Olinganise kwindawo amfamekileyo eziphathekayo ngenxa: ukubala, iimpawu, ukwakhiwa kunye neziphakamiso

indawo Blind - kwakuhlaziya into ebalulekileyo yokwakha isakhiwo. Ngoko ke, xa obegalelwe kufuneka ukuba agcine ubugcisa ezithile. Okokuqala kubalulekile ukulungiselela isisombululo. Ukuba olinganise eziphathekayo ukuze ndawo beniziimfama ziyafikeleleka ixesha elide elizayo ukuba asiyi kubabusa.

ukuqashwa

Umsebenzi ophambili kummandla beemfama isakhiwo, Kakade ke, nokukhuselwa inxalenye komhlaba isiseko emvula kunye meltwater. Amalungiselelo lwesi sakhi bokwakha, ngaloo ndlela, anokufikelela kakhulu isiseko wenkonzo yendlu. Ukuba umhlaba lowo kummandla ongaphantsi liya kuhlala owomileyo, ngaphandle nantoni na enye into, oko kuya ukunciphisa umthwalo entwasahlobo ngexesha Inkitha zomhlaba. Ngamanye amaxesha indawo eyimfama isakhiwo kwaye wenza esinye umsebenzi - ukhonza indledlana. Ukuba indlu kwingca ezikufutshane nayo ngayo kwakhona lula kakhulu ukuphumeza okunkcenkceshela.

Iimfuneko indawo iimfama

Kunye nokwakhiwa lwesi sakhi yokuyilwa yesakhiwo ukuthobela imimiselo ezinjalo isniphu:

• Ububanzi kwindawo eyimfama ukuba udidi lomhlaba andiyi kufuneka bungabi ngaphantsi kwe-1 m, ngokuba Class II - 2 m.
• Ebubanzini liphezulu umhlaba ubunjwe ngaphantsi iribhoni eziphathekayo - 0,15 mm.
• Ubuncinane ithambeka otmostki - 0.03 m.
• kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe-3 cm kwentlabathi ababetheki ububanzi phantsi kwe tape.

Xa ugalela otmostka kunyanzelekile luqiniswe efestileni yesinyithi. Ngokulungiselela umaleko yokukhupha amanzi kufuneka zisetyenziswe ingqushu.

Ukusuka apho kuya kuxhomekeka kumgangatho eziphathekayo

Ezinye abanini zezindlu lizwe kucingwa ukuba, ukususela isakhi isakhiwo akukho umthwalo ngethuba msebenzi kuqhutywa, ungasebenzisa nasiphi na, nokuba akukho ingxubevange elungileyo kakhulu kuye. Noko ke, oko akunjalo. ngokulingana eziphathekayo ukuya kwindawo uyimfama, qiniseka ukuba ukuthobela. Eneneni, xa intshabalalo yayo (ngokuhlaziya kwaye spalling) isiseko sendlu nangoko iqala bakrotyiswe ibingenakunyakama. Ngenxa yoko, kunciphisa kakhulu ubomi inkonzo yonke isakhiwo.

Ngokutsho isniphu izithethe kule nkalo yokuyilwa yendlu uvumelekile ukuba asebenzise i concrete brand-ukuxubana alithe gangqa M200, okuhambelana eklasini B-15. Ukulungiselela lo mxube, kufuneka ukuba akhethe isamente ekunene, isanti kunye lokufaka. Kambe ke, kufuneka ukuba ugalelwe kwi olinganise ekunene.

Yintoni brand zesamente ukuthenga

Eli candelo maxa amaninzi, kwaye igqiba indlela mfanelo ukwakheka ekugqibeleni eziphathekayo ukuya kummandla uyimfama. Olinganise macandelo ezishiyekileyo umiselwa isikakhulu mali zesamente. Kuba udidi umxube concrete B-15 kuyimfuneko ukuba khetha ibakala impahla M400. isamente onjalo ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Ubude sokuwa - Iiyure 2-4 kwiqondo lobushushu kokugquma +18 ... + 22 ° C.
• Zokusebenza lobushushu Uluhlu - -60 ukuya +300 ° C.
• Life of lwesakhiwo - ukuya kwiminyaka eli-100.

Ready grade eziphathekayo M200 eyenziweyo usebenzisa M400 isamente phantse manzi, amorphous kwiintlobo ezininzi izinyibilikisi kwaye akoyiki kuncipha lobushushu elibukhali.

kufuneka ibe yintoni lokufaka

Olinganise eziphathekayo kwingingqi beemfama ndlu kufuneka kuhlangatyezwane ngokuyimfuneko, kodwa kubaluleke ngokulinganayo ukukhetha lokufaka elifanelekileyo mxube. Le element Isisombululo luhlobo "unyanzeliso" ukwamkela onke ntshikilelo zangaphakathi. Njengoko lokufaka ukuba isisombululo ibe phantsi kummandla uyimfama, uvunyelwe ukusebenzisa amahlalutye okanye amatye batyumke. Uyakwazi indawo ezi zinto kwi, ukuba oyifunayo, naphakathi ilitye batyumke.

