Iishawari sisondele nesichotho enhla - ikufutshane ukuya emntla-mpuma. Ngasemva izaqhwithi kufuneka bedinga. Emva koko ke zone kakhulu eyingozi ezikufutshane nephayiphu.

Kukho ingqikelelo 'isiphango owomileyo. " Esi amila, uphawu zemvula. Ngoqhwithela onjalo akukho kwezulu (nje musa ukufikelela osha ngenxa lobushushu eliphezulu).

speed movement

We zahlukanisa nezikhukhula ukuba bamalunga nama-20 km / h, maxa wambi ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba Iimbumba esebenzayo kuyabanda, isantya babe 80 km / h. Uninzi iziphango iindudumo endala athathelwa indawo iiseli ezintsha. Ngamnye kubo umgama elincinane ngokwentelekiso (zomyalelo kweekhilomitha ezimbini), kodwa kwandisa umgama aggregate.

ugesi mechanism

Baphi na iiziphu ngokwabo? iindleko zombane emhlabeni emafini ngaphakathi kubo bahlale ezihambayo. Le nkqubo sinzima kakhulu. Indlela elula yokungenisa umfanekiso umsebenzi iintlawulo zombane ngamafu abaqolileyo. It dominates kubo dipole nesakhiwo esifanelekileyo. Njani abelwa? Intlawulo HIV ingabekwa phezulu kwaye negative - ngaphantsi kwalo, ngaphakathi efini. Ngokutsho hypothesis ezisisiseko (nje sigqibe ekubeni le ndawo incinane-uphando kwinzululwazi), amasuntswana esindayo ezinkulu luye kakubi ityala, nezincinane kunye ukukhanya isimangalo entle. Ukuwa lokuqala ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu yokugqibela. Oku kubangela iintlawulo isithuba ngokwahlukana lomhlaba. Le ndlela ixhaswa imifuniselo elebhu. Banolwazi amasuntswana enamandla transfer kwentlawulo ukuba umkhenkce okanye isichotho iinkozo. Ubukhulu kunye mqondiso uya kuxhomekeka kwisiqulatho amanzi kwamafu, lobushushu (kokugquma), lo Velocity yokungqubana (miba ephambili). Not ngaphandle ifuthe ezinye iindlela. Sokukhutshwa kwenzeka phakathi emhlabeni ilifu (okanye umoya cala, okanye ionosphere). Yaba ngeli xesha siye sabona Itsiba ngokusebenzisa ukukhanya esibhakabhakeni. Okanye umbane. Le nkqubo kunye ukugqekreza elikhulu (iindudumo).

Esiphangweni - yinkqubo entsonkothileyo. Ukuze ukufunda kungathatha iminyaka emininzi, mhlawumbi eminyaka.