Indlela yokulungisa esantini

Iyahlala ixhomekeke ingxubevange eziphathekayo kuquka umgangatho icandelo. Isanti kule meko kungcono ukuthatha umlambo omkhulu. Kakade ke, ithuba lokufumana loo nto iye asingabo bonke abanini lwezindlu lizwe. Ukuba Isanti umlambo ukuthenga akaphumeleli, unakho endaweni phezu msebenzi. Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuba baxovula umxube izinto ezinjalo kufuneka ukuba wayigocagoca igridi kunye iseli-23 mm. Yenza le nkqubo ingcono kwiimeko ezinomoya. Kulo mzekelo, njengentlabathi esahlula kuquka icandelo entle (uthuli).

Ukongeza amanzi

Ukuxuba umxube eziphathekayo kufuneka ibe ngendlela yokuba iba ithambile ngokwaneleyo ukusebenza kwaye ukhululekile kuyo. Amanzi kufanele zongezwe isisombululo ukufudumeza indawo eyimfama. Ungasebenzisa isitsala-plain okanye kakuhle. Ukuvunyelwa ukuba kukha amanzi drive iholide. Kodwa ke kule meko kuyimfuneko ukubona ukuba kuyo wahlambuluka.

Ekugqibeleni isisombululo ihlanjululwa kufuneka athontsize nemihlakulwana. Musa ukwenza umxube obukhulu kakhulu. Ukuba ukufa okanye unamathela nefolokhwe ucoce off izigaqa elikhulu nzima yayo, kufuneka ibe olufakwe kancinci. Emva ukuxubana isisombululo sokohlulwa ngamanzi elungileyo akukho anamathela.

Ukuphambana ukuze indawo oyimfama eziphathekayo: yokubala

Kakade ke, ngenxa ukulungiselela isisombululo ezikumgangatho ophezulu kufuneka ukhethe kuphela izinto ezifanelekileyo, kodwa ilungelo uwahlanganise. Olinganise le olungundoqo kulo mzekelo badla ukuba onjalo:

• Cement - Inxalenye 1;
• kwentlabathi - iinxalenye 3;
• macadam - iinxalenye 4;
• Water - 0.5 iindawo.

Ngoko kuvame ukuchazwa Amanani ukuba olungundoqo emele kwindawo eyimfama. Emibhinqweni olubanzi kungcono ukwenza umxube eqinileyo ngakumbi, ngokudibanisa emele 1 zesamente ezintathu - nakhandiweyo ngelitye okanye luhlalu. Xa ufaka ngetheyiphu ezi izakhiwo ezingaphandle unako, phezu koko, ukuba ukonga eziphathekayo kwaye usebenzise ezintathu ukuya kwezine iindawo esantini.

ibonwe Ukubala kwinkalo oyimfama zekhonkrithi kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo kuquka yokuba izityalo ukulungiselela 1 m ³ isisombululo uphawula M200 athabathe 280 kg zesamente, 1.4 iitoni zegrabile, 840 kg yintlabathi. Konke oku izaliswe eelitha zamanzi 190.

Izindululo for baxovula

Ngenxa yoko, siye safumanisa ukuba bangakanani na ngekhonkrithi kuba indawo imfama yeyona ifanelekileyo. Kodwa, Kakade, ukufumana isisombululo olunobulunga imveliso, kuyimfuneko ukuba axove kakuhle. Ukulungiselela izinto nangokundizalisa indawo imfama ixabisa usebenzisa Umxhubi lwesamente. Kulo mzekelo, uya kufumana umgangatho ngcono kakhulu. Umxhubi eziphathekayo kakhulu phambi kokuba baqalise umsebenzi kufuneka sibekwe endaweni ethe tyaba. Iinxalenye backfilled kulo ngokulandelelana:

• isamente;
• njengentlabathi;
• moto.

Emva zixubene izinto ezomileyo, amanzi wongezwa igubu. Ixesha lilonke kulungiselelwa isisombululo kuxhomekeke kudidi kwezixhobo. Ukuze nyanzela izixhobo amanyathelo ongowona imizuzu 2-3, kunye nezixhobo womxhuzulane - imizuzu 5-6. Ukunciphisa okanye ukwandisa ukusebenza le nkqubo kuba ixesha. Kwimeko yokuqala umxube liya kujika inhomogeneous, kunye yesibini - kome kakhulu.

Ukuba lokuxhuba isamente kwezoqoqosho akuvumelekanga ukuba isisombululo kule ndawo abangaboniyo ngesandla. Kulo mzekelo, indlela elula uthathe ithuba kumkhombe kunye motyzhkoy. Ukulungiselela Lolwazi kuqala kakuhle ukuxuba zonke izithako owomileyo. Emva koko, emkhumbini wongeze efunekayo umthamo wamanzi. Xa baxovula ngesandla isicombululo ukuzithengela ayikho iyunifom kunye nomgangatho njengaxa usebenzisa ngabenzi. Ngoko ke, kule meko isamente kufuneka athathe ngakumbi.

Nantso indlela eyenziwa ukulungiselela eziphathekayo kwindawo uyimfama. Olinganise amacandelo isisombululo kufuneka nazo ngqo. Kulo mzekelo, umxube uza kujika zeplastiki, umgangatho ophezulu yaye iya kusebenza ukuhlanganiswa kunye nayo. Le ndawo efanayo kakhulu zimfama, awawenzayo ukusetyenziswa kwayo, iya kuphuma bomelele, oluchanekileyo ixesha elide